The Outcasts of Poker Flat

by Bret Harte

John Oakhurst Character Analysis

The protagonist of the story, John Oakhurst is a serial gambler who is exiled from the Old West settlement of Poker Flat along with three other people whom the town has deemed “improper”: the Duchess, Mother Shipton, and Uncle Billy. While the other members of the group are exiled for their immorality, Oakhurst’s sentence is a little more complicated. The committee that decides who stays and who goes is far from impartial, as many men on it have lost money to Oakhurst. These men, including Jim Wheeler, go so far as to suggest Oakhurst be hanged (knowing that they will be able to reclaim their money this way), while those who have managed to win money playing against Oakhurst suggest he just be banished instead. John Oakhurst is the strong, silent type, always unruffled in times of trouble. So when he is exiled to the next town over—forced to make the dangerous journey through the mountains to get there—he barely even blinks. And when things continue to go wrong (like when Uncle Billy runs off with the group’s mules, and a snowstorm prevents the group from making the rest of the journey on foot), Oakhurst continues to carry himself with “philosophic calmness.” Although “He [is] too much of a gambler not to accept Fate,” he does show some care for his own well-being as well as that of his companions. When two innocent people fall in with the group—Tom and his fiancée, Piney—Oakhurst urges them not to linger with the outcasts, who have unwisely decided to make camp despite having very little rations. Later, when everyone is close to death, Oakhurst fashions a pair of snowshoes and sends Tom into town to get help. However, at the end of the story, Oakhurst commits suicide, raising the question of whether his unwavering calm stemmed from near-total apathy or quiet strength, and if he should have tried harder to survive. Oakhurst is originally from a settlement called Roaring Camp—which comes from one of Harte’s best-known short stories, “The Luck of Roaring Camp.”

John Oakhurst Quotes in The Outcasts of Poker Flat

The The Outcasts of Poker Flat quotes below are all either spoken by John Oakhurst or refer to John Oakhurst. For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
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The Outcasts of Poker Flat Quotes

In point of fact, Poker Flat was “after somebody.” It had lately suffered the loss of several thousand dollars, two valuable horses, and a prominent citizen. It was experiencing a spasm of virtuous reaction, quite as lawless and ungovernable as any of the acts that had provoked it. A secret committee had determined to rid the town of all improper persons. This was done permanently in regard of two men who were then hanging from the boughs of a sycamore in the gulch, and temporarily in the banishment of certain other objectionable characters. I regret to say that some of these were ladies. It is but due to the sex, however, to state that their impropriety was professional, and it was only in such easily established standards of evil that Poker Flat ventured to sit judgement.

Related Characters: John Oakhurst, The Duchess, Mother Shipton, Uncle Billy
Related Literary Devices:
Page Number and Citation: 27
Explanation and Analysis:

Mr. Oakhurst was right in supposing that he was included in this category. A few of the committee had urged hanging him as a possible example, and a sure method of reimbursing themselves from his pockets of the sums he had won from them. “It’s agin justice,” said Jim Wheeler, “to let this yer young man from Roaring Camp—an entire stranger—carry away our money.” But a crude sentiment of equity residing in the breasts of those who had been fortunate enough to win from Mr. Oakhurst overruled this narrower local prejudice.

Related Characters: Jim Wheeler (speaker), John Oakhurst
Related Literary Devices:
Page Number and Citation: 27-28
Explanation and Analysis:

Mr. Oakhurst received his sentence with philosophic calmness, none the less coolly that he was aware of the hesitation of his judges. He was too much of a gambler not to accept Fate. With him life was at best an uncertain game, and he recognized he usual percentage in favor of the dealer.

Related Characters: John Oakhurst
Related Literary Devices:
Page Number and Citation: 28
Explanation and Analysis:

[…] Mr. Oakhurst knew that scarcely half the journey to Sandy Bar was accomplished, and the party were not equipped or provisioned for delay. This fact he pointed out to his companions curtly, with a philosophic commentary on the folly of “throwing up their hand before the game was played out.” But they were furnished with liquor […] In spite of his remonstrances, it was not long before they were more or less under its influence.

