The Vegetarian
by Han Kang

Yeong-hye Character Analysis

The primary protagonist of The Vegetarian. Yeong-hye is a young woman living in Seoul, South Korea, with her husband, Mr. Cheong. When Han first introduces Yeong-hye and Mr. Cheong, they have a normal, if boring or unaffectionate, relationship. Yeong-hye cooks and keeps the house for Mr. Cheong; her only odd behavior is that she does not like wearing a bra. When she starts to have violent and gory dreams, however, Yeong-hye becomes disgusted by eating meat and refuses to make meat dishes in the house. She rapidly loses weight as a result of her new diet, and when her family tries to stage an intervention and her father attempts to force-feed her pork (largely because he sees her vegetarianism as an act of defiance against her husband), she cuts open her own wrist with a knife in response. After her stay in the hospital, Mr. Cheong divorces her and Yeong-hye becomes more passive and lethargic. She tacitly agrees to model for her brother-in-law, attracted to the flowers that he paints on her body. Yet the brother-in-law corrupts this relationship when he asks her to have sex with him, and later forces her to do so. After her sister and the brother-in-law’s wife, In-hye, discovers them, Yeong-hye is committed to a psychiatric ward and the brother-in-law is sent to jail—showing how people who are isolated and break social convention are both punished by society and unable to escape it, devolving further and further into perceived madness. By the end of the novel Yeong-hye refuses to eat entirely, telling In-hye that she only needs sunlight to survive, and she begins acting like a tree. The doctors continue to force her to eat, however, even resorting to sticking a tube down her nose and then tranquilizing her so that she doesn’t throw up the food. Even though Yeong-hye uses her body as a tool for resistance and refuge, she is ultimately unable to attain the life and innocence of a plant, which highlights the inescapable violence inherent in humanity.

Yeong-hye Quotes in The Vegetarian

The The Vegetarian quotes below are all either spoken by Yeong-hye or refer to Yeong-hye. For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
The Body, Agency, and Resistance Theme Icon
).

Chapter 1: The Vegetarian Quotes

Before my wife turned vegetarian, I'd always thought of her as completely unremarkable in every way.

Page Number and Citation: 9
Explanation and Analysis:

This opening sentence of The Vegetarian sets the scene for the upheaval to come. First, it is worth noting the perspective of the passage: despite the fact that Yeong-hye is arguably the main character and the instigator of the action in The Vegetarian, Han almost never reveals her thoughts or tells the story from her perspective (the largest exceptions are the snippets of the dreams that Yeong-hye recounts in this first section). Instead, the first section is narrated by Yeong-hye’s husband, Mr. Cheong; the second from the perspective of Yeong-hye’s brother-in-law; and the third from the perspective of Yeong-hye’s sister, In-hye. Thus, Han is able to maintain Yeong-hye’s inscrutability, which is one of the reasons that people believe she is insane. Without access to her thoughts and motivations, others deeply misunderstand Yeong-hye.

Additionally, Mr. Cheong’s statement establishes the conventionality of their lives and the “unremarkable” existence that they lead. This implies the eventual conflict between them following Yeong-hye’s decision to become a vegetarian, as she starts to break those conventions. With this first section, Han demonstrates how society (including Mr. Cheong) ostracizes those who break its conventions.

“Have you lost your mind? Why on earth are you throwing all this stuff out?”

I hurriedly stumbled my way through the plastic bags and grabbed her wrist, trying to pry the bags from her grip. Stunned to find her fiercely tugging back against me, I almost faltered for a moment, but my outrage soon gave me the strength to overpower her.

Related Characters: Mr. Cheong (speaker), Yeong-hye
Related Symbols: Meat
Page Number and Citation: 16
Explanation and Analysis:

In that barn, what had I done? Pushed that red raw mass into my mouth, felt it squish against my gums, the roof of my mouth, slick with crimson blood.

Related Characters: Yeong-hye (speaker), Mr. Cheong
Related Symbols: Meat, Plants
Page Number and Citation: 18
Explanation and Analysis:

“I couldn't let those things stay in the fridge. It wouldn't be right.”
How on earth could she be so self-centered? I stared at her lowered eyes, her expression of cool self-possession. The very idea that there should be this other side to her, one where she selfishly did as she pleased, was astonishing. Who would have thought she could be so unreasonable?

