The Longest Memory
by Fred D’Aguiar
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Remembering Quotes

The future is just more of the past waiting to happen. You do not want to know my past nor do you want to know my name for the simple reason that I have none and would have to make it up to please you. What my eyes say has never been true. All these years of my life are in my hands, not in these eyes or even in this head. I woke up one day […] and decided that from this day I had no name. I was just boy, mule, nigger, slave or whatever else anyone chose to call me.

Related Characters: Whitechapel (speaker), Chapel
Page Number and Citation: 1
Explanation and Analysis:
The Longest Memory opens with these lines, in which the slave Whitechapel decides to abandon his individual identity after the death of his son, Chapel. Convinced that the circumstances surrounding his son’s death prove that life on the plantation is unfair, immoral, and meaningless, Whitechapel is forced to reexamine his entire life in terms of this meaninglessness. Even though he used to believe that the master and the overseer treated him with respect, he now realizes that, throughout his life as a slave, the only thing that has mattered to the plantation staff has been his manual work (his “hands”), Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corporis. Hic tempore laborum. Nisi quia ea. Quia soluta itaque. Deleniti nisi ea

Chapter 1: Whitechapel Quotes

“My hand is not the whip son,” I said or imagined saying to him. He nodded to everything, then nothing. I had to have no name to match this look and the remainder of this life.

Related Characters: Whitechapel (speaker), Chapel
Related Symbols: Whip
Page Number and Citation: 6
Explanation and Analysis:
After Chapel receives two hundred lashes from Sanders Junior for trying to run away, his back is raw and his flesh exposed, which makes him recoil at any touch. Therefore, Whitechapel, who is gently applying balm on his son’s back, needs to reassure the young boy that he does not mean to hurt him, but that he is simply trying to help him heal. This moment gains symbolic significance, since it is Whitechapel’s decision to reveal his son’s whereabouts that led Chapel to be caught and, later, whipped to the verge of death. To convince his son that he never Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut.

Worry cut those paths in my face. I let it happen because I didn’t feel it happening and only knew it was there when someone called me Sour-face one day and I looked in the mirror for evidence and found plenty staring back at me.

What was I before this? I forget. Did I smile? Laugh out loud? Don’t recall. To laugh. What is that? I think of a donkey braying. That is like a big laugh, involuntary, involving the whole body, noisy and long and toothy.

Related Characters: Whitechapel (speaker), Chapel
Page Number and Citation: 7
Explanation and Analysis:
Whitechapel recalls discovering that he looks like a depressed, bitter old man when someone called him “Sour-face.” Putting aside Chapel’s sudden death, which has obviously caused Whitechapel to suffer, he wonders if his life has always been miserable, and he’s just now realizing it. Although there is no doubt that his son’s death has made him particularly unhappy, Whitechapel also realizes that he might never have been happy to begin with. Whitechapel’s reflection highlights the harmful psychological effects of slavery and oppression—negative, long-term effects of which Whitechapel seems to have been unaware, believing that all that mattered was mere survival. Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. V

There are two types of slave: the slave who must experience everything for himself before coming to an understanding of anything and he who learns through observation. The slave in the first category behaves as if he is the only slave in the world and is visited by the worst luck on earth. That type of slave is agitated, brings much trouble on his head and he makes the lot of every slave ten times worse. It is generally accepted that the slave in the second category is brighter, lives longer, causes everyone around him a minimum of worries and earns the small kindness of the overseer and the master.

Related Characters: Whitechapel (speaker)
Related Symbols: Paradise
Page Number and Citation: 7
Explanation and Analysis:
Whitechapel’s entire philosophy of life revolves around the acceptance of being treated as a slave. His philosophy requires accepting a collective state of subjugation (“the lot of every slave”) instead of focusing on one’s individuality (thinking as “the only slave in the world”). The process of “learning,” then, for Whitechapel, is the same as the process of submission: one must learn to stay within the confines of social status, instead of believing in progress or upward mobility. Whitechapel’s philosophy derives from experience, as he has seen that authority figures on the plantation treat obedient slaves better than rebellious ones. However, Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus po

I killed my son because I wanted him next to me when I died. Just as he had held his heavy mother weighted by death for me to listen to her last breath, he would hold my head to help my last words out.

