The illegitimate son of pope , pursued military campaigns throughout Italy with the aid of his powerful father. After a series of impressive victories, Borgia's power diminished following Alexander's death in 1503. Borgia eventually lost his conquests and died in 1507. During diplomatic missions closely studied Borgia's tactics. Machiavelli praises Borgia's prowess but laments the "malice" of fortune that led to his downfall.