The Nickel Boys

by Colson Whitehead

Elwood Curtis Character Analysis

Elwood Curtis is a teenage black boy living in Florida in the early 1960s, and the protagonist of The Nickel Boys. A determined young man, Elwood lives with his grandmother, who takes him with her to the hotel where she works. While she’s cleaning the rooms, Elwood spends his time in the kitchen, peering out at the hotel’s dining room and imagining what it would be like to see a black person sitting at one of the tables. Elwood is particularly interested in the Civil Rights Movement because the only record he owns is a recording of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. speaking at the Zion Hill Baptist Church in Los Angeles. During high school, Elwood works at Mr. Marconi’s cigar shop and reads magazines about the Civil Rights Movement, which is why he ends up admiring his new history teacher, Mr. Hill, who is an activist. Recognizing Elwood’s impressive determination, Mr. Hill helps him enroll in college classes, which he plans to take while finishing high school. On his way to his first class, though, he hitchhikes with a man who—unbeknownst to him—stole a car. Consequently, Elwood is arrested and sent to Nickel Academy, a reform school. At Nickel, it doesn’t take long before Elwood experiences the wrath of Spencer, the school’s superintendent, who brutally whips him for trying to break up a fight. This experience sends him to the infirmary, where his new friend, Turner, tells him that the safest way to get through Nickel is to simply keep to oneself, focusing only on earning enough merit points to “graduate.” Elwood initially decides to follow this advice, but when he hears that government inspectors will be visiting the school, he writes a letter to them outlining the institution’s egregious practices. Turner is against this idea but ultimately helps Elwood carry it out. That night, Spencer takes Elwood from his bed and beats him before putting him in solitary confinement. Several days later, Turner hears that Spencer is going to kill Elwood, so he helps him escape, but Elwood is shot and killed in the process.

Elwood Curtis Quotes in The Nickel Boys

The The Nickel Boys quotes below are all either spoken by Elwood Curtis or refer to Elwood Curtis. For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
Trauma and Repression Theme Icon
).

Prologue Quotes

Together they performed their own phantom archaeology, digging through decades and restoring to human eyes the shards and artifacts of those days. Each man with his own pieces. He used to say, I’ll pay you a visit later. The wobbly stairs to the schoolhouse basement. The blood squished between my toes in my tennis shoes. Reassembling those fragments into confirmation of a shared darkness: If it is true for you, it is true for someone else, and you are no longer alone.

Related Characters: Jack Turner , Elwood Curtis
Related Literary Devices:
Page Number and Citation: 6
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter Two Quotes

The morning after the decision, the sun rose and everything looked the same. Elwood asked his grandmother when Negroes were going to start staying at the Richmond, and she said it’s one thing to tell someone to do what’s right and another thing for them to do it. She listed some of his behavior as proof and Elwood nodded: Maybe so. Sooner or later, though, the door would swing wide to reveal a brown face—a dapper businessman in Tallahassee for business or a fancy lady in town to see the sights—enjoying the fine-smelling fare the cooks put out. He was sure of it.

Related Characters: Jack Turner , Harriet (Elwood’s Grandmother), Elwood Curtis
Page Number and Citation: 18
Explanation and Analysis:

From time to time it appeared that he had no goddamned sense. He couldn’t explain it, even to himself, until At Zion Hill gave him a language. We must believe in our souls that we are somebody, that we are significant, that we are worthful, and we must walk the streets of life every day with this sense of dignity and this sense of somebody-ness. The record went around and around […]. Elwood bent to a code—Dr. King gave that code shape, articulation, and meaning. There are big forces that want to keep the Negro down, like Jim Crow, and there are small forces that want to keep you down, like other people, and in the face of all those things, the big ones and the smaller ones, you have to stand up straight and maintain your sense of who you are.