Related Characters: Mr. Cheong (speaker), Yeong-hye (speaker)
Related Symbols: Meat
Page Number and Citation: 19
Explanation and Analysis:

“What’s the problem, exactly?”
“I'm tired.”
“Well then, that means you need to eat some meat. That's why you don't have any energy anymore, right? You didn't used to be like this, after all.”
“Actually . . .”
“What?”
“. . . it's the smell.”
“The smell?”
“The meat smell. Your body smells of meat.”

Related Characters: Mr. Cheong (speaker), Yeong-hye (speaker)
Related Symbols: Meat
Page Number and Citation: 22
Explanation and Analysis:

By the time the twelve magnificent courses were over, my wife had eaten nothing but salad and kimchi, and a little bit of squash porridge. She hadn't even touched the sticky-rice porridge, as they had used a special recipe involving beef stock to give it a rich, luxurious taste. Gradually, the other guests learned to ignore her presence and the conversation started to flow again.

Related Characters: Mr. Cheong (speaker), Yeong-hye
Related Symbols: Meat
Page Number and Citation: 30
Explanation and Analysis:

Can only trust my breasts now. I like my breasts, nothing can be killed by them. Hand, foot, tongue, gaze, all weapons from which nothing is safe. But not my breasts. With my round breasts, I’m okay. Still okay. So why do they keep on shrinking? Not even round anymore. Why? Why am I changing like this? Why are my edges all sharpening—what I am going to gouge?

Related Characters: Yeong-hye (speaker)
Related Symbols: Meat, Plants
Page Number and Citation: 39
Explanation and Analysis:

Though In-hye sprang at him and held him by the waist, in the instant that the force of the slap had knocked my wife's mouth open he'd managed to jam the pork in. As soon as the strength in Yeong-ho's arms was visibly exhausted, my wife growled and spat out the meat. An animal cry of distress burst from her lips.

Related Characters: Mr. Cheong (speaker), Yeong-hye, Yeong-hye’s Father, In-hye, Yeong-ho
Related Symbols: Meat, Plants
Page Number and Citation: 46
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 2: Mongolian Mark Quotes

In precisely that moment he was struck by the image of a blue flower on a woman’s buttocks, its petals opening outward. In his mind, the fact that his sister-in-law still had a Mongolian mark on her buttocks became inexplicably bound up with the image of men and women having sex, their naked bodies completely covered with painted flowers. The causality linking these two things was so clear, so obvious, as to be somehow beyond comprehension, and thus it became etched into his mind.

Related Characters: The Brother-in-Law / In-hye’s Husband, Yeong-hye, In-hye
Related Symbols: Plants
Page Number and Citation: 65
Explanation and Analysis:

When it was all over, she was crying. He couldn't tell what these tears meant—pain, pleasure, passion, disgust, or some inscrutable loneliness that she would have been no more able to explain than he would have been to understand. He didn't know.

Related Characters: The Brother-in-Law / In-hye’s Husband, In-hye, Yeong-hye, Ji-woo
Page Number and Citation: 87
Explanation and Analysis:

Seeing how utterly baffled he was, she laughed quietly. A melancholic laugh. “Didn’t I say you wouldn’t understand?”

He couldn’t ask: in that case, why did you use to bare your breasts to the sunlight, like some kind of mutant animal that had evolved to be able to photosynthesize? Was that because of a dream too?

Related Characters: The Brother-in-Law / In-hye’s Husband, Yeong-hye
Related Symbols: Plants
Page Number and Citation: 96
Explanation and Analysis:

She rubbed her neck against J’s like they were two birds caressing, almost as if she’d seen his sketches and knew exactly what he wanted her to do.

Related Characters: Yeong-hye, J, The Brother-in-Law / In-hye’s Husband
Related Symbols: Plants
Page Number and Citation: 108
Explanation and Analysis:

He stood up, stepped close to her and pushed her still-fevered body up against the wall. But when he pressed his lips firmly against hers, probing with his tongue, she shoved him away again.
“Why shouldn't we? Because I'm your brother-in-law?”
“No, it’s nothing to do with that.”
“Then why not? Come on, you said you were all wet!” She was silent. “Did you fancy that kid?”
“It wasn’t him, it was the flowers . . .”

