The Line Becomes a River

by

Francisco Cantú

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Francisco Cantú Character Analysis

Francisco Cantú is the author, narrator, and protagonist of The Line Becomes a River, which charts his experiences as a field agent in the United States Border Patrol. He’s the grandson of a Mexican migrant, and his parents separated when he was young. However, Cantú’s mother was careful to preserve a sense of his Mexican heritage, and her work as a park ranger led her and Cantú to various spots around the American West and Southwest during his infancy (though he spent most of his childhood in Arizona), so he grew up with some understanding of the U.S.–Mexico border. As a young adult, after studying the border in college, Cantú gets a job as a Border Patrol agent, hoping to improve his understanding of the border through proximity. Although he enters the Border Patrol as a youthful idealist, confident that nothing he encounters there could shake his morality or sense of self, he painfully acquires a much more complex understanding of how institutions can damage the people within and around them. He suffers “moral injury”—the damage to the self that occurs when a person is forced to accept things they know are wrong—and his relationships grow strained, particularly his previously close relationship with his mother. He also begins to suffer from nightmares, especially ones involving wolves and grinding or shattering his teeth, that reflect his inner turmoil. Although he tends to be kind to the migrants he catches trying to cross the border illegally, some of the men that Cantú works with make it a habit of urinating on migrants’ belongings and setting fire to cactuses. Despite these blows to his idealism, Cantú manages to recover a fierce sense of justice and a renewed understanding of the value of human life after he leaves Border Patrol and gets heavily involved in the effort to secure a legal way over the border for his friend José. José is unsuccessful in returning to the U.S., and being a part of this long-winded and heartbreaking process gives Cantú a clearer insight into what happens to people after he processes them for deportation—something he never really had to think about as a field agent.

Francisco Cantú Quotes in The Line Becomes a River

The The Line Becomes a River quotes below are all either spoken by Francisco Cantú or refer to Francisco Cantú. For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
Trauma and Emotional Detachment Theme Icon
).
Prologue Quotes

Dragonflies migrate as birds do, she told me, beating their papery wings for days on end across rolling plains, across long mountain chains, across the open sea.

Related Characters: Francisco Cantú (speaker), Cantú’s Mother
Page Number: 5
Explanation and Analysis:
Part 1 Quotes

I wondered if he thought of his body as a tool for destruction or as one of safekeeping. I wondered, too, about my body, about what sort of tool it was becoming.

Related Characters: Francisco Cantú (speaker), Robles
Page Number: 19
Explanation and Analysis:

You must understand you are stepping into a system, an institution with little regard for people.

Related Characters: Cantú’s Mother (speaker), Francisco Cantú
Page Number: 25
Explanation and Analysis:

Hay mucha desesperación, he told me, almost whispering. I tried to look at his face, but it was too dark.

Related Characters: Francisco Cantú (speaker), Morales
Page Number: 31
Explanation and Analysis:

There are days when I feel I am becoming good at what I do. And then I wonder, what does it mean to be good at this?

Related Characters: Francisco Cantú (speaker)
Page Number: 33
Explanation and Analysis:

In the course of their work along the international boundary, Emory’s surveying parties erected […] forty-seven monuments along the newly traced line from the Colorado River to the Rio Grande, asserting, for the very first time, the entirety of a boundary that had hitherto existed only on paper and in the furious minds of politicians.

Related Characters: Francisco Cantú (speaker)
Page Number: 44
Explanation and Analysis:

Outside in the parking lot, trying to gather my strength, I thought about the tears in Cole’s eyes, about Morales’s far-off gaze, about his parents huddled in the corner […] My face became hot and I could feel moisture collecting in my eyes. […] I closed my eyes and took a deep breath. I would not go back, I decided, I would not let the water gather into tears.

Related Characters: Francisco Cantú (speaker), Morales, Cole
Page Number: 67
Explanation and Analysis:

I dropped the little bird with one shot.