Related Characters: Elwood Curtis, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
Related Symbols: Martin Luther King At Zion Hill
Page Number and Citation: 27
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter Three Quotes

He hadn’t marched on the Florida Theatre in defense of his rights or those of the black race of which he was a part; he had marched for everyone’s rights, even those who shouted him down. My struggle is your struggle, your burden is my burden.

Related Characters: Elwood Curtis, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
Related Symbols: Martin Luther King At Zion Hill
Page Number and Citation: 37
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter Five Quotes

Academic performance had no bearing on one’s progress to graduation, Desmond explained. Teachers didn’t take attendance or hand out grades. The clever kids worked on their merits. Enough merits and you could get an early release for good behavior. Work, comportment, demonstrations of compliance or docility, however—these things counted toward your ranking and were never far from Desmond’s attention. He had to get home.

Related Characters: Desmond, Elwood Curtis
Page Number and Citation: 58
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter Six Quotes

Corey got around seventy—Elwood lost his place a few times—and it didn’t make sense, why did the bullies get less than the bullied? Now he had no idea what he was in for. It didn’t make sense. Maybe they lost count, too. Maybe there was no system at all to the violence and no one, not the keepers nor the kept, knew what happened or why.

Related Characters: Earl, Lonnie, Black Mike, Corey, Elwood Curtis, Maynard Spencer
Page Number and Citation: 68
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter Seven Quotes

“It’s not like the old days,” Elwood said. “We can stand up for ourselves.”

“That shit barely works out there—what do you think it’s going to do in here?”

“You say that because there’s no one else out there sticking up for you.”

“That’s true,” Turner said. “That doesn’t mean I can’t see how it works. Maybe I see things more clearly because of it. […] The key to in here is the same as surviving out there—you got to see how people act, and then you got to figure out how to get around them like an obstacle course. If you want to walk out of here.”

Related Characters: Harriet (Elwood’s Grandmother), Jack Turner , Elwood Curtis
Related Literary Devices:
Page Number and Citation: 82
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter Ten Quotes

The blinders Elwood wore, walking around. The law was one thing—you can march and wave signs around and change a law if you convinced enough white people. In Tampa, Turner saw the college kids with their nice shirts and ties sit in at the Woolworths. He had to work, but they were out protesting. And it happened—they opened the counter. Turner didn’t have the money to eat there either way. You can change the law but you can’t change people and how they treat each other. Nickel was racist as hell—half the people who worked here probably dressed up like the Klan on weekends—but the way Turner saw it, wickedness went deeper than skin color. It was Spencer. It was Spencer and it was Griff and it was all the parents who let their children wind up here. It was people.

Which is why Turner brought Elwood out to the two trees. To show him something that wasn’t in books.

Related Characters: Jack Turner , Elwood Curtis, Maynard Spencer, Griff
Page Number and Citation: 105
Explanation and Analysis:

Elwood frowned in disdain at the whole performance, which made Turner smile. The fight was as rigged and rotten as the dishwashing races he’d told Turner about, another gear in the machine that kept black folks down. Turner enjoyed his friend’s new bend toward cynicism, even as he found himself swayed by the magic of the big fight. Seeing Griff, their enemy and champion, put a hurting on that white boy made a fellow feel all right. In spite of himself. Now that the third and final round was upon them, he wanted to hold on to that feeling. It was real—in their blood and minds—even if it was a lie.

Related Characters: Elwood Curtis, Jack Turner , Griff, Big Chet, Maynard Spencer
Page Number and Citation: 112
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter Twelve Quotes

It wasn’t Spencer that undid him, or a supervisor or a new antagonist […], rather it was that he’d stopped fighting. In keeping his head down, in his careful navigation so that he made it to lights-out without mishap, he fooled himself that he had prevailed. That he had outwitted Nickel because he got along and kept out of trouble. In fact he had been ruined. He was like one of those Negroes Dr. King spoke of in his letter from jail, so complacent and sleepy after years of oppression that they had adjusted to it and learned to sleep in it as their only bed.

