The Sorrow of War

by

Bảo Ninh

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Kien (The Writer) Character Analysis

The protagonist of The Sorrow of War, Kien is a former soldier for the North Vietnamese Army. He spent 10 years fighting in the Vietnam War, and though he was on the victorious side, he feels at a loose end in postwar Vietnam. As such, he decides to write about his experiences, creating a disjointed and fragmentary novel that winds through some of his most traumatic memories—memories of seeing friends die, of getting injured, and of succumbing to the violent urges of wartime. But the stories he writes aren’t all sad—he also writes about Phuong, the love of his life. He and Phuong were romantically involved in high school, before Kien joined the army. His memories of her from this period are powerful, as he thinks back to their last night together before the war, when she tried to convince him to have sex—but he couldn’t bring himself to do it. Later, Phuong ended up traveling with him toward the frontlines in a dramatic and terrifying entrance to the war that left their relationship dangling without any sort of emotional closure, as Kien set off to battle without knowing where, exactly, he and Phuong stood with each other. For the next 10 years, Kien often thought about Phuong in moments of hardship, and this helped him make it through some of the worst and most painful times of his life. Upon returning to Hanoi, he and Phuong resumed their relationship, but so much had changed that they were unable to make things work. After Phuong left him once and for all, Kien turned his attention to writing, drinking heavily and staying up late to pen his novel. When he finally finished, he left his apartment and never came back. A “mute girl” living in his building ended up giving the chapters to a former soldier, who compiled them into a wide-ranging, nonlinear novel.

Kien (The Writer) Quotes in The Sorrow of War

The The Sorrow of War quotes below are all either spoken by Kien (The Writer) or refer to Kien (The Writer). For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
Memory, Trauma, and Moving On Theme Icon
).
Pages 3-8 Quotes

Even into early December, weeks after the end of the normal rainy season, the jungles this year are still as muddy as all hell. They are forgotten by peace, damaged or impassable, all the tracks disappearing bit by bit, day by day, into the embrace of the coarse undergrowth and wild grasses.

Related Characters: Kien (The Writer)
Related Symbols: The Jungle of Screaming Souls
Page Number: 3-4
Explanation and Analysis:

The humid atmosphere condenses, its long moist, chilly fingers sliding in and around the hammock where Kien lies shivering, half-awake, half-asleep, as though drifting along on a stream. He is floating, sadly, endlessly, sometimes as if on a truck driving silently, robotlike, somnambulantly through the lonely jungle tracks. The stream moans, a desperate complaint mixing with distant faint jungle sounds, like an echo from another world. The eerie sounds come from somewhere in a remote past, arriving softly like featherweight leaves falling on the grass of times long, long ago.

Related Characters: Kien (The Writer)
Page Number: 4
Explanation and Analysis:
Pages 8-26 Quotes

The tasty canina had many wondrous attributes. They could decide what they’d like to dream about, or even blend the dreams, like preparing a wonderful cocktail. With canina one smoked to forget the daily hell of the soldier’s life, smoked to forget hunger and suffering. Also, to forget death. And totally, but totally, to forget tomorrow.

Related Characters: Kien (The Writer)
Page Number: 12
Explanation and Analysis:

One southern soldier behind a tree fired hastily and the full magazine of thirty rounds from his AK exploded loudly around Kien, but he had walked on unharmed. Kien had not returned fire even when just a few steps from his prey, as though he wanted to give his enemy a chance to survive, to give him more time to change magazines, or time to take sure aim and kill him.

Related Characters: Kien (The Writer)
Page Number: 17
Explanation and Analysis:

The name, age, and image of someone who’d been every bit as brave under fire as his comrades, who had set a fine example, suddenly disappeared without a trace.

Except within the mind of Kien. Can’s image haunted him every night, returning during the night to whisper to him by his hammock, repeating the final, gloomy lines he’d spoken by the stream. The whisper would turn into a suffocating gasp, like the sound of water blocking the throat of a drowning man.