Related Characters: Francisco Cantú (speaker)
Related Symbols: Birds
Page Number: 75
Explanation and Analysis:
Part 2 Quotes

Saint Francis proposed a compact: in exchange for the wolf’s promise to cease its killing of livestock and townspeople, the residents of Gubbio would feed the animal every day for the rest of its life. “Thought shalt no longer suffer hunger,” he told the wolf, “as it is hunger which has made thee do so much evil.”

Related Characters: Francisco Cantú (speaker)
Related Symbols: Wolves
Page Number: 82
Explanation and Analysis:

After hanging up, I sat staring at the camera feeds on the massive screen in front of me, imagining all the bodies that I knew were out there, undiscovered under trees and in dry washes, slowly returning to the earth.

Related Characters: Francisco Cantú (speaker)
Page Number: 97
Explanation and Analysis:

I look out at the walls of the canyon and find that all beauty has drained from the landscape, that I am surrounded only by the sinister threat of violence, by faceless men and stacks of empty chests.

Related Characters: Francisco Cantú (speaker)
Page Number: 99
Explanation and Analysis:

It is difficult, of course, to conceive of such numbers in any tangible and appropriate way. The number of border deaths, just like the number of drug war homicides, or the numbers that measure the death toll of the Mexican Revolution or the War of Independence, does little to account for all the ways that violence rips and ripples through a society, through the lives and minds of its inhabitants.

Related Characters: Francisco Cantú (speaker)
Page Number: 107
Explanation and Analysis:

Antígona González asks: “What thing is the body when someone strips it of a name, a history, a family name? … When there is no face or trail or traces or signs … What thing is the body when it’s lost?”

Related Characters: Francisco Cantú (speaker)
Page Number: 115
Explanation and Analysis:

Almost as a rule, he and all the cartel men he knew and worked with were always high and drunk when carrying out their work. After killing or torturing a target, the sicario says, “I did not fully realize what I had done until two or three days later when I was finally sober. I realized how easy it was that the drugs and the world that I was in were controlling and manipulating me. I was no longer myself.”

Related Characters: Francisco Cantú (speaker)
Page Number: 124
Explanation and Analysis:

My uncle began to recount all the natural things he had been made to destroy in the years he worked as a contractor in Santa Fe. At one job site he tore down a mighty pine tree and cut it into pieces. […] It’s overwhelming sometimes, he said, to think of all the trees I’ve killed, all the scars I’ve left in the land.

Related Characters: Francisco Cantú (speaker), Cantú’s Uncle
Page Number: 128
Explanation and Analysis:

To live in the city of El Paso in those days was to hover at the edge of a crushing cruelty, to safely fill the lungs with air steeped in horror.

Related Characters: Francisco Cantú (speaker)
Page Number: 130
Explanation and Analysis:

“We must be able not only to reckon the number of deaths but to reckon with each victim as an individual.”

Related Characters: Francisco Cantú, José
Page Number: 144
Explanation and Analysis:
Part 3 Quotes

In order a begin a true reckoning with our inner situation, “we have to expose ourselves to the animal impulses of the unconscious without identifying with them and without ‘running away.’”

Related Characters: Francisco Cantú, José
Page Number: 165
Explanation and Analysis:

Mostly I arrested migrants, I confessed. People looking for a better life.

Related Characters: Francisco Cantú (speaker), José
Page Number: 172
Explanation and Analysis:

I tell you, Walter said, the Border Patrol, the marshals, it’s like they forget about kindness. I’ve almost never seen these guys express any humanity, any emotion. I don’t know how they do it. How do you come home to your kids at night when you spend your day treating other humans like dogs?

Related Characters: Walter (speaker), Francisco Cantú, José
Page Number: 188
Explanation and Analysis:

Of course he has fear. La violencia, she said, la delincuencia, la corrupción.

Related Characters: Lupe (speaker), Francisco Cantú, José, Elizabeth Green
Page Number: 197
Explanation and Analysis:

All these years, I told her, it’s like I’ve been circling beneath a giant, my gaze fixed upon its foot resting at the ground. But now, I said, it’s like I’m starting to crane my head upward, like I’m finally seeing the thing that crushes.