Related Characters: John Oakhurst (speaker), The Duchess, Mother Shipton, Uncle Billy
Page Number and Citation: 29
Explanation and Analysis:

He started to his feet with the intention of awakening the sleepers, for there was no time to lose. But turning to where Uncle Billy had been lying, he found him gone. A suspicion leaped to his brain and a curse to his lips. He ran to the spot where the mules had been tethered; they were no longer there. The tracks were already rapidly disappearing in the snow.

The momentary excitement brought Mr. Oakhurst back to the fire with his usual calm. He did not waken the sleepers.

Related Characters: John Oakhurst, Uncle Billy, The Duchess, Mother Shipton, Tom Simson, Piney Woods
Page Number and Citation: 31
Explanation and Analysis:

“Luck,” continued the gambler, reflectively, “is a mighty queer thing. All you know about it for certain is that it’s bound to change. And it’s finding out when it’s going to change that makes you. We’ve had a streak of bad luck since we left Poker Flat,—you come along, and slap you get into it, too. If you can hold your cards right along you’re all right.”

Related Characters: John Oakhurst (speaker), Tom Simson
Related Literary Devices:
Page Number and Citation: 33-34
Explanation and Analysis:

The third day came, and the sun, looking through the white-curtained valley, saw the outcasts divide their slowly decreasing store of provisions for the morning meal. It was one of the peculiarities of that mountain climate that its rays diffused a kindly warmth over the wintry landscape, as if in regretful commiseration of the past. But it revealed drift on drift of snow piled high around the hut,—a hopeless, uncharted, trackless sea of white lying below the rocky shores to which the castaways still clung.

Related Characters: John Oakhurst, The Duchess, Mother Shipton, Tom Simson, Piney Woods
Related Literary Devices:
Page Number and Citation: 34
Explanation and Analysis:

Some months before he had chanced upon a stray copy of Mr. Pope’s ingenious translation of the Iliad. He now proposed to narrate the principal incidents of that poem—having thoroughly mastered the argument and fairly forgotten the words—in the current vernacular of Sandy Bar. And so for the rest of that night the Homeric demigods again walked the earth. Trojan bully and wily Greek wrestled in the winds, and the great pines in the cañon seemed to bow to the wrath of the son of Peleus. Mr. Oakhurst listened with quiet satisfaction. Most especially he was interested in the fate of “Ash-heels,” as the Innocent persisted in denominating the “swift-footed Achilles.”

Related Characters: Tom Simson, John Oakhurst
Related Literary Devices:
Page Number and Citation: 34-35
Explanation and Analysis:

Day by day closer around them drew the snowy circle, until at last they looked from their prison over drifted walls of dazzling white, that towered twenty feet above their heads. […] The lovers turned from the dreary prospect and looked into each other’s eyes, and were happy. Mr. Oakhurst settled himself coolly to the losing game before him. The Duchess, more cheerful than she had been, assumed the care of Piney. Only Mother Shipton—once the strongest of the party—seemed to sicken and fade.

Related Characters: Tom Simson, Piney Woods, John Oakhurst, The Duchess, Mother Shipton
Related Literary Devices:
Page Number and Citation: 35
Explanation and Analysis:

But at the head of the gulch, on one of the largest pine-trees, they found the deuce of clubs pinned to the bark with a bowie knife. […] And pulseless and cold, with a Derringer by his side and a bullet in his heart, though still calm as in life, beneath the snow lay he who was at once the strongest and yet the weakest of the outcasts of Poker Flat.

Related Characters: John Oakhurst
Related Symbols: The Deuce of Clubs
Page Number and Citation: 36-37
Explanation and Analysis:
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John Oakhurst Character Timeline in The Outcasts of Poker Flat

The timeline below shows where the character John Oakhurst appears in The Outcasts of Poker Flat. The colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance.
The Outcasts of Poker Flat
Morality vs. Immorality Theme Icon
The Brutality of the Old West Theme Icon
John Oakhurst, a gambler, walks around Poker Flat on the morning of November 23, 1850. He senses... (full context)
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Fate Theme Icon
The Brutality of the Old West Theme Icon
Oakhurst’s handsome face shows a faint flicker of worry but is mostly calm and unbothered. Dusting... (full context)
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...but due to the sex […] to state that their impropriety was professional.” As for Oakhurst, some of the committee members insist that he be hanged—he recently won money from several... (full context)
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However, the members of the committee who have won money from Oakhurst intervene, suggesting that the man be banished rather than hanged. Oakhurst reacts to his sentence... (full context)
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The Brutality of the Old West Theme Icon
A group of armed men, meant specifically to intimidate Oakhurst, marches the outcasts out of Poker Flat. There are four outcasts in the group: a... (full context)
Morality vs. Immorality Theme Icon
The Brutality of the Old West Theme Icon
...Mother Shipton swears bitterly. Uncle Billy releases “a Parthian volley of expletives,” but “the philosophic Oakhurst” doesn’t say a word. As the Duchess and Mother Shipton theatrically declare that they want... (full context)
Fate Theme Icon
The Brutality of the Old West Theme Icon
...spot does make for a beautiful campsite—it’s a “wooded amphitheater” nestled amongst three towering granite cliffs—Oakhurst knows that stopping to camp isn’t a good idea. They’re only halfway to Sandy Bar... (full context)
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The Brutality of the Old West Theme Icon
...aggressive and combative, the Duchess grows weepy and sentimental, and Mother Shipton falls asleep. Meanwhile, Oakhurst stands off to the side, silently observing his companions. He doesn’t drink, since alcohol hampers... (full context)
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Oakhurst dusts off his clothes and washes his hands and face with characteristic meticulousness. Although “The... (full context)
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...cliffs and towering pine trees encircling him, as well as the threateningly cloudy skies above, Oakhurst suddenly hears someone call out his name. Riding down the trail is Tom Simson, a... (full context)
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Tom is fresh-faced and cheerful, delighted to have stumbled upon Oakhurst in the woods. He admits that he is headed to Poker Flat to elope with... (full context)
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Oakhurst implores Tom to continue on his way rather than linger, as Oakhurst and his companions... (full context)
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In the morning, Oakhurst wakes up with a start, realizing that there is snow on the ground. He jumps... (full context)
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...and decide that they can stretch their supplies for 10 days if they’re exceedingly careful. Oakhurst can’t bear to tell Piney and Tom that Uncle Billy stole off with the mules,... (full context)
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...together” once the snow melts. The group begins to spruce up their dilapidated cabin, while Oakhurst goes out to look for the trailhead. After an unsuccessful search, Oakhurst heads toward the... (full context)
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That night, Oakhurst stands guard. He is accustomed to little sleep and takes up his post easily. Earlier... (full context)
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...pines in the cañon seemed to bow to the wrath of the son of Peleus.” Oakhurst listens intently as Tom recounts the fate of “Ash-heels,” which he calls the “swift-footed Achilles.” (full context)
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...the grim circumstances, Piney and Tom spend their days gazing contentedly into one another’s eyes. Oakhurst “settle[s] himself coolly to the losing game before him,” while the Duchess happily busies herself... (full context)
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...weak. At midnight on the group’s 10th day in the mountains, she quietly confides in Oakhurst that she’s been voluntarily starving herself, secretly tucking away her rations. She tells Oakhurst to... (full context)
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...one plays accordion or recites Homer. After the group buries Mother Shipton in the snow, Oakhurst pulls Tom aside and presents him with a pair of homemade snowshoes, which Oakhurst made... (full context)
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After Tom and Piney say their goodbyes, Oakhurst tells the others that he is accompanying Tom to the canyon but no farther. He... (full context)
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By nightfall, Oakhurst still hasn’t returned. The Duchess finds that someone has left a neat stack of firewood... (full context)
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Fate Theme Icon
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...scrawled in pencil, is the following message: “Beneath this tree lies the body of John Oakhurst who struck a streak of bad luck on the 23[r]d of November, 1850, and handed... (full context)
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A gun lies beside Oakhurst’s dead body, which has been pierced through the heart with a bullet. In death, he... (full context)