Related Characters: Whitechapel (speaker), Chapel, Cook
Page Number and Citation: 26
Explanation and Analysis:
After Chapel’s death, Whitechapel realizes that his motives for betraying his son’s whereabouts were partially selfish: he wanted Chapel to stay by his side until Whitechapel’s death. By negotiating Chapel’s punishment with the master, Whitechapel claimed to be protecting his son’s life, but he was doing so partially out of self-interest, not necessarily with the objective of enhancing his son’s happiness. Whitechapel’s focus on family ties—here, on the act of accompanying a loved family member through their last moments—reveals that he considers family something sacred and precious that must be fought for at all costs. More than individual happiness, Whitechapel Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. T

Protector of the worst fate of your people or any people. Is that what I have become? The master of my fate. No longer in need of control or supervision. One so accustomed to his existence that he impinges on his own freedom and can be left to his own devices. A master of his own slavery. Slave and enslaver. Model slave. Self-governing slave. Thinks freedom is death. Thinks paradise is the afterlife.

Related Characters: Whitechapel (speaker), Chapel
Related Symbols: Paradise
Page Number and Citation: 27
Explanation and Analysis:
When Whitechapel realizes that, despite his best intentions, he is indirectly responsible for his son’s death, he realizes that he has behaved as an oppressor. In preventing his son from running away, he has deprived Chapel of freedom and, ultimately, led the young boy to the very death he wanted to avoid. Whitechapel’s deeply critical moment of introspection makes him realize that being an overly obedient slave is the same as being complicit in the oppressive system of slavery. He mocks his own views about freedom, noting that he has been close-minded in rejecting the possibility of running away and Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesc

Chapter 2: Mr. Whitechapel Quotes

“This inhuman display parading as discipline is a regular occurrence on these so-called ‘tightly run’ operations. I tell you all the evidence supports my belief that as a long-term measure it is a disaster. Contrary to their arguments, such rough handling provides rougher responses. The human spirit is passive in some but nature shows us that it is rebellious in most.”

Related Characters: Mr. Whitechapel (speaker), Sanders Junior, Chapel, Plantation Owners
Related Symbols: Whip
Page Number and Citation: 32
Explanation and Analysis:
After Chapel’s death, Mr. Whitechapel reproaches Sanders Junior for brutally (and disobediently) whipping Chapel to death. Mr. Whitechapel argues that, unlike many other plantation owners he knows, he does not want to use excessive brutality on his plantation. By contrast, other slave owners sometimes disguise violence through such names as “discipline” or “tightly run operations,” which are nothing more than the implementation of a state of terror on the plantation. Mr. Whitechapel does not oppose violence on the basis of respecting slaves’ dignity. Rather, his concern is exclusively for the long-term sustainability of the plantation’s economic project. His view is Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusan

“Africans may be our inferiors, but they exhibit the same qualities we possess, even if they are merely imitating us. Their management is best exemplified by an approach that treats them first and foremost as subjects of God, though blessed with lesser faculties, and therefore suited to the trade of slavery.”

Related Characters: Mr. Whitechapel (speaker), Sanders Junior, Chapel
Page Number and Citation: 32
Explanation and Analysis:
In the speech in which Mr. Whitechapel berates Sanders Junior for whipping the young slave Chapel, the master also outlines his racial beliefs, to make sure that his employee understands and respects his guidelines in the future. Mr. Whitechapel’s views on race and slavery undermine all pretense of respect that he claims to have for his slaves. Indeed, he mixes ideas of equality (“the same qualities,” “subjects of God”) with a clear embrace of inequality (“our inferiors,” “imitating us,” “lesser faculties”). This reveals that Mr. Whitechapel believes that Africans and their descendants only appear to be equal to whites, when Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit be

Chapter 3: Sanders Senior Quotes

I told my son that we are different from slaves in intelligence and human standing before God. He asked why Whitechapel could do a knot that I couldn’t do. His first joke. Not a bad one. I said doing things like that was not a proper measure of intelligence. Then he asked why they were dark and we were bright. His word “bright.”

Related Characters: Sanders Senior (speaker), Sanders Junior, Whitechapel
Page Number and Citation: 39
Explanation and Analysis:
When Sanders Junior asks his father about the reason for the differences between whites and blacks, he demonstrates an ability to think beyond rigid social boundaries of race and class. The young boy’s curiosity at people’s different skin colors suggests that he has not yet absorbed racist ideology and learned to associate people’s appearance with stereotypes about their intelligence. Instead, his initial reaction to racism is to recognize its inherent arbitrariness. The contrast between Sanders Junior’s attitude as a young boy and his later willingness, as an adult, to whip Chapel to death simply because of his status as a Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt

Chapter 4: Cook Quotes

Whitechapel saved me. The second time I had to tell someone or surely die. There was no one to tell but my husband. Whitechapel saved my life. A child not his. A pure wife no longer pure. Any other man would have thrown me away. He is no ordinary man. His master respects him.

Related Characters: Cook (speaker), Whitechapel, Sanders Senior
Page Number and Citation: 54
Explanation and Analysis:
After recalling the horrible experience of being raped by Seniors Sander, Cook explains that her husband saved her from shame and the desire to die. She invokes Whitechapel’s love as proof and also highlights his special ability to protect her from the external dangers of racism and slavery. In particular, she is impressed by Whitechapel’s capacity to subvert society’s traditional norms of behavior. His willingness to let love prevail over issues of female “purity” shows that he values interpersonal respect and trust more than his social reputation (for example, the shame of knowing that his son is not biologically his). Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et

Chapter 6: Plantation Owners Quotes

“Whitechapel, you even got a mention in The Virginian.”

“The death of one slave does not make me one of you.”

“True, Whitechapel, true, it does not; it makes you a fool.”

“And, after all you’ve said, a hypocrite too. ‘The slaves have rights as humans; they are not just tools.’”

“What about this? ‘Show them respect and they’ll work hard.’”

“‘They may be inferior but they’re people like us.’ Lost your tongue, Whitechapel?”

Related Characters: Mr. Whitechapel (speaker), Plantation Owners (speaker), Chapel
Related Symbols: Whip
Page Number and Citation: 68
Explanation and Analysis:
After Chapel’s death, which is reported in the local newspaper, The Virginian, Mr. Whitechapel’s fellow plantation owners mock him for not abiding by his professed principles, according to which slave owners should not use extreme violence against their slaves. Mr. Whitechapel tries to defend himself by arguing that this was an accidental death and that one mistake does not make him as brutal or prone to violence as his peers. However, this defense is naïve. While the plantation owners might indeed be wrong in believing that Mr. Whitechapel wanted to kill Chapel (let alone enjoyed it), they are correct in Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a de

Your policy of a judicious whip failed to save him. There is only one whip, it eats flesh.

Related Characters: Mr. Whitechapel (speaker), Chapel, Plantation Owners
Related Symbols: Whip
Page Number and Citation: 72
Explanation and Analysis:
In the middle of his heated discussion about race and slavery with fellow plantation owners, Mr. Whitechapel takes a moment to reflect on Chapel’s death. When he takes the time to confront his guilt and his feelings of responsibility, he reaches the conclusion that his views about punishment are hypocritical. Mr. Whitechapel realizes that his views are paradoxical. On the one hand, he advocates public punishment, which detracts slaves from running away. On the other hand, he wants to limit violence on the plantation in order to keep slaves from rebelling. While he used to believe that both concepts were Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaqu

“Our line of work is slaves, we can’t change the fact. We do it the way we think best serves our investment.”

“It’s not a charity.”

“We are Christians but Christianity does not equal weakness.”

“We treat our slaves with a firm hand, we’re severe in the hope that other slaves will behave well out of fear.”

Related Characters: Plantation Owners (speaker), Mr. Whitechapel
Related Symbols: Whip
Page Number and Citation: 73
Explanation and Analysis:
This conversation among plantation owners discusses the potential compatibility of Christianity with slavery. At the same time, the slave owners’ conversation reveals that any discussion about the economic profitability of slavery cannot be distinguished from a discussion of slavery’s inherent violence. While the men argue that protecting one’s investments involves taking any measure—however violent—to keep slaves from rebelling, they also reveal that slaves’ well-being should never be taken into account. Rather, what matters is the amount of fear they are able to instill in their slaves. It seems that the concept of Christianity is nothing but a nominal marker of Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit

“How could your Whitechapel watch and not intervene?”

“He lost a son in deference to authority.”

“Name your price. That slave of yours is a slaver’s dream.”

“He’s still not for sale.”

“He deserves your family name.”

“Well said indeed.”

“If he were white he’d still be rare.”

“Let’s drink a toast. To Whitechapel and to his slave.”

Related Characters: Plantation Owners (speaker), Mr. Whitechapel (speaker), Whitechapel, Chapel, Sanders Junior
Related Symbols: Whip
Page Number and Citation: 77
Explanation and Analysis:
After Mr. Whitechapel reveals the parentage between Chapel and Sanders Junior, the plantation owners are surprised that Whitechapel did not intervene to protect his son. The men’s amazement at Whitechapel’s inaction reveals that, despite their claims that slaves are not fully human and should be treated as impersonal economic assets, they know that slaves do have strong ties to their families, as well as feelings of loyalty and pain that can be strong enough to make them rebel against authority. In other words, despite plantation owners’ claims of racial inferiority, they do expect slaves to behave as normal human beings Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corporis

Chapter 8: Cook Quotes

You would hold up your glorious life as an example of the slave who has done all the proper things to survive and earn the respect of the master and overseer.

I can hear you, my husband. Your voice is strong and clear but without the strength and clarity of the voice of my son as he lifts word after word from the pages of a book.

Related Characters: Cook (speaker), Lydia, Whitechapel, Chapel
Page Number and Citation: 86
Explanation and Analysis:
After Cook discovers that Chapel is taking part in an illicit activity (reading) with the master’s daughter, Lydia, she wonders whether or not she should reveal this information to her husband. However, Cook concludes that both her husband and her son’s differing conceptions of life are valid, and that she does not want to force her son to abandon his noble pursuits. While Whitechapel has worked all his life to receive respect from authority and has succeeded in living a long life, this has forced him to remain inferior to them and to accept this inferiority as a tool for Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corporis. Hic tempore laborum. Nisi q

Chapter 9: Lydia Quotes

“By teaching little Whitechapel to read and write when he can never use it you have done him the gravest injustice.” I want to reply that a law which says a slave should not read and write is unjust. But I look at my feet and nod when he enquires whether I have heard every word. He said it might be possible in the future. I look up at him and, as if to dash my hopes of a future when Chapel and I could sit and read together, he adds, in the next century, perhaps.

Related Characters: Lydia (speaker), Mr. Whitechapel (speaker), Chapel
Page Number and Citation: 88
Explanation and Analysis:
After Mr. Whitechapel discovers that Lydia was teaching Chapel to read, he scolds his daughter sharply for her actions, arguing that they are harmful to Chapel’s well-being. Mr. Whitechapel’s conception of justice relies on pragmatic considerations, such as the senselessness of slave literacy in an economic system where slaves’ sole purpose is to perform manual labor. Mr. Whitechapel’s understanding of morality thus exists only within the system of slavery itself. By contrast, Lydia is able to conceive of morality outside of slavery, which leads her to question the very morality of slavery itself. She does not see slaves as inferior Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tene

Chapter 11: The Virginian Quotes

Young, nubile female slaves are a temptation to us all, but one that should be religiously avoided. […] If these female slaves are used in this way they engender bitterness in a house between the overseer and his wife or the master and his wife. The slave may even become aware of this influence and exploit it to her own advantage. I therefore argue for restraint.