Related Characters: Kien (The Writer), Can
Related Symbols: The Jungle of Screaming Souls
Page Number: 24
Explanation and Analysis:
Pages 26-44 Quotes

He recalled the standing orders from the political commissar: “It is necessary to readjust, rectify, and re-establish the rules, the morals and behavior of your men, when there are breaches.” Of course that would have meant pulling the soldiers out, snapping them out of their romantic spell. Kien’s heart would never allow him to truly discipline those boys. It begged him to keep silent and sympathize with the young lovers. What else could they do? They were powerless against the frenzied forces of young love which now controlled their bodies.

Related Characters: Kien (The Writer)
Page Number: 29-30
Explanation and Analysis:
Pages 44-56 Quotes

The future lied to us, there long ago in the past. There is no new life, no new era, nor is it hope for a beautiful future that now drives me on, but rather the opposite. The hope is contained in the beautiful prewar past.

Related Characters: Kien (The Writer)
Page Number: 47
Explanation and Analysis:

At the bottom of his heart he believes he exists on this earth to perform some unnamed heavenly duty. A task that is sacred and noble, but secret. He begins to believe that it is because of this heavenly duty that he had such a brief childhood and adolescence, then matured in time of war. The duty imposed on him in his first forty years a succession of suffering with very few joys. […]

The first time he had felt this secret force was not on the battlefield but in peacetime, on his postwar MIA missions gathering the remains of the dead. […]

From the time of that realization he felt that day by day his soul was gradually maturing, preparing for its task of fulfilling the sacred, heavenly duty of which the novel would become the earthly manifestation.

Related Characters: Kien (The Writer)
Page Number: 50-1
Explanation and Analysis:
Pages 56-79 Quotes

When starting this novel, the first in his life, he planned a postwar plot. He started by writing about the MIA Remains-Gathering Team, those about-to-be-demobilized soldiers on the verge of returning to ordinary civilian life.

But relentlessly, his pen disobeyed him. Each page revived one story of death after another and gradually the stories swirled back deep into the primitive jungles of war, quietly restoking his horrible furnace of war memories.

Related Characters: Kien (The Writer)
Page Number: 57
Explanation and Analysis:

When later he recalled his actions, her words, his timidity, he would grieve and regret his loss.

The passing of beautiful youth had been so rapid that even its normal periods of anxiety and torment, of deep intense blind love, had been taken from him as the war clouds loomed. A moment so close, yet so far, then totally lost to him, to remain only as a memory forever.

Related Characters: Kien (The Writer), Hanh
Page Number: 57
Explanation and Analysis:
Pages 100-108 Quotes

“No. I mean it. That slob gave us a sort of warning: Don’t criticize others. Be sure of yourself first.”

Kien frowned, then walked away. “Be sure of yourself first, what a joke!” Kien said to himself. He recalled Oanh’s death a month earlier, the morning his regiment attacked the police headquarters at Buon Me Thuot.

Related Characters: Kien (The Writer) (speaker), Oanh
Page Number: 104
Explanation and Analysis:
Pages 116-146 Quotes

“There’s no other night like this. You’re offering your life for a cause so I’ve decided to waste mine too. This year we’re both seventeen. Let’s plan to meet each other again somewhere at some future point. See if we still love each other as much as we do now.”

Related Characters: Phuong (speaker), Kien (The Writer)
Page Number: 136
Explanation and Analysis:

But at the last moment, as he was about to press the trigger with the gun aimed directly at them, he gave them a reprieve.

It was not because of their pleading, nor because of prompting from his colleagues. No, it was because Phuong’s words had come to him like an inner voice: “So, you’ll kill lots of men? That’ll make you a hero, I suppose?”

Related Characters: Phuong (speaker), Kien (The Writer)
Page Number: 140
Explanation and Analysis:

“[…] It’s over. We deserved to have had a happy life together, but events conspired against us. You know that. You know the circumstances as well as I do. Let’s go our own separate ways from now on. Forever. It’s the only way.”