Related Characters: Elwood Curtis, Maynard Spencer, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Jack Turner
Page Number and Citation: 154
Explanation and Analysis:

Chickie Pete and his trumpet. He might have played professionally, why not? A session man in a funk band, or an orchestra. If things had been different. The boys could have been many things had they not been ruined by that place. Doctors who cure diseases or perform brain surgery, inventing shit that saves lives. Run for president. All those lost geniuses—sure not all of them were geniuses, Chickie Pete for example was not solving special relativity—but they had been denied even the simple pleasure of being ordinary. Hobbled and handicapped before the race even began, never figuring out how to be normal.

Related Characters: Elwood Curtis, Chickie Pete, Jack Turner
Page Number and Citation: 166
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter Thirteen Quotes

It was funny, how much he had liked the idea of his Great Escape making the rounds of the school. Pissing off the staff when they heard the boys talking about it. He thought this city was a good place for him because nobody knew him—and he liked the contradiction that the one place that did know him was the one place he didn’t want to be. It tied him to all those other people who come to New York, running away from hometowns and worse. But even Nickel had forgotten his story.

Related Characters: Chickie Pete, Elwood Curtis, Jack Turner
Page Number and Citation: 168
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter Fourteen Quotes

But be ye assured that we will wear you down by our capacity to suffer, and one day we will win our freedom.

The capacity to suffer. Elwood—all the Nickel boys—existed in the capacity. Breathed in it, ate in it, dreamed in it. That was their lives now. Otherwise they would have perished. The beatings, the rapes, the unrelenting winnowing of themselves. They endured. But to love those who would have destroyed them? To make that leap? We will meet your physical force with soul force. Do to us what you will and we will still love you.

Related Characters: Elwood Curtis, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
Related Symbols: Martin Luther King At Zion Hill
Page Number and Citation: 172
Explanation and Analysis:

“You’re getting along. Ain’t had trouble since that one time. They going to take you out back, bury your ass, then they take me out back, too. The fuck is wrong with you?”

“You’re wrong, Turner.” Elwood tugged on the handle of a weathered brown trunk. It broke in half. “It’s not an obstacle course,” he said. “You can’t go around it—you have to go through it. Walk with your head up no matter what they throw at you.”

Related Characters: Maynard Spencer, Jack Turner , Elwood Curtis
Page Number and Citation: 174
Explanation and Analysis:

Epilogue Quotes

In some ways Turner had been telling Elwood’s story ever since his friend died, through years and years of revisions, of getting it right, as he stopped being the desperate alley cat of his youth and turned into a man he thought Elwood would have been proud of. It was not enough to survive, you have to live—he heard Elwood’s voice as he walked down Broadway in the sunlight or at the end of a long night hunched over the books.

Related Characters: Millie, Jack Turner , Elwood Curtis
Page Number and Citation: 204
Explanation and Analysis:

And he had betrayed Elwood by handing over that letter. He should have burned it and talked him out of that fool plan instead of giving him silence. Silence was all the boy ever got. He says, “I’m going to take a stand,” and the world remains silent. Elwood and his fine moral imperatives and his very fine ideas about the capacity of human beings to improve. About the capacity of the world to right itself. He had saved Elwood from those two iron rings out back, from the secret graveyard. They put him in Boot Hill instead.

Related Characters: Elwood Curtis, Jack Turner
Related Symbols: The Secret Graveyard
Page Number and Citation: 207
Explanation and Analysis:
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Elwood Curtis Character Timeline in The Nickel Boys

The timeline below shows where the character Elwood Curtis appears in The Nickel Boys. The colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance.
Prologue
Trauma and Repression Theme Icon
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One Nickel Boy who goes by Elwood Curtis lives in New York City. He sometimes reads about his fellow alumni but never... (full context)
Chapter One
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On Christmas in 1962, Elwood receives a recording of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. speaking at Zion Hill Baptist Church.... (full context)
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Elwood knows that Fun Town lets children in free if they present a report card with... (full context)
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Elwood’s grandmother works at the Richmond Hotel, where Elwood spends his time when he’s not in... (full context)
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The disappointment of the empty encyclopedias deeply bothers Elwood, but he leaves them displayed on his bookshelves nonetheless. One of the books (the primary... (full context)
Chapter Two
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Elwood leaves behind another game when he stops going to the Richmond Hotel. When he wasn’t... (full context)
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After he stops going to the Richmond with his grandmother, Elwood gets a job at Mr. Marconi’s cigar shop. Mr. Marconi is a white Italian American... (full context)
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Elwood’s grandmother doesn’t mind the idea of Elwood working with Mr. Marconi , since he seems... (full context)
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Mr. Marconi likes having Elwood as an employee, since Elwood is hardworking and helps him interact with the shop’s African... (full context)
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Elwood has known the two shoplifters for his entire life and he even used to play... (full context)
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Thinking about At Zion Hill, Elwood considers Dr. King’s words. “We must believe in our souls that we are somebody, that... (full context)
Chapter Three
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On the first day of school, Elwood and his classmates receive hand-me-down textbooks from the white high school. The white students are... (full context)
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Elwood is an exceptional student, and Mr. Hill notices this. In particular, he picks up on... (full context)
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Elwood thinks that his grandmother will be proud of him, especially since she herself participated in... (full context)
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Defying his grandmother’s orders, Elwood asks Mr. Marconi for the day off. Without hesitation, Marconi gives him the time off,... (full context)
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A friend of Elwood’s grandmother sees Elwood at the protest outside the Florida Theatre and relays the message. Three... (full context)
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That summer—which is the last he spends in Tallahassee—Elwood receives a copy of James Baldwin’s Notes of a Native Son. Mr. Hill gives the... (full context)
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One summer day, Mr. Hill visits Elwood at Mr. Marconi’s shop. Dressed in casual clothing, he looks like he hasn’t thought about... (full context)
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The day before Elwood’s first class at Melvin Griggs, Mr. Marconi gives him a beautiful pen. The next day,... (full context)
Chapter Four
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Elwood has three nights at home before going to Nickel Academy, the reform school a judge... (full context)
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Spencer explains that students at Nickel can leave when they become Aces. To do this, Elwood needs to listen to his supervisors, do his work, and complete his studies. Before Spencer... (full context)
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After Spencer’s introductory speech, another staff member leads Elwood to a room in a basement, where he dresses in a school uniform, which is... (full context)
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Elwood’s dorm building is called Cleveland. When he walks inside, he quickly sees that the interiors... (full context)
Chapter Five
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The next morning, Elwood tries to look unsurprised by the communal showers, but finds it difficult to suppress his... (full context)
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Turner has a strange divot in one of his ears, but Elwood doesn’t stare. When Turner asks, Elwood tells him that he’s from Frenchtown, and a boy... (full context)
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Elwood parts ways with Turner after breakfast, meeting up with Desmond on the way to class.... (full context)
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In class that day, Elwood is astounded to see that the textbooks Mr. Goodall hands out are ones he used... (full context)
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That afternoon, Elwood works on the lawn with other Grubs. The leader of this work crew is a... (full context)
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That evening, Elwood decides to think of his time at Nickel as a good test of character, deciding... (full context)
Chapter Six
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...morning and bring them to the White House. That night, a brown Chevy arrives for Elwood, Lonnie, Black Mike, and Corey. Elwood doesn’t know what exactly takes place in the White... (full context)
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...used exclusively for beatings. Still, no random passerby would ever guess its true purpose. When Elwood enters with Spencer, Earl, and his fellow students, he’s hit by the building’s putrid aroma,... (full context)
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Spencer and Earl take Black Mike to the car after Elwood counts up to 28. Next, they bring Corey into the small room, and the little... (full context)
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Spencer instructs Elwood to lie face-down on the mattress, turns on the fan, and starts whipping the backs... (full context)
Chapter Seven
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When Elwood’s grandmother, Harriet, comes to visit him shortly after his beating in the White House, the... (full context)
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Meanwhile, Elwood passes the time in the school’s infirmary after his beating. He lies on his stomach... (full context)
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When Elwood isn’t talking to Turner, he studies the school newspaper, The Gator. The small paper explains... (full context)
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In the infirmary one day, Elwood asks Turner if beatings in the White House are always so brutal. Turner says that... (full context)
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In a low voice, Turner tells Elwood that he was wrong to interfere with what Lonnie and Black Mike were doing to... (full context)
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...the fact that it’s unlawful for Spencer and the other staffers to beat the students, Elwood insists that he and his fellow students can stand up for themselves. However, Turner claims... (full context)
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Elwood tries to take Turner’s advice to heart. Five days later, he finally leaves the infirmary,... (full context)
Chapter Eight
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Upon Elwood’s release from the infirmary, he resumes his work on the yard crew. He also approaches... (full context)
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Knowing that it’s extremely difficult to graduate from Nickel, Elwood sets a goal for himself, deciding to earn enough points by June. Upon leaving Nickel,... (full context)
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Several days later, Elwood receives a new work assignment. Reporting to the warehouse, he sees Turner with a young... (full context)
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On Elwood’s first day on the Community Service team, he, Turner, and Harper go around the town... (full context)
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While Elwood and Turner paint the gazebo, Turner tells Elwood that this is his second stay at... (full context)
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When Elwood and Turner finish their work for the day, Harper picks them up. On the way... (full context)
Chapter Nine
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...interested in “fitness” and took to watching the boys shower. This practice has continued into Elwood’s time at Nickel: the school psychologist picks his “dates” by watching the white boys shower. (full context)
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In the lead-up to the boxing match, Elwood’s peers frantically talk about how thoroughly Griff is going to beat Big Chet, who hardly... (full context)
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Turner tells Elwood that Spencer wants Griff to lose the boxing match on purpose. Elwood isn’t surprised, but... (full context)
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Elwood asks if Spencer ever brings white boys “out back,” but Turner tells him that the... (full context)
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The reason Turner brings Elwood “out back” is to show him that there are certain kinds of injustice that people... (full context)
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Two days later, Harper tells Turner and Elwood that Spencer and the board members of Nickel are, in fact, placing bets on the... (full context)
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...and Griff walks around with immense pride, taking so much enjoyment in this attention that Elwood wonders if he’s forgotten that Spencer instructed him to lose. (full context)
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...Chet seem well matched. In the first rounds, Griff shows no signs of going easy. Elwood visibly disapproves of the entire charade, since it reminds him of the unfair dishwashing races... (full context)
Chapter Ten
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...a horse vomit if it eats something it shouldn’t. Desmond hides this bottle and tells Elwood, Jaimie, and Turner about it later that day. Thus begins a thought experiment of sorts,... (full context)
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On the day of the luncheon, Turner and Elwood are in downtown Eleanor with Harper when Harper tells them that he’ll be back soon.... (full context)
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When Harper returns, he brings Elwood and Turner back to Nickel. Upon their arrival, they learn that Earl has been rushed... (full context)
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Elwood calls Jaimie crazy, but Jaimie claims that he had nothing to do with Earl’s poisoning.... (full context)
Chapter Eleven
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Elwood is smoking a cigarette on a windowsill in his New York City apartment. It is... (full context)
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When Denise returns with the ice, she massages Elwood’s back, which hurts because he’s a professional mover. Denise and Elwood met when Elwood was... (full context)
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Recently, Elwood bought a van and decided to start his own moving company. He has decided to... (full context)
Chapter Twelve
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Elwood believes there is yet another way to get out of Nickel. He thinks of it... (full context)
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Harriet delivers bad news about Elwood’s prospects of getting out of Nickel. The lawyer she hired, she tells him, has fled... (full context)
Chapter Thirteen
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As an adult in Manhattan, Elwood likes to watch the New York Marathon. He likes the spectacle’s camaraderie and hectic joy,... (full context)
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Walking back from the New York Marathon, Elwood runs into Chickie Pete, who lived in his dorm at Nickel. As soon as Chickie... (full context)
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Elwood remembers that Chickie Pete used to be a fantastic trumpet player, but Chickie says those... (full context)
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At one point, Chickie asks when Elwood left Nickel. “You don’t remember?” Elwood asks, but he stops himself from telling Chickie the... (full context)
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...to that kid you used to hang around with all the time?” Chickie Pete asks. Elwood pretends he doesn’t know who Chickie is talking about, so Chickie gets up to go... (full context)
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Elwood decides to leave when Chickie Pete returns from the bathroom, feeling suddenly angry that somebody... (full context)
Chapter Fourteen
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At one point during Elwood’s spring term at Nickel Academy, Director Hardee learns through a whisper-network of board members that... (full context)
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Elwood no longer thinks about Dr. King’s ideas as mere vague concepts, since they now apply... (full context)
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Elwood insists that it’s a mistake to remain obedient, telling Turner that he can’t simply navigate... (full context)
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On the day of the inspection, Elwood stuffs his letter into his pocket. On this particular day, Elwood and Turner stay on... (full context)
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At lunch, Elwood curses himself for failing to deliver the letter, but he resolves to try it again,... (full context)
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...make it impossible for him to slip the letter to the inspectors before they leave, Elwood asks Harper if he can stay. Hearing Elwood call him by his first name, Harper... (full context)
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After giving Turner the letter, Elwood delivers Harper’s message, taking the long way back to the dorms on his return because... (full context)
Chapter Fifteen
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After years of living alone in New York City, Elwood marries Millie. She doesn’t know about his past at Nickel Academy, but she’s a supportive... (full context)
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As Elwood waits for Millie outside the restaurant, he thinks about his time working as a mover... (full context)
Chapter Sixteen
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The state of Florida banned solitary confinement in schools years ago, but Spencer still throws Elwood into solitary confinement after beating him in the White House. However, because he doesn’t yet... (full context)
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As Elwood sits in solitary confinement, he tries to recapture Dr. King’s optimism, reciting the line, “Throw... (full context)
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One night, the door to Elwood’s cell opens. He flinches, preparing himself for another beating and wrapping his head around the... (full context)
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The Nickel staff members are playing poker in a separate building, so Turner and Elwood manage to slink off the grounds undetected. When Elwood asks why Turner chose to come... (full context)
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Turner brings Elwood to a house he knows is empty, where they steal two bicycles before hitting the... (full context)
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Turner yells at Elwood to run faster through the tall grass. Behind them, the Community Service van comes to... (full context)
Epilogue
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...checks himself in for his flight to Tallahassee, telling the clerk that his name is Elwood Curtis. Two weeks after he escaped from Nickel, a waitress in a diner asked Turner... (full context)
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News of Elwood’s death made its way into the local press at the time, but the story favored... (full context)
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Turner has been living as Elwood for decades, wanting to live a life that would make his friend proud. This is... (full context)
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...has decided to go back, though he thinks about how he wishes he never delivered Elwood’s letter. This makes him think about Elwood’s strong ideas about morality and his belief that... (full context)
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...dead students as quickly as possible to avoid official investigations. He has also learned that Elwood’s grandmother died just one year after her grandson, and though Elwood’s mother is presumably still... (full context)
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...to speak out for the black boys. Whatever happens to him, he’s determined to find Elwood’s grave so that he can tell his friend about his life and how it was... (full context)
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...formerly known as the Richmond Hotel. Sitting there at the table, he doesn’t recall that Elwood once told him that he used to sit in the kitchen of this very hotel... (full context)