Definition of Allusion
In a subtle example of allusion, Joyce includes in the story the fact that Father Flynn died on the 1st of July. July 1st was a significant day in Irish history—on that day in 1690, the forces of the Protestant King of England William III and those of the ousted Catholic King James II fought over who would rule England, Scotland, and Ireland. Ultimately, King William’s soldiers prevailed, resulting in the continued Protestant ascendancy in Britain and the Catholic Church’s loss of power. This conflict came to be known as the Battle of the Boyne because it took place near the River Boyne in Ireland.
When Father Flynn’s sister Eliza is telling the narrator’s aunt about all of the labor she and her sister Nannie had to perform to prepare for their brother's memorial service, she includes an allusion to an Irish Nationalist newspaper, as seen in the following passage:
Unlock with LitCharts A+Only for Father O’Rourke I don’t know what we’d have done at all. It was him brought us all them flowers and them two candlesticks out of the chapel and wrote out the notice for the Freeman’s General and took charge of all the papers for the cemetery and poor James’s insurance.