Related Characters: The Brother-in-Law / In-hye’s Husband (speaker), Yeong-hye (speaker), J, In-hye
Related Symbols: Plants
Page Number and Citation: 111
Explanation and Analysis:

He held her at the waist and stroked the mark, wishing that he could share it with her, that it could be seared onto his skin like a brand. I want to swallow you, have you melt into me and flow through my veins.

“Will the dreams stop now?" she muttered, her voice barely audible.

“Dreams? Ah, the face…that's right, you said it was a face, no?” he said, feeling drowsiness slowly creep through his body. “What kind of face? Whose face?”

Related Characters: Yeong-hye (speaker), The Brother-in-Law / In-hye’s Husband (speaker)
Related Symbols: Plants
Page Number and Citation: 119-120
Explanation and Analysis:

He had to rush out onto the veranda, now, and throw himself over the railing against which she was leaning. He would fall down three floors and smash his head to pieces.

Related Characters: The Brother-in-Law / In-hye’s Husband, Yeong-hye, In-hye
Page Number and Citation: 119
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 3: Flaming Trees Quotes

Look, sister, I'm doing a handstand, leaves are growing out of my body, roots are sprouting out of my hands…they delve down into the earth. Endlessly, endlessly…yes, I spread my legs because I wanted flowers to bloom from my crotch, I spread them wide…

Related Characters: Yeong-hye (speaker), In-hye
Related Symbols: Plants
Page Number and Citation: 131
Explanation and Analysis:

No one can understand me…the doctors, the nurses, they’re all the same…they don't even try to understand…they just force me to take medication, and stab me with needles.

Related Characters: Yeong-hye (speaker), In-hye
Page Number and Citation: 160
Explanation and Analysis:

It's your body, you can treat it however you please. The only area where you're free to do just as you like. And even that doesn't turn out how you wanted.

Related Characters: In-hye (speaker), Yeong-hye
Page Number and Citation: 179
Explanation and Analysis:

If her husband and Yeong-hye hadn't smashed through all the boundaries, if everything hadn't splintered apart, then perhaps she was the one who would have broken down, and if she'd let that happen, if she'd let go of the thread, she might never have found it again.

Related Characters: In-hye, The Brother-in-Law / In-hye’s Husband, Yeong-hye, Ji-woo
Page Number and Citation: 184
Explanation and Analysis:

“Perhaps this is all a kind of dream.” She bows her head. But then, as though suddenly struck by something, she brings her mouth right up to Yeong-hye's ear and carries on speaking, forming the words carefully, one by one. “I have dreams too, you know. Dreams…and I could let myself dissolve into them, let them take me over…but surely the dream isn’t all there is? We have to wake up at some point, don’t we?”

Related Characters: In-hye (speaker), Yeong-hye
Page Number and Citation: 185
Explanation and Analysis:
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Yeong-hye Character Timeline in The Vegetarian