Related Characters: Francisco Cantú (speaker), Cantú’s Mother, José
Page Number: 222
Explanation and Analysis:

For his family and for you, José is unique. Sure there might be thousands or millions of people in his position, but it’s because of him that their situation is no longer abstract to you. You are no longer severed from what it means to send someone back across the border. You know what’s keeping him away, what keeps him from his family. It’s something close to you, something that’s become a part of you.

Related Characters: Cantú’s Mother (speaker), Francisco Cantú, José
Page Number: 229
Explanation and Analysis:

The part of you that is capable of violence, she said, maybe you wish to be rid of it, to wash yourself of it, but it’s not that easy. […] You weren’t just observing a reality, you were participating in it. You can’t exist within a system for that long without being implicated, without absorbing its poison.

Related Characters: Cantú’s Mother (speaker), Francisco Cantú
Page Number: 231
Explanation and Analysis:
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Francisco Cantú Quotes in The Line Becomes a River

The The Line Becomes a River quotes below are all either spoken by Francisco Cantú or refer to Francisco Cantú. For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
Trauma and Emotional Detachment Theme Icon
).
Prologue Quotes

Dragonflies migrate as birds do, she told me, beating their papery wings for days on end across rolling plains, across long mountain chains, across the open sea.

Related Characters: Francisco Cantú (speaker), Cantú’s Mother
Page Number: 5
Explanation and Analysis:
Part 1 Quotes

I wondered if he thought of his body as a tool for destruction or as one of safekeeping. I wondered, too, about my body, about what sort of tool it was becoming.

Related Characters: Francisco Cantú (speaker), Robles
Page Number: 19
Explanation and Analysis:

You must understand you are stepping into a system, an institution with little regard for people.

Related Characters: Cantú’s Mother (speaker), Francisco Cantú
Page Number: 25
Explanation and Analysis:

Hay mucha desesperación, he told me, almost whispering. I tried to look at his face, but it was too dark.

Related Characters: Francisco Cantú (speaker), Morales
Page Number: 31
Explanation and Analysis:

There are days when I feel I am becoming good at what I do. And then I wonder, what does it mean to be good at this?

Related Characters: Francisco Cantú (speaker)
Page Number: 33
Explanation and Analysis:

In the course of their work along the international boundary, Emory’s surveying parties erected […] forty-seven monuments along the newly traced line from the Colorado River to the Rio Grande, asserting, for the very first time, the entirety of a boundary that had hitherto existed only on paper and in the furious minds of politicians.

Related Characters: Francisco Cantú (speaker)
Page Number: 44
Explanation and Analysis:

Outside in the parking lot, trying to gather my strength, I thought about the tears in Cole’s eyes, about Morales’s far-off gaze, about his parents huddled in the corner […] My face became hot and I could feel moisture collecting in my eyes. […] I closed my eyes and took a deep breath. I would not go back, I decided, I would not let the water gather into tears.

Related Characters: Francisco Cantú (speaker), Morales, Cole
Page Number: 67
Explanation and Analysis:

I dropped the little bird with one shot.

Related Characters: Francisco Cantú (speaker)
Related Symbols: Birds
Page Number: 75
Explanation and Analysis:
Part 2 Quotes

Saint Francis proposed a compact: in exchange for the wolf’s promise to cease its killing of livestock and townspeople, the residents of Gubbio would feed the animal every day for the rest of its life. “Thought shalt no longer suffer hunger,” he told the wolf, “as it is hunger which has made thee do so much evil.”

Related Characters: Francisco Cantú (speaker)
Related Symbols: Wolves
Page Number: 82
Explanation and Analysis:

After hanging up, I sat staring at the camera feeds on the massive screen in front of me, imagining all the bodies that I knew were out there, undiscovered under trees and in dry washes, slowly returning to the earth.

Related Characters: Francisco Cantú (speaker)
Page Number: 97
Explanation and Analysis:

I look out at the walls of the canyon and find that all beauty has drained from the landscape, that I am surrounded only by the sinister threat of violence, by faceless men and stacks of empty chests.

Related Characters: Francisco Cantú (speaker)
Page Number: 99
Explanation and Analysis:

It is difficult, of course, to conceive of such numbers in any tangible and appropriate way. The number of border deaths, just like the number of drug war homicides, or the numbers that measure the death toll of the Mexican Revolution or the War of Independence, does little to account for all the ways that violence rips and ripples through a society, through the lives and minds of its inhabitants.

Related Characters: Francisco Cantú (speaker)
Page Number: 107
Explanation and Analysis:

Antígona González asks: “What thing is the body when someone strips it of a name, a history, a family name? … When there is no face or trail or traces or signs … What thing is the body when it’s lost?”

Related Characters: Francisco Cantú (speaker)
Page Number: 115
Explanation and Analysis:

Almost as a rule, he and all the cartel men he knew and worked with were always high and drunk when carrying out their work. After killing or torturing a target, the sicario says, “I did not fully realize what I had done until two or three days later when I was finally sober. I realized how easy it was that the drugs and the world that I was in were controlling and manipulating me. I was no longer myself.”

Related Characters: Francisco Cantú (speaker)
Page Number: 124
Explanation and Analysis:

My uncle began to recount all the natural things he had been made to destroy in the years he worked as a contractor in Santa Fe. At one job site he tore down a mighty pine tree and cut it into pieces. […] It’s overwhelming sometimes, he said, to think of all the trees I’ve killed, all the scars I’ve left in the land.

Related Characters: Francisco Cantú (speaker), Cantú’s Uncle
Page Number: 128
Explanation and Analysis:

To live in the city of El Paso in those days was to hover at the edge of a crushing cruelty, to safely fill the lungs with air steeped in horror.

Related Characters: Francisco Cantú (speaker)
Page Number: 130
Explanation and Analysis:

“We must be able not only to reckon the number of deaths but to reckon with each victim as an individual.”

Related Characters: Francisco Cantú, José
Page Number: 144
Explanation and Analysis:
Part 3 Quotes

In order a begin a true reckoning with our inner situation, “we have to expose ourselves to the animal impulses of the unconscious without identifying with them and without ‘running away.’”

Related Characters: Francisco Cantú, José
Page Number: 165
Explanation and Analysis:

Mostly I arrested migrants, I confessed. People looking for a better life.

Related Characters: Francisco Cantú (speaker), José
Page Number: 172
Explanation and Analysis:

I tell you, Walter said, the Border Patrol, the marshals, it’s like they forget about kindness. I’ve almost never seen these guys express any humanity, any emotion. I don’t know how they do it. How do you come home to your kids at night when you spend your day treating other humans like dogs?

Related Characters: Walter (speaker), Francisco Cantú, José
Page Number: 188
Explanation and Analysis:

Of course he has fear. La violencia, she said, la delincuencia, la corrupción.

Related Characters: Lupe (speaker), Francisco Cantú, José, Elizabeth Green
Page Number: 197
Explanation and Analysis:

All these years, I told her, it’s like I’ve been circling beneath a giant, my gaze fixed upon its foot resting at the ground. But now, I said, it’s like I’m starting to crane my head upward, like I’m finally seeing the thing that crushes.

Related Characters: Francisco Cantú (speaker), Cantú’s Mother, José
Page Number: 222
Explanation and Analysis:

For his family and for you, José is unique. Sure there might be thousands or millions of people in his position, but it’s because of him that their situation is no longer abstract to you. You are no longer severed from what it means to send someone back across the border. You know what’s keeping him away, what keeps him from his family. It’s something close to you, something that’s become a part of you.

Related Characters: Cantú’s Mother (speaker), Francisco Cantú, José
Page Number: 229
Explanation and Analysis:

The part of you that is capable of violence, she said, maybe you wish to be rid of it, to wash yourself of it, but it’s not that easy. […] You weren’t just observing a reality, you were participating in it. You can’t exist within a system for that long without being implicated, without absorbing its poison.

Related Characters: Cantú’s Mother (speaker), Francisco Cantú
Page Number: 231
Explanation and Analysis: