The Natural

by

Bernard Malamud

Teachers and parents! Our Teacher Edition on The Natural makes teaching easy.

The Natural: Batter Up! Part 3 Summary & Analysis

Summary
Analysis
Bump dies in the hospital, and Memo becomes “wild with grief,” dreaming of his dead body and crying non-stop. Pop, who finds her in her bed, is frightened and tries to send her to a doctor, but she refuses. In dreams, she kisses Bump’s corpse, and his “mouthless mouth” blows back “the breath of life;” her womb “stirs” at the image. Yet Memo also dreams about his body in a “dark corridor,” gripping the “glowing ball” he caught before hitting the wall; she begins to think of him as dead instead of alive, though she continues to see his “shade.” Eventually, Memo drags herself out of bed and looks through souvenirs that remind her of him: an autographed baseball, an old kewpie doll he had won for her, and pictures of him as a player.
Though Memo and Bump’s relationship was rocky, to say the least, after his death she is unable to forget him: he remains a kind of icon, suggesting his own mythical status as a player and an individual. Ironically, though, Bump had many faults. Malamud seems to be commenting on the American public’s tendency to overstate the greatness of sports heroes (who are ultimately as flawed as any other individual). Additionally, it is briefly noted that Bump won a kewpie doll for Memo, just as the Whammer won a similar doll for Harriet during the carnival. Bump’s similarity to the Whammer—who is also defeated by Hobbs—is thus emphasized; Malamud also hints subtly at Memo’s similarity to Harriet, foreshadowing Memo’s later treacherous behavior.
Themes
Ambition, Failure, and the American Dream Theme Icon
Mythology, Heroism, and Stardom Theme Icon
Femininity, Stereotypes, and Destruction Theme Icon
Quotes
Among these souvenirs, Memo finds pictures of her parents, now deceased; her father’s picture is torn up and reminds her of her own “heartbreak,” since he “had not been truly hers when he died,” and her mother’s image is “sadeyed.” When it becomes too hot to stay in her room in July, she comes down to the hotel lobby; her hair has turned a “lighter, golden shade,” “as though some of the fire had burned out of it.”
As with Harriet, Malamud provides just a few details about Memo’s past and emotional instability; it is noted that Memo’s father was unfaithful to her mother, suggesting that Memo’s own callous behavior toward men is a result of this betrayal. Despite Memo’s cruelty and aloofness, though, she is still tied to men: her grief over Bump literally changes her physical appearance, demonstrating that even as she holds power over Bump and Hobbs, her identity is also dependent on them—as Harriet’s is, too, as a murderer of male athletes. Female characters in the novel seem one-dimensional in part because their relationships to male characters make up their identities.
Themes
Femininity, Stereotypes, and Destruction Theme Icon
Hobbs is still struck by Memo, whom he sees from time to time in the Midtown Hotel lobby, where they have both continued to stay: he believes that she wants to be with him, despite her grief for Bump, and hopes that he will have a chance with her once she has stopped mourning. He begins to send her gifts, which she returns to him. Soon, however, she begins to wear white instead of black, and she sometimes glances at Hobbs when he looks at her as she passes in the hotel lobby. Eventually, her “dislike of him” fades.
Hobbs’s obsession with Memo deepens, though this seems misguided: it is clear that Memo’s interest in Hobbs might not be genuine, but motivated by her own desire to regain the status she had as Bump’s girlfriend (and a beneficiary of his fame and wealth).
Themes
Femininity, Stereotypes, and Destruction Theme Icon
Not long after Bump’s funeral, Pop tells Hobbs not to worry about what happened to Bump, and Hobbs says that he has never felt guilty about the incident—though some say that if Hobbs hadn’t joined the team, Bump wouldn’t have died. Hobbs reflects that he only once wished for Bump to die—after his accidental night with Memo—and he tells Pop to tell Memo that Bump’s death wasn’t his doing.
Hobbs feels no guilt or sadness about Bump’s death, since it has provided him with an opportunity to become the Knights’ star. As Hobbs gains stature on the team, he becomes more cynical and self-centered, and his ambition begins to prove harmful: it prevents him from growing as an individual.
Themes
Ambition, Failure, and the American Dream Theme Icon
Get the entire The Natural LitChart as a printable PDF.
The Natural PDF
Nonetheless, Bump weighs heavy on Hobbs’s mind, and he constantly compares his own performance to Bump’s, even as fans begin to praise him. The crowds make “no attempt to separate his identity from Bump’s;” whenever Hobbs makes a “hot catch,” he hears praise for Bump—“Nice work, Bumpsy”—and feels frustrated. Even Otto Zipp uses his honker to applaud him, as he did for Bump. The newspapers compare Bump and Hobbs for their batting averages, statistics, and even their measurements and stances.
In the public’s eye, Hobbs has replaced Bump, again demonstrating the cycle of success that characterizes Malamud’s depiction of baseball: players burn out or even die and are easily replaced, creating a system in which no player is capable of anything more than temporary success. 
Themes
Ambition, Failure, and the American Dream Theme Icon
Baseball and American Vice Theme Icon
One day, Hobbs notices Memo walk into the lobby of the Midtown Hotel with a newspaper turned to the sports page. He realizes that she has been reading articles that compare Bump with Hobbs, and he begins to feel that the comparisons might be useful—that she might want to initiate a relationship with him because of his similarities to Bump. He begins to play for her, using Wonderboy—which flashes gold in the sun, sometimes warranting complaints from pitchers blinded by its glare. (Hobbs rubs some of the shine off with a hambone, but the bat continues to appear brilliant.) Hobbs performs admirably, yet he does not feel satisfied by his accomplishments: only winning Memo, it seems, will bring him true satisfaction.
Wonderboy’s golden sheen evokes its status as an item of mythical import, again demonstrating Malamud’s tendency to include elements of fantasy in the novel: Wonderboy seems to have power of its own, since Hobbs’s efforts to temper its noticeable intensity fall short. Thus, it seems possible that Hobbs’s abilities are not entirely his own, but the result of powers outside of himself—which may make his eventual decline inevitable.
Themes
Ambition, Failure, and the American Dream Theme Icon
Mythology, Heroism, and Stardom Theme Icon
Pop and the Knights believe that Hobbs has “beginner’s luck,” and Hobbs becomes a controversial figure: he does not interact with the team frequently, yet his talents are useful to the Knights, which begin to work their way up the pennant, defeating higher-ranking teams, “like a rusty locomotive pulling out of the roundhouse for the first time in years.”
Though Hobbs helps inspire the Knights’ success (Malamud uses the metaphor of a train, usually associated with Hobbs’s own boundless drive, to explain the Knights’ progress), he also alienates himself from the team by putting his own independence first. Though baseball is a team sport, Hobbs’s single-minded pursuit of his own goals defeats the purpose of any team cooperation.
Themes
Ambition, Failure, and the American Dream Theme Icon
Judge Banner looks down on the crowds from his office in the tower he inhabits, positioned above the main entrance of the ball park; at first, he feels uneasy about the team’s success, since he believes that their winning streak will make it more difficult for him to push Pop out of his job. Eventually, though, he provides more funds for stadium upkeep, motivated by the wealth to be gained by an increase in game attendance.
The position of Banner’s office—directly above the ball park—indicates the power he holds over the Knights, whose fate as a team is firmly under his control. Banner is the corrupt manager who has made it difficult for the team to succeed, demonstrating the prevalence of self-interested, egotistical actors in baseball and, by extension, American society. Though Banner is hidden away from the public in his tower office, his actions make American baseball the dishonest sport it actually is, underneath its glamorous promises of celebrity and thrilling feats of sportsmanship.
Themes
Baseball and American Vice Theme Icon
New fans visit the team to offer support for the Knights, jeering their opponents (though an old fan, Otto Zipp, does not return, for some unknown reason). The weather clears up around the Knights’ field, and Pop’s hands heal; cheerful and calm, he begins to treat his players with more gentleness, patience, and respect. Bump is gradually forgotten, and Hobbs becomes a celebrity in his own right, though he refuses to divulge any details of his background to the newspapers. Nonetheless, Memo still rebuffs Hobbs’s advances, even when he approaches her at the hotel and admits his feelings for her.
Again, though Hobbs seems to be quickly gaining status as a player—helping to redeem the Knights and Pop, still in keeping with the Fisher King legend (Pop’s hands are healing, physically demonstrating that Hobbs has lifted the jinx)—this status is continually challenged: that Otto Zipp, one of the Knights’ most loyal fans, refuses to appear at the games demonstrates that Hobbs is still not afforded the respect that Bump (Zipp’s preferred player) had. Moreover, Hobbs is still plagued by questions about his past, which keep him from moving forward with his life, and Memo continues to treat him coldly, distracting him from his goals.
Themes
Ambition, Failure, and the American Dream Theme Icon
Mythology, Heroism, and Stardom Theme Icon
Quotes
Hobbs realizes that he needs to earn more money to attract Memo’s attention. A newspaper columnist writes an open letter to Judge Banner demanding that Hobbs’s salary be raised, given his popularity, and Hobbs goes to negotiate with Banner, a “massive rumpled figure” smoking a cigar, whose office is extravagant despite his own cheap tendencies as a manager. It is rumored that the Judge never leaves the office, and no photographer has ever entered the room. A motto on the wall reads, “All is not gold that glitters,” among other phrases, and the floor is slanted, forcing visitors to sit down rather than stand. Hobbs has been warned about the Judge by Pop, who tells Hobbs that the Judge took advantage of Pop’s financial troubles to buy shares of the team—and that Banner has been making deals that harm the team but benefit him, profit-wise.
Banner is an archetypal villain: treacherous and aloof, with an office that puts its visitors in a subservient position—forcing them to sit before Banner. The Judge’s identity contradicts his status as an arbiter of the law, despite the moral axioms he displays on his wall. By introducing a character who wreaks havoc on a central part of American culture (baseball) yet purports to be a part of the American legal system (and thus judicious and fair by nature), Malamud suggests that American society is undermined by those tasked to defend it—and that corruption runs deep.
Themes
Baseball and American Vice Theme Icon
Banner was “impoverished” before he became a judge, and he uses his power in New York City to run sideline activities. Hobbs asks Banner for forty-five thousand dollars a year, and Banner responds by telling Hobbs the story of “Olaf Jespersen,” a farmer he knew from childhood, who traded a beloved cow, Sieglinde, for another cow from a neighbor. Sieglinde collapses on the way to the trade, and Olaf suffers a heart attack from shock; the cow recovers, but Olaf never does, becoming a “doddering cripple.” The moral of the story is to “be satisfied with what you have,” but Hobbs pushes back on Banner’s moralizing. He drops his price to thirty-five thousand, put off by Banner’s insistence on negotiating in the dark—he blows out a match casting light, noting that he prefers a “dark to a lit room”—and his discourses on good and evil.
Banner’s moralizing—including the story of Olaf Jespersen and Sieglinde—is at odds with his own corrupt practices, and by negotiating in the dark, he puts Hobbs at a disadvantage, confusing and disorienting him in order to prevent him from getting his way (the salary he desires).
Themes
Baseball and American Vice Theme Icon
Quotes
Hobbs drops his price to twenty-five thousand; in the dark, he isn’t sure that Banner is “there anymore” but then realizes that he can “smell him,” and that Banner would still be in his office if Hobbs came back later. Banner refuses the proposal, criticizing Hobbs’s tendency to bet on horse races, and dropping a pamphlet about “The Curse of Venereal Disease” onto his desk. When Hobbs drops his price again, to fifteen thousand, Banner asks him to fulfill the obligations of his contract and charges Hobbs for the destruction of his uniform earlier in the season. Hobbs refuses to pay the bill—ripping it and the pamphlet up—and leaves Banner’s office.
Again, Banner’s villainous behavior is on full display: like evil itself, he is stealthy and  insidious, and his presence thus impacts Hobbs even when Hobbs cannot see him in the dark (he smells him instead). Banner’s pamphlet about the “curse of venereal disease” could be seen as a reference to Hobbs’s own lifestyle—his obsession with women and sex—and therefore further reinforces Banner’s role as a representative of American vice. He is able to understand his players’ darkest secrets and use them to his advantage, gathering harmful information about Hobbs.
Themes
Baseball and American Vice Theme Icon
Femininity, Stereotypes, and Destruction Theme Icon
Mercy confronts Hobbs as he leaves Banner’s office, but Hobbs refuses to tell him anything about his background, even after Mercy offers him five thousand dollars in cash for articles about his past life. Max convinces Hobbs to come with him to a night club; on the way, he mentions that he thinks he has seen Hobbs before, but Hobbs deflects. At the night club, where “half-naked girls” are “chased by masked devils with tin pitchforks,” Mercy and Hobbs meet with a bookie with a glass eye, Gus Sands, who has come to the club with Memo. Hobbs dislikes Sands immediately, feeling that he “belongs in the dark with the Judge.”
Mercy’s questions continue to drag Hobbs away from his career in the present and back toward the troubles of his past: Hobbs is unable to transcend his background, even as he attempts to throw Mercy (another ironic name, since Max shows Hobbs no “mercy” at all) off his trail. Additionally, Hobbs’s encounter in the nightclub with Sands thrusts him deeper into the vice-ridden underbelly of baseball, which he just encountered in Banner’s office. The presence of “half-naked girls” chased by “masked devils” could also be seen as an allusion to Hobbs’s own behavior (his pursuit of Memo) as he descends into the chaos of an immoral, decadent lifestyle—one filled with partying, drinking, gambling, and chasing women.
Themes
Ambition, Failure, and the American Dream Theme Icon
Baseball and American Vice Theme Icon
Femininity, Stereotypes, and Destruction Theme Icon
Sands describes his betting strategies—he bets “on anybody or anything”—and makes a bet with Hobbs that he will get four hits in the next game. Hobbs and Sands also bet about the names of drinks being served across the bar, and Gus guesses correctly; Hobbs loses, to his dismay, since he is hoping to impress Memo. Gus loses another bet, about how much money Roy has in his wallet, but wins the next one—about a number Roy is thinking of. Ultimately, Hobbs owes Gus six hundred dollars.
Hobbs loses Gus’s bet, the first of many losses to come: clearly, Hobbs is out of his depth, spiraling toward debauchery in an attempt to earn Memo’s attention. Hobbs’s strong performance on the baseball field is undermined by his behavior off the field.
Themes
Ambition, Failure, and the American Dream Theme Icon
Hobbs promises to get the money for Sands and comes back to the table with a white tablecloth, which turns different colors, and puts it over Gus’s head. He grabs Gus’s nose and pulls it, and silver dollars fall out of the cloth; Hobbs then pulls a dead herring out of Max’s face and a duck egg from Memo’s bosom, among other items (a long salami, more silver, a white bunny, a pig’s tail). Memo laughs uproariously, and Max records the events in his black notebook; Gus’s one eye looks around “for a way out.”
Again, Malamud injects fantastical elements into this scene, suggesting that Hobbs might have the same kind of magical powers that Wonderboy possesses. Later, though, it is revealed that Hobbs was having fun with a magic kit left beyond by a nightclub performer. Nonetheless, this episode emphasizes Hobbs’s abilities as a performer —the baseball field is a kind of theater as well, especially given Malamud’s descriptions of the sport as a spectacle.
Themes
Ambition, Failure, and the American Dream Theme Icon
Mythology, Heroism, and Stardom Theme Icon