The timeline below shows where the character Yeong-hye appears in The Vegetarian. The colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance.
Chapter 1: The Vegetarian
Breaking Social Conventions Theme Icon
...section is narrated by Mr. Cheong, who opens with the statement that before his wife, Yeong-hye, turned vegetarian, she was “completely unremarkable in every way.” He goes on to say that... (full context)
The Body, Agency, and Resistance Theme Icon
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Mr. Cheong continues to describe Yeong-hye’s personality: she is a woman of few words, never acts out, diligently cooks for him,... (full context)
The Body, Agency, and Resistance Theme Icon
Misunderstanding, Isolation, and Madness Theme Icon
...five-year mark. One day in February, however, he wakes up just before dawn to find Yeong-hye standing in the kitchen in her nightclothes. He asks what’s wrong, but she ignores him,... (full context)
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Misunderstanding, Isolation, and Madness Theme Icon
...Cheong wakes up very late for work, and finds that instead of preparing him breakfast, Yeong-hye is throwing away all the meat in the house. He yells at her for not... (full context)
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The perspective shifts to Yeong-hye, inside of her nightmare, which is described in fragmented sentences. She has visions of “long... (full context)
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That evening, Yeong-hye prepares a meatless meal. Mr. Cheong is furious that she threw out all of the... (full context)
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Mr. Cheong asks Yeong-hye if there will never be meat in the house again. Yeong-hye explains that he usually... (full context)
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Mr. Cheong also finds Yeong-hye’s decision  strange because she’s never been a picky eater and has always been skillful in... (full context)
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A few months pass. Yeong-hye sticks to her vegetarianism and loses weight rapidly. She also becomes less attentive toward Mr.... (full context)
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Mr. Cheong starts to worry that Yeong-hye “might genuinely be going soft in the head.” She becomes unable to sleep, seemingly haunted... (full context)
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Yeong-hye, from her own perspective, recounts the morning before she had the first dream. She had... (full context)
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Soon after, Mr. Cheong and Yeong-hye go to a company dinner with Mr. Cheong’s co-workers—the first time his boss has invited... (full context)
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When the food is brought out family-style, a waiter tries to serve Yeong-hye soup, but Yeong-hye stops the waiter and tells him that she does not eat meat.... (full context)
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Mr. Cheong’s boss’s wife asks if Yeong-hye became a vegetarian for a reason like health or religion. Mr. Cheong cuts in, saying... (full context)
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Twelve courses are served, and Yeong-hye has little to eat, as most of the dishes contain meat or fish. The others... (full context)
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That evening, after Yeong-hye goes to bed, Mr. Cheong decides to phone Yeong-hye’s mother. He tells her that Yeong-hye... (full context)
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Another of Yeong-hye’s dreams follows: “Dreams of murder,” she recounts. She dreams of metal striking a victim’s head,... (full context)
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Yeong-hye’s mother and In-hye’s calls have no effect on Yeong-hye. The next weekend, Yeong-hye’s father calls,... (full context)
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The family schedules a get-together in June, which Mr. Cheong hopes will set Yeong-hye straight. In the meantime, Mr. Cheong becomes sexually frustrated. On nights when he would come... (full context)
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Humanity and Violence vs. Vegetation and Innocence Theme Icon
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...incredibly humid in Seoul, and when Mr. Cheong returns home from work, he finds that Yeong-hye is in the kitchen peeling potatoes—completely naked from the waist up. When he asks why... (full context)
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The narrative returns to Yeong-hye’s dreams. She pictures throttling someone’s throat, or jamming her fingers into someone’s eye. She finds... (full context)
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Yeong-hye thinks that she “can only trust [her] breasts now” because “nothing can be killed by... (full context)
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At the family gathering at In-hye’s apartment, In-hye and Yeong-hye’s brother-in-law are introduced. Mr. Cheong describes how In-hye is the primary breadwinner in the family,... (full context)
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Mr. Cheong, In-hye, the brother-in-law, Yeong-hye’s father and mother, and Yeong-hye’s brother Yeong-ho all make pleasant conversation over lunch, but Yeong-hye... (full context)
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Yeong-hye’s mother brings in an assortment of dishes with meat and fish in them, insisting that... (full context)
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Yeong-ho and Mr. Cheong are slightly appalled at Yeong-hye’s father’s behavior, but they do not let go of Yeong-hye. Yeong-hye’s father slaps her again,... (full context)
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Yeong-hye has a memory of herself at nine years old, when she was bitten by a... (full context)
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Yeong-hye is asleep in the hospital, now out of critical condition after being brought by Mr.... (full context)
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The next day, Mr. Cheong visits Yeong-hye at the hospital after work. Yeong-hye’s mother also visits, and she gives Yeong-hye goat soup... (full context)
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Yeong-hye thinks that she doesn’t know why “that woman” (her mother) is crying. She looks at... (full context)
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Yeong-hye’s mother leaves the ward, and Mr. Cheong lies down on a side bed to sleep... (full context)
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When Mr. Cheong wakes up, Yeong-hye has gone, and has pulled out her IV. He searches through the hospital, and ultimately... (full context)
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Mr. Cheong approaches Yeong-hye, and she smiles faintly at him. He asks what she’s doing, and covers her body... (full context)
Chapter 2: Mongolian Mark
The Body, Agency, and Resistance Theme Icon
Humanity and Violence vs. Vegetation and Innocence Theme Icon
...Ji-woo still had a Mongolian mark while giving him a bath. In-hye had remarked that Yeong-hye still had a Mongolian mark when she was 20, and possibly still has it. In... (full context)
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...from a friend, install lighting, and get body paints. He wonders how he might convince Yeong-hye to participate, and quickly realizes that the video he planned would likely be categorized as... (full context)
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...with her and Ji-woo. The brother-in-law has been avoiding her because he can only see Yeong-hye’s face when he looks at her. He prefers Yeong-hye’s eyes, her voice, her clothes. He... (full context)
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...hadn’t heard from the brother-in-law all day, Ji-woo has a cold, and she’s worried about Yeong-hye, who was just served divorce papers. The brother-in-law asks if he should call Yeong-hye, and... (full context)
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It had been two years prior that Yeong-hye had cut herself. The brother-in-law is haunted by how she had screamed, and remembers carrying... (full context)
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In the present, the brother-in-law calls Yeong-hye and tells her that In-hye is worried. He recalls how, after she had been hospitalized,... (full context)
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The brother-in-law drives to Yeong-hye’s apartment, bringing some fruit for her to eat. When he arrives, he climbs to her... (full context)
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The brother-in-law apologizes for staring, but Yeong-hye says it’s okay, explaining that she just likes being undressed when she’s on her own.... (full context)
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The brother-in-law invites Yeong-hye for a walk and buys her a shaved ice from a nearby café. He stares... (full context)
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...a friend’s studio. Close to 3 p.m., he walks to the train station to meet Yeong-hye there. He receives a call from In-hye telling him that she’s running late at the... (full context)
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A few nights prior, after going to see Yeong-hye, the brother-in-law had been overcome by desire and pulled In-hye to him in bed. He... (full context)
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The brother-in-law brings Yeong-hye back from the station, and he instructs her to take off her clothes and lie... (full context)
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When the brother-in-law is done painting Yeong-hye’s backside, he realizes something about her body: “this was the body of a beautiful young... (full context)
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Yeong-hye and the brother-in-law take a brief break, after which the brother-in-law resumes painting, this time... (full context)
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When the brother-in-law is finished, he asks Yeong-hye to lie on her side, and he films her body, panning and zooming the camera... (full context)
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Yeong-hye and the brother-in-law find a Buddhist restaurant, which is more likely to have vegetarian food.... (full context)
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The brother-in-law drops Yeong-hye off at her building and thanks her. She smiles in response, and the brother-in-law thinks... (full context)
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...insecure about his aging body. He wonders who might agree to do it, and how Yeong-hye would react. He knows that he has reached a point of no return, but can’t... (full context)
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The brother-in-law has a dream about Yeong-hye, lying in front of him, her whole body covered in green paint. He opens her... (full context)
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The next day, the brother-in-law calls Yeong-hye again, asking if she’s washed the paint off. She says she hasn’t, as it’s stopping... (full context)
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...morning he agrees to be the model. J arrives at the studio, quite nervous, and Yeong-hye returns, still covered in flowers. The brother-in-law paints J, first in purple hydrangeas on his... (full context)
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When the brother-in-law has finished painting, Yeong-hye takes her clothes off once more. She and J kneel together, and she moves close... (full context)
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The brother-in-law continues to direct J and Yeong-hye, telling them to lie on top of each other. Yeong-hye gently pushes J down and... (full context)
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J continues, but his and Yeong-hye’s sexual tension has dissipated, and J’s movements are forced. The brother-in-law is frustrated: he can... (full context)
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After J leaves, the brother-in-law apologizes to Yeong-hye. She starts to laugh as she dresses; when he asks why, she replies, “Because I’m... (full context)
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The brother-in-law returns to his studio, where Yeong-hye is waiting naked. Forgetting the lighting and the camcorder, he lays her down “with a... (full context)
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The brother-in-law apologizes; their sex had been very one-sided and hadn’t lasted five minutes. Yeong-hye turns on the light so she can see him, and starts stroking the flowers on... (full context)
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As dawn approaches, the brother-in-law licks Yeong-hye’s Mongolian mark. He thinks that he wants to swallow Yeong-hye. She asks if her dreams... (full context)
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When the brother-in-law wakes up at 1 p.m., Yeong-hye is still asleep. He puts on pants, then realizes that the camcorder is gone. He... (full context)
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...In-hye stops him and tells him that she’s called emergency services, as both he and Yeong-hye are clearly in need of medical treatment. She asks how he could do this when... (full context)
Chapter 3: Flaming Trees
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...is narrated by In-hye. Two years later, In-hye is traveling to the psychiatric hospital where Yeong-hye now lives. A few months earlier, Yeong-hye had gone missing during the hour in which... (full context)
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...had been running a fever for three days. At night, after receiving the call that Yeong-hye had been found, In-hye continues to care for him, holding a wet cloth to his... (full context)
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...stop to the psychiatric hospital. As she walks, In-hye thinks about her sister growing up. Yeong-hye had grown more and more reserved as she grew; In-hye even thinks that “there were... (full context)
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...in the front garden that glinted on sunny days. She closes her eyes and sees Yeong-hye’s face overlaid on the tree as she waits for the doctor to meet her. She... (full context)
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In-hye thinks of how everything fell apart after Yeong-hye became a vegetarian, and what she could have done to prevent everything from dissolving: she... (full context)
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In-hye recalls the day she found her husband and Yeong-hye. Paramedics had gotten Yeong-hye into a straitjacket while she struggled, biting them. Her husband had... (full context)
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...months of lawsuits and inquiries, and then went into hiding. In-hye never saw him again. Yeong-hye had been sent back to a mental hospital. She refused to eat meat, and often... (full context)
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A doctor approaches In-hye and brings her to a consulting room. He tells her that Yeong-hye’s is still refusing to eat, and explains that they will try to feed her intravenously.... (full context)
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In-hye walks to Yeong-hye’s room. She remembers the first time she brought Yeong-hye to the ward. Yeong-hye had been... (full context)
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Yeong-hye had been in favor of coming to the psychiatric ward, and when she visited the... (full context)
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In-hye remembers another incident when she had visited Yeong-hye, and found her sister doing a handstand. A nurse told her she’d been doing so... (full context)
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In the present, In-hye approaches Yeong-hye’s room. She sees another patient, Hee-joo, on the way. Hee-joo is receiving treatment for alcoholism... (full context)
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In-hye approaches Yeong-hye, who is completely emaciated and looks like an “overgrown child,” having lost so much weight.... (full context)
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After Yeong-hye had been found in the forest, In-hye met with her doctor, who told her that... (full context)
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In-hye brings food to Yeong-hye. She wants to convince her to eat, but Yeong-hye appears to be asleep. In-hye recalls... (full context)
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In-hye thinks back to when she and Yeong-hye had gotten lost on a mountain as children, and Yeong-hye suggested they not go back... (full context)
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Back in the present, In-hye watches Yeong-hye sleeping and thinks about how Yeong-hye told her that she went to the forest because... (full context)
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...earlier, in the spring of the  year when her husband had made the video of Yeong-hye. In-hye had bled from her vagina for close to a month. She was afraid of... (full context)
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Back in the present, time passes of In-hye’s 30 minutes, but Yeong-hye is still asleep. In-hye finally admits that Yeong-hye is actually insane. She wonders if she... (full context)
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In-hye’s 30 minutes is up, so she packs up the food that she brought for Yeong-hye. In-hye sees the doctor and tells him that it didn’t seem like Yeong-hye was conscious.... (full context)
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As Yeong-hye is carried into another ward, she thrashes wildly. In-hye is made to step out of... (full context)
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...and runs into the room, but a carer grabs her to stop her from acting. Yeong-hye shrieks and shakes her head so violently that blood gushes out of the tube and... (full context)
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The doctor tells In-hye that they need to transfer Yeong-hye to the main hospital to keep her alive. In-hye runs to the bathroom and vomits.... (full context)
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In-hye and Yeong-hye sit in the ambulance. In-hye  brushes Yeong-hye’s hair with her fingers, which reminds her of... (full context)
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...for a moment, she had thought to abandon Ji-woo. She wonders if her husband and Yeong-hye had not “smashed through all the boundaries,” that perhaps she might have been the one... (full context)
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Yeong-hye opens her eyes, but says nothing. In-hye says to Yeong-hye, “Perhaps this is all a... (full context)