The Mirror & the Light

The Mirror & the Light

by

Hilary Mantel

The Mirror & the Light: Part 3, Chapter 2: Pages 391-409 Summary & Analysis

Summary
Analysis
King Henry goes to the first sitting for the portrait that Hans is painting. Henry is dressed in so much finery that he has trouble walking. While Henry is sitting for the portrait, he discusses political matters with Cromwell. Representatives in Ireland have requested that Cromwell spend a few months with them there, but Henry says that Cromwell shouldn’t go because he’s afraid Cromwell might be murdered while he's there. They also discuss Lord Lisle and Lady Lisle and how long it might be before Lady Lisle gives birth. Eventually, Jane Seymour arrives and joins Henry in the portrait, though she is a much less enthusiastic subject than Henry.
The painting that King Henry sits for is intended to display an air of sophisticated strength and vitality, as evidenced by the finery that Henry wears for the sitting. Jane Seymour’s lack of enthusiasm about the portrait contrasts with Henry’s eagerness and serves to underscore Henry’s narcissism in comparison to Jane Seymour’s more unassuming attitude. Henry’s comments that Cromwell shouldn’t travel to Ireland lest he be murdered shows once more that many consider Cromwell to be a kind of villain, and he is so reviled by some that he seems to be in semi-constant danger. 
Themes
Loyalty, Volatility, and Absolute Power Theme Icon
Corruption and Injustice Theme Icon
All around Europe, people know that Queen Jane Seymour is expecting a child. While the Seymour family is basking in the good news, Cromwell approaches Edward Seymour and suggests that Gregory should marry Bess Oughtred, Edward Seymour’s sister. Edward Seymour is at first reluctant because he thinks Bess Oughtred could marry someone of higher rank, but Cromwell eventually convinces him by promising the Seymours a significant sum of money and a new house for Bess Oughtred. Cromwell then tells Gregory that he has found a wife for him but doesn’t say who it is. Afterward, Cromwell asks John Husee about Lady Lisle, who is past her due date. Husee says her doctors have advised her to be patient.
Cromwell’s conversation with Edward Seymour about Gregory marrying Bess Oughtred encapsulates the contrast between Cromwell’s newly granted status, gained through meritocracy, and the status of most of the people in his milieu, which comes from hereditary aristocracy. In this case, Cromwell essentially uses the money and material goods gained from his success to try and buy his family’s way into something resembling aristocratic status by marrying Gregory to Queen Jane Seymour’s sister, Bess Oughtred.
Themes
Nobility, Meritocracy, and the Aristocracy Theme Icon
Masculinity and Misogyny Theme Icon
Later, Cromwell goes to see Mary. The Emperor has sent another ambassador to assist Chapuys with the goal of convincing Mary to marry the brother of the Portuguese King. The second ambassador is named Don Diego de Mendoza. Mendoza and Chapuys have brought gifts with them, gifts so large they’re carried by mule. Mendoza asks for a private meeting with Mary. While the two talk behind closed doors, Cromwell and Chapuys speak outside. Chapuys says that King Henry must be anxious about Jane Seymour’s pregnancy, considering the past issues he has faced. Cromwell says there’s been no reason to worry. He then says that Aske, the leader of the rebellion, implicated Chapuys in the rebellion. Cromwell says he has three letters that could be used as evidence. Chapuys says he protests what Cromwell is saying, but he doesn’t deny it outright.
The Emperor shows how serious he is about Mary potentially marrying the brother of the Portuguese King when he sends reinforcements to England to try and make the match. Notably, Cromwell has already said that he won’t push the marriage forward, and Mary also seems opposed to it, so it seems unlikely that it will occur. That raises the question of whether the Emperor may have ulterior motives for sending a second ambassador to see Mary. Cromwell and Chapuys’s conversation further reveals the complicated nature of their friendship. While Cromwell levels serious allegations against Chapuys, the tone of the conversation seems to remain friendly, almost as if, when talking politics, the two are playing a game together, and they both understand the rules of that game.
Themes
Loyalty, Volatility, and Absolute Power Theme Icon
Nobility, Meritocracy, and the Aristocracy Theme Icon
Risk, Progress, and Downfall Theme Icon
Cromwell opens the door where Mendoza and Mary are talking and sees a large, green parrot, which Mendoza brought as a gift. Mary thanks Mendoza, and Mendoza leaves. Mary tells Cromwell that Mendoza asked her if she had been sincere when she publicly declared that her father was the rightful head of the church and that he and her mother, Katherine of Aragon, were never legally married. Mary says that she told Mendoza that she meant everything she said. Cromwell brings up Mary’s attempts to privately secure a pardon from the Pope, and Mary is surprised. She hadn’t known Cromwell knew about that. Cromwell then asks for the letter that Mendoza gave her. Mary hands him a letter, and Cromwell says he wants the other letter. Mary hesitates for a moment but then takes another letter, which she hasn’t yet had time to read, from between the pages of a book.
Cromwell’s conversation with Mary suggests that the Emperor may in fact have had ulterior motives in sending a second ambassador to see Mary. Namely, the Emperor seems to be trying to undo Mary’s public statement of allegiance to her father. The Emperor seems to hope that if Mary disavowed her allegiance to her father, the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor might be able to gain more traction in England through Mary’s opposition to the king and through her support of the Pope. The Emperor’s plan goes so far as to have Mendoza pass a letter to Mary in secret. However, Mary doesn’t seem to go along with the plan and instead reiterates her loyalty to King Henry.
Themes
Loyalty, Volatility, and Absolute Power Theme Icon
Risk, Progress, and Downfall Theme Icon
Quotes
Get the entire The Mirror & the Light LitChart as a printable PDF.
The Mirror & the Light PDF
 During the second portraiture session, King Henry seems visibly ill when he walks in. He has difficulty walking, and his face seems puffy. Cromwell knows Henry wouldn’t want any information about him being sick to be public, so he doesn’t say anything. Henry tries to put on a brave face, but at one point, he loses his footing and almost faints. Cromwell helps hold Henry up and brings him to a chair. Henry has been struggling for months, and they’re just now seeing the toll become visible. Henry dismisses Hans. Someone says that they must keep news about the king’s illness private, but Cromwell knows that won’t be possible.
While King Henry attempts to use Hans’s painting to show the world that he is strong and vital, Henry is in fact so ill with a long-term sickness that he can barely stand up. That contrast between the image the king wants to portray of himself and who he actually is shows the king’s narcissism and vanity. The king persistently looks for ways to burnish his ego and is more than willing to avoid looking at the truth head-on so that his egotistical image of himself can stay intact.
Themes
Masculinity and Misogyny Theme Icon