Related Characters: Editor of The Virginian (speaker), Cook, Sanders Senior
Page Number and Citation: 110
Explanation and Analysis:
The editor of The Virginian addresses the issue of sexual relations between plantation authorities and slaves. However, his opinion is concerned neither with questions of morality, nor with slaves’ dignity and respect. Rather, the editor assumes that female slaves are mere objects (“a temptation,” and something that can be “used”) whose perception about what happens to them is irrelevant. The only consequences worth examining, in the editor’s mind, are the effects that rape may have on the authority figure’s life—that is, on the life of the perpetrator himself. The editor’s seemingly moderate, reasonable approach (which encourages “restraint”) thus exposes the Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corporis. Hic tempore laborum. Nisi quia ea. Quia soluta itaque

Chapter 12: Great Granddaughter Quotes

He never talked about Africa. It was his view, I found out later, that such talk promoted day dreams and insolence on the plantation. He said Africa was his past and not ours. If anyone had the right to dream about it, he did and he chose not to, so why should anyone else.

Related Characters: Whitechapel’s Great-Granddaughter (speaker), Whitechapel
Related Symbols: Paradise
Page Number and Citation: 125
Explanation and Analysis:
After Whitechapel’s great granddaughter tells him about a dream she had about Africa, Whitechapel reacts in an irritated way and scolds her for talking about something she knows nothing about. Whitechapel’s perspective on Africa echoes his views about freedom and “paradise.” He considers that dreaming about something that slaves have never experienced will only lead them to want to escape their present condition. Averse to the possibility of rebellion, Whitechapel prefers to remain focused on the present and to think of pragmatic ways to make life more bearable, through cooperation with the authorities on the plantation. Whitechapel’s views reveal his Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corpor

Chapter 13: Sanders Junior Quotes

“I couldn’t strike you. You showed me how to run things. My father spoke highly of you. You were a better overseer than I. There I was, thinking I was the first one to rise in the morning, setting an example for everyone, and you were out here even before me. Always first and last in everything. I am sorry about your son. Not my brother. I knew him only as the son of a slave. He was trouble from the day he talked. He not only asked questions but when you gave him an answer he was never satisfied. He always asked why: Why this? Why that?”

Related Characters: Sanders Junior (speaker), Whitechapel, Chapel
Related Symbols: Whip
Page Number and Citation: 130
Explanation and Analysis:
After Whitechapel’s death, Sanders Junior begins an imaginary dialogue with the slave Whitechapel, in which the overseer seeks to explain two of his violent actions: slapping Whitechapel and whipping Chapel. In a confused way, the overseer realizes that there is a difference between professional codes of conduct, according to which he should punish rebellious slaves on the plantation, and moral validity (“I couldn’t strike you”), according to which he should not have hit Whitechapel, who has played such a positive role in his life. This moment of moral reflection, though, is fleeting and disappears as soon as the overseer considers Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate

Forgetting Quotes

“Shall I tell you about your blood? That two races are distributed evenly in it? Shall I help you prepare for a life elsewhere? Where? This is the only place I know. Maybe I am wrong, I wonder to myself as I see myself doing it, wrong to tell the master that my son is gone and say I want him back under my guidance and protection. Then I ask myself, after I see the entire scene, what guidance? What protection?”

Related Characters: Whitechapel (speaker), Chapel
Page Number and Citation: 136
Explanation and Analysis:
In an imaginary dialogue with Chapel, Whitechapel describes his son’s personality in racial terms. He argues that it is the “white” part of Chapel’s blood that led him to seek freedom (and become “the master of your own destiny”), whereas Chapel’s “black” blood condemned him to be a slave. Whitechapel’s deterministic association of blackness with slavery keeps him from questioning whether this association is even fair. Instead, he simply accepts society’s status quo, according to which people’s role and value is determined by their skin color. This shows the extent to which Whitechapel has internalized society’s racism, as he has Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis.
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