Related Characters: Phuong (speaker), Kien (The Writer)
Page Number: 145
Explanation and Analysis:
Pages 146-200 Quotes

And so their intimate nonsense had continued for the next hour, a period of delirious romantic joy in extraordinary circumstances.

Related Characters: Kien (The Writer), Phuong
Page Number: 177
Explanation and Analysis:

He suddenly remembered what he thought he had seen in the freight car and what could still be happening there. He was to remember that as his first war wound, […].

It was from that moment, when Phuong was violently taken from him, that the bloodshed truly began and his life entered into bloody suffering and failure. And he would understand true sacrifice: friends who would die to save others.

Related Characters: Kien (The Writer), Phuong
Page Number: 180
Explanation and Analysis:

Not one of them asked about Hoa. At first he found it disagreeably strange. Then, with its acceptance, he too began to forget about her. Was it that such sacrifices were now an everyday occurrence? Or that they were expected, even of such young people? Or worse, that they were too concerned worrying about their own safety to bother with others?

Related Characters: Kien (The Writer), Hoa
Page Number: 192
Explanation and Analysis:

It all seemed so long ago, and because he couldn’t even find the head-shaped rock—it had been blown apart or washed away—it seemed a touch unlikely that it had ever happened. Of course it had, but not even finding the clearing where he had last seen her allowed him that escape into such possibilities.

What remained was sorrow, the immense sorrow, the sorrow of having survived. The sorrow of war.

Related Characters: Kien (The Writer), Hoa
Page Number: 192
Explanation and Analysis:
Pages 200-224 Quotes

“Why didn’t you tell me you were injured? Sit down, sit down. We’ll bandage it. Does it hurt?”

Phuong shook her head, No.

“Sit down. I’ll make some bandages from my shirt.”

“No!” she cried, pushing him away. “Can’t you see? It’s not a wound! It can’t be bandaged!”

What was going on? He knew so little!

Related Characters: Kien (The Writer) (speaker), Phuong (speaker)
Page Number: 204
Explanation and Analysis:
Pages 224-228 Quotes

Several years later, on a night when he was deep in desperation, Kien dreamed that his life had been transformed into a river stretching before him. He saw himself floating towards his death. Then at the very last moment, when he was about to go over the edge, he heard Phuong’s call echoing from that bitter dusk of the marsh near the school. It was the final call of his first love. Though they hadn’t had a happy life together or moved towards a glowing future, their first love had not been in vain. They were back there in the past together, and nothing could change or rob them of that.

Related Characters: Kien (The Writer), Phuong
Page Number: 227
Explanation and Analysis:
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Kien (The Writer) Quotes in The Sorrow of War

The The Sorrow of War quotes below are all either spoken by Kien (The Writer) or refer to Kien (The Writer). For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
Memory, Trauma, and Moving On Theme Icon
).
Pages 3-8 Quotes

Even into early December, weeks after the end of the normal rainy season, the jungles this year are still as muddy as all hell. They are forgotten by peace, damaged or impassable, all the tracks disappearing bit by bit, day by day, into the embrace of the coarse undergrowth and wild grasses.

Related Characters: Kien (The Writer)
Related Symbols: The Jungle of Screaming Souls
Page Number: 3-4
Explanation and Analysis:

The humid atmosphere condenses, its long moist, chilly fingers sliding in and around the hammock where Kien lies shivering, half-awake, half-asleep, as though drifting along on a stream. He is floating, sadly, endlessly, sometimes as if on a truck driving silently, robotlike, somnambulantly through the lonely jungle tracks. The stream moans, a desperate complaint mixing with distant faint jungle sounds, like an echo from another world. The eerie sounds come from somewhere in a remote past, arriving softly like featherweight leaves falling on the grass of times long, long ago.

Related Characters: Kien (The Writer)
Page Number: 4
Explanation and Analysis:
Pages 8-26 Quotes

The tasty canina had many wondrous attributes. They could decide what they’d like to dream about, or even blend the dreams, like preparing a wonderful cocktail. With canina one smoked to forget the daily hell of the soldier’s life, smoked to forget hunger and suffering. Also, to forget death. And totally, but totally, to forget tomorrow.

Related Characters: Kien (The Writer)
Page Number: 12
Explanation and Analysis:

One southern soldier behind a tree fired hastily and the full magazine of thirty rounds from his AK exploded loudly around Kien, but he had walked on unharmed. Kien had not returned fire even when just a few steps from his prey, as though he wanted to give his enemy a chance to survive, to give him more time to change magazines, or time to take sure aim and kill him.

Related Characters: Kien (The Writer)
Page Number: 17
Explanation and Analysis:

The name, age, and image of someone who’d been every bit as brave under fire as his comrades, who had set a fine example, suddenly disappeared without a trace.

Except within the mind of Kien. Can’s image haunted him every night, returning during the night to whisper to him by his hammock, repeating the final, gloomy lines he’d spoken by the stream. The whisper would turn into a suffocating gasp, like the sound of water blocking the throat of a drowning man.

Related Characters: Kien (The Writer), Can
Related Symbols: The Jungle of Screaming Souls
Page Number: 24
Explanation and Analysis:
Pages 26-44 Quotes

He recalled the standing orders from the political commissar: “It is necessary to readjust, rectify, and re-establish the rules, the morals and behavior of your men, when there are breaches.” Of course that would have meant pulling the soldiers out, snapping them out of their romantic spell. Kien’s heart would never allow him to truly discipline those boys. It begged him to keep silent and sympathize with the young lovers. What else could they do? They were powerless against the frenzied forces of young love which now controlled their bodies.

Related Characters: Kien (The Writer)
Page Number: 29-30
Explanation and Analysis:
Pages 44-56 Quotes

The future lied to us, there long ago in the past. There is no new life, no new era, nor is it hope for a beautiful future that now drives me on, but rather the opposite. The hope is contained in the beautiful prewar past.

Related Characters: Kien (The Writer)
Page Number: 47
Explanation and Analysis:

At the bottom of his heart he believes he exists on this earth to perform some unnamed heavenly duty. A task that is sacred and noble, but secret. He begins to believe that it is because of this heavenly duty that he had such a brief childhood and adolescence, then matured in time of war. The duty imposed on him in his first forty years a succession of suffering with very few joys. […]

The first time he had felt this secret force was not on the battlefield but in peacetime, on his postwar MIA missions gathering the remains of the dead. […]

From the time of that realization he felt that day by day his soul was gradually maturing, preparing for its task of fulfilling the sacred, heavenly duty of which the novel would become the earthly manifestation.

Related Characters: Kien (The Writer)
Page Number: 50-1
Explanation and Analysis:
Pages 56-79 Quotes

When starting this novel, the first in his life, he planned a postwar plot. He started by writing about the MIA Remains-Gathering Team, those about-to-be-demobilized soldiers on the verge of returning to ordinary civilian life.

But relentlessly, his pen disobeyed him. Each page revived one story of death after another and gradually the stories swirled back deep into the primitive jungles of war, quietly restoking his horrible furnace of war memories.

Related Characters: Kien (The Writer)
Page Number: 57
Explanation and Analysis:

When later he recalled his actions, her words, his timidity, he would grieve and regret his loss.

The passing of beautiful youth had been so rapid that even its normal periods of anxiety and torment, of deep intense blind love, had been taken from him as the war clouds loomed. A moment so close, yet so far, then totally lost to him, to remain only as a memory forever.

Related Characters: Kien (The Writer), Hanh
Page Number: 57
Explanation and Analysis:
Pages 100-108 Quotes

“No. I mean it. That slob gave us a sort of warning: Don’t criticize others. Be sure of yourself first.”

Kien frowned, then walked away. “Be sure of yourself first, what a joke!” Kien said to himself. He recalled Oanh’s death a month earlier, the morning his regiment attacked the police headquarters at Buon Me Thuot.

Related Characters: Kien (The Writer) (speaker), Oanh
Page Number: 104
Explanation and Analysis:
Pages 116-146 Quotes

“There’s no other night like this. You’re offering your life for a cause so I’ve decided to waste mine too. This year we’re both seventeen. Let’s plan to meet each other again somewhere at some future point. See if we still love each other as much as we do now.”

Related Characters: Phuong (speaker), Kien (The Writer)
Page Number: 136
Explanation and Analysis:

But at the last moment, as he was about to press the trigger with the gun aimed directly at them, he gave them a reprieve.

It was not because of their pleading, nor because of prompting from his colleagues. No, it was because Phuong’s words had come to him like an inner voice: “So, you’ll kill lots of men? That’ll make you a hero, I suppose?”

Related Characters: Phuong (speaker), Kien (The Writer)
Page Number: 140
Explanation and Analysis:

“[…] It’s over. We deserved to have had a happy life together, but events conspired against us. You know that. You know the circumstances as well as I do. Let’s go our own separate ways from now on. Forever. It’s the only way.”

Related Characters: Phuong (speaker), Kien (The Writer)
Page Number: 145
Explanation and Analysis:
Pages 146-200 Quotes

And so their intimate nonsense had continued for the next hour, a period of delirious romantic joy in extraordinary circumstances.

Related Characters: Kien (The Writer), Phuong
Page Number: 177
Explanation and Analysis:

He suddenly remembered what he thought he had seen in the freight car and what could still be happening there. He was to remember that as his first war wound, […].

It was from that moment, when Phuong was violently taken from him, that the bloodshed truly began and his life entered into bloody suffering and failure. And he would understand true sacrifice: friends who would die to save others.

Related Characters: Kien (The Writer), Phuong
Page Number: 180
Explanation and Analysis:

Not one of them asked about Hoa. At first he found it disagreeably strange. Then, with its acceptance, he too began to forget about her. Was it that such sacrifices were now an everyday occurrence? Or that they were expected, even of such young people? Or worse, that they were too concerned worrying about their own safety to bother with others?

Related Characters: Kien (The Writer), Hoa
Page Number: 192
Explanation and Analysis:

It all seemed so long ago, and because he couldn’t even find the head-shaped rock—it had been blown apart or washed away—it seemed a touch unlikely that it had ever happened. Of course it had, but not even finding the clearing where he had last seen her allowed him that escape into such possibilities.

What remained was sorrow, the immense sorrow, the sorrow of having survived. The sorrow of war.

Related Characters: Kien (The Writer), Hoa
Page Number: 192
Explanation and Analysis:
Pages 200-224 Quotes

“Why didn’t you tell me you were injured? Sit down, sit down. We’ll bandage it. Does it hurt?”

Phuong shook her head, No.

“Sit down. I’ll make some bandages from my shirt.”

“No!” she cried, pushing him away. “Can’t you see? It’s not a wound! It can’t be bandaged!”

What was going on? He knew so little!

Related Characters: Kien (The Writer) (speaker), Phuong (speaker)
Page Number: 204
Explanation and Analysis:
Pages 224-228 Quotes

Several years later, on a night when he was deep in desperation, Kien dreamed that his life had been transformed into a river stretching before him. He saw himself floating towards his death. Then at the very last moment, when he was about to go over the edge, he heard Phuong’s call echoing from that bitter dusk of the marsh near the school. It was the final call of his first love. Though they hadn’t had a happy life together or moved towards a glowing future, their first love had not been in vain. They were back there in the past together, and nothing could change or rob them of that.

Related Characters: Kien (The Writer), Phuong
Page Number: 227
Explanation and Analysis: