The Way to Rainy Mountain
by N. Scott Momaday
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Prologue Quotes

In one sense, then, the way to Rainy Mountain is preeminently the history of an idea, man’s idea of himself, and it has old and essential being in language. The verbal tradition by which it has been preserved has suffered a deterioration in time. What remains is fragmentary: mythology, legend, lore, and hearsay—and of course the idea itself, as crucial and complete as it ever was. That is the miracle.

Related Characters: N. Scott Momaday (speaker), The Kiowas
Related Symbols: Rainy Mountain
Page Number and Citation: 3
Explanation and Analysis:
This passage explains N. Scott Momaday’s intention for his book. He is writing a history of the Kiowa migration, but the deeper history he wishes to tell is the history of how the Kiowas understand themselves as people (in other words, “man’s idea of himself”). When he writes that this idea has its being in language, he is implying that people are able to have ideas about themselves only to the extent that they can state those ideas in language. It’s a debatable premise, but it is the premise on which Momaday bases his book. He continues on to state Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Te

The buffalo was the animal representation of the sun, the essential and sacrificial victim of the Sun Dance. When the wild herds were destroyed, so too was the will of the Kiowa people; there was nothing to sustain them in spirit. But these are idle recollections, the mean and ordinary agonies of human history. The interim was a time of great adventure and nobility and fulfillment.

Related Characters: N. Scott Momaday (speaker), The Kiowas
Page Number and Citation: 3
Explanation and Analysis:
This passage ties together the hardships of the beginning of the Kiowa migration—the time before the Kiowas had Tai-me or horses—and the hardships that the Kiowas faced after disastrous treaties with the U.S. government and the disappearance of the buffalo. This implies a circularity in Momaday’s (and the Kiowas’) understanding of history: the conditions of the past returned hundreds of years later, though in a form and context slightly different from before. It’s notable that Momaday seems to dismiss these periods of hardship (despite their recurrence) as unimportant (or, at least, unremarkable). Momaday suggests that the more important subject to Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perfe

The imaginative experience and the historical express equally the traditions of man’s reality.

Related Characters: N. Scott Momaday (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 4
Explanation and Analysis:
This quote is fundamental to understanding Momaday’s reasoning behind telling Kiowa history the way he does. In traditional Euro-American history, scholars must have material evidence in order to claim that something happened in the past. This kind of evidence could be artifacts, diaries, historical newspapers, etc., but scholars are required to provide physical proof of an event in order to be believed. Many of the stories that Momaday tells lack evidence and even defy common sense: people turn into animals, unexplained intuition saves people from beasts, magic words affect the landscape, or objects give spiritual power to people. In traditional Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corporis. Hic tempore laborum. Nisi quia ea. Quia soluta itaque. Deleni

To look upon that landscape in the early morning, with the sun at your back, is to lose the sense of proportion. Your imagination comes to life, and this, you think, is where Creation was begun.

Related Characters: N. Scott Momaday (speaker)
Related Symbols: Rainy Mountain
Page Number and Citation: 5
Explanation and Analysis:
In this passage, Momaday is referring to the landscape of Rainy Mountain, or, in other words, the landscape of the Kiowa homeland. Crucially, this passage comes just before Momaday discusses his own return to Rainy Mountain and his decision to retrace the Kiowa migration. This quote is a way to explain the reasoning behind Momaday’s choice. To Momaday (and, presumably, to the other Kiowas) landscape is not a backdrop to culture and history, but an integral part of Kiowa history and identity. Therefore, to seriously engage with the landscape is an essential part of understanding who the Kiowas are and Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae

Introduction Quotes

Although my grandmother lived out her long life in the shadow of Rainy Mountain, the immense landscape of the continental interior lay like memory in her blood.

Related Characters: N. Scott Momaday (speaker), Aho
Related Symbols: Rainy Mountain
Page Number and Citation: 7
Explanation and Analysis:
This quote gestures towards an important premise of the book: that history and memory are stored within people, particularly elders. Momaday’s grandmother Aho serves throughout the book as a proxy for the history of the Kiowas, since she witnessed the last Kiowa Sun Dance (the last moment of the Kiowa golden age, when the Kiowas were able to be most themselves). The Kiowa spirit, then, lived within her, even though Kiowa culture had been in decline for decades. Momaday takes this premise further through a chain of metaphors: “landscape of the continental interior” is a stand-in for the Kiowa migration, Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur

There is a perfect freedom in the mountains, but it belongs to the eagle and the elk, the badger and the bear. The Kiowas reckoned their stature by the distance they could see, and they were bent and blind in the wilderness.

Related Characters: N. Scott Momaday (speaker), The Kiowas
Page Number and Citation: 7
Explanation and Analysis:
This passage demonstrates the extent to which the Kiowas believed that the landscape shaped people. Before the Kiowas migrated to the southern plains, they lived in the northern wilderness, and this was a time of great hardship. Momaday explains this hardship in relation to nature; the Kiowas understood their place in the world by how far they could see, so in the wilderness they thought of themselves as being of low-status. Though he doesn’t say so, this sense of low status was clearly underscored by the difficulty Kiowas had hunting before the introduction of the horse. Momaday is careful not Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Vo

My grandmother was there. Without bitterness, and for as long as she lived, she bore a vision of deicide.

Related Characters: N. Scott Momaday (speaker), Aho
Page Number and Citation: 10
Explanation and Analysis:
In this passage, Momaday is referring to the last attempt to hold a Kiowa Sun Dance, a ceremony that was central to Kiowa religion. Aho was present when the Kiowas gathered for the Sun Dance for the final time, but the ceremony did not occur because the U.S. government sent soldiers to prevent the Kiowas from practicing their religion. This was an act explicitly meant to undermine Kiowa power and destroy Kiowa culture and religion, which were seen as threats to the white, Christian colonization of the American West. This quote explains the effect that witnessing this act had on Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et

Their wives and daughters served them well. The women might indulge themselves; gossip was at once the mark and compensation of their servitude. They made loud and elaborate talk among themselves, full of jest and gesture, fright and false alarm.

Related Characters: N. Scott Momaday (speaker), Aho
Page Number and Citation: 11-12
Explanation and Analysis:
In several moments in the book Momaday writes directly about the hardships that Kiowa women faced, acknowledging that they were given lower status than Kiowa men. Momaday’s observation, then, that the women talked and gossiped constantly, and that this talk was “at once the mark and compensation of their servitude,” is a complex one. First, it shows the importance of language to Kiowa life—that language and storytelling could be a reward for servitude indicates the great importance and joy that language brought the Kiowas. Second, the notion of language as the “mark” of servitude seems to suggest that, since women Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut.

The Setting Out Quotes

A hundred years ago the Comanche Ten Bears remarked upon the great number of horses which the Kiowas owned. “When we first knew you,” he said, “you had nothing but dogs and sleds.” It was so; the dog is primordial. Perhaps it was dreamed into being.

Related Characters: Comanches, The Kiowas
Related Symbols: Horses
Page Number and Citation: 21
Explanation and Analysis:
This quote gets at several important themes of the book. First, it underscores the idea of the horse as being an essential component of Kiowa identity—before the introduction of the horse, the Kiowas lived a demeaning and hard life, but the horse allowed them to become who they were meant to be. Since horses signify the golden age of Kiowa history and dogs are symbolic of the hard life the Kiowas lived beforehand, this again emphasizes that Kiowas understood themselves in relation to the natural world. The Kiowas suggest that horses and dogs changed them, rather than implying that they Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corporis. Hic

A word has power in and of itself. It comes from nothing into sound and meaning; it gives origin to all things. By means of words can a man deal with the world on equal terms. And the word is sacred. A man’s name is his own; he can keep it or give it away as he likes. Until recent times, the Kiowas would not speak the name of a dead man. To do so would have been disrespectful and dishonest. The dead take their names with them out of the world.

Page Number and Citation: 33
Explanation and Analysis:
This quote is resonant with Momaday’s comment in the prologue that the Kiowas’ idea of themselves is an idea that exists fundamentally in language. Here, the voice of history is suggesting a literal creative power of words—that words bring ideas (and even objects, as his use of “all things” seems to suggest) into being, rather than just representing them. In other words, he suggests that ideas and things would not exist independently of words. Because of this creative power—which is deliberately god-like—words have a sacred quality and a spiritual power to them, demonstrated by the Kiowa tradition of not speaking Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusa

It was not an exclamation so much, I think, as it was a warding off, an exertion of language upon ignorance and disorder.

Related Characters: Aho
Page Number and Citation: 33
Explanation and Analysis:
Directly following the tribal story of the twins using magic words to escape the giants’ cave, and the subsequent meditation on the creative powers of language, Momaday here tells a personal story about the word Aho used when she was frightened. This seems to provide a concrete example of the more abstract powers that the voice of history has just attributed to language. Momaday emphasizes that Aho’s use of the word was not a passive reaction to a frightening situation, but rather a way of taking control and asserting her influence on the world. The word was not exactly a Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore

There was a great holiness all about in the room, as if an old person had died there or a child had been born.

Related Characters: N. Scott Momaday, Tai-me
Page Number and Citation: 37
Explanation and Analysis:
This quote is Momaday’s personal memory of visiting the Tai-me bundle as a child. Tai-me is the foundational religious object of the Kiowas, and, as such, its presence is sacred. Momaday describes the whole room as having been suffused with Tai-me’s holiness, and it is significant that this sacredness is described in human terms rather than divine ones—a religious object reminds Momaday of being in the presence of birth or death, two of the most definitive human experiences. This emphasizes the interconnectedness, rather than the separateness, of the human and the divine, which echoes the interconnectedness that the Kiowas saw Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a.

The Going On Quotes

The old men were the best arrowmakers, for they could bring time and patience to their craft. The young men—the fighters and hunters—were willing to pay a high price for arrows that were well made.

Page Number and Citation: 47
Explanation and Analysis:
Throughout the book, Momaday emphasizes the respect that the Kiowas have for older people. This has generally been discussed in the context of storytelling; it is elders who know best the history of the tribe, and it is therefore elders who bear the responsibility and honor of passing on Kiowa history and culture. This quote is a different example of the importance of elders—their experience and patience means that they are able to make arrows of superior quality to the arrows of younger arrowmakers. This passage points, also, to the gender divide among Kiowas. The voice of personal memory that Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Du

The Kiowa language is hard to understand, but, you know, the storm spirit understands it. This is how it was: Long ago the Kiowas decided to make a horse; they decided to make it out of clay, and so they began to shape the clay with their hands. Well, the horse began to be. But it was a terrible, terrible thing.

Related Characters: The Kiowas
Related Symbols: Horses
Page Number and Citation: 48
Explanation and Analysis:
This passage begins the Kiowa story of the storm spirit, which explains the phenomenon of storms; the storm spirit emerged from a botched attempt to make a horse out of clay, and the terrible creature that resulted creates frightening storms. Nevertheless, these storms are not truly a threat to the Kiowas, because the storm spirit understands their language and will therefore pass them by when asked. This story is a fascinating tribute to the power of language—like Aho’s word that she wields against frightening things, the Kiowas can use language to diminish the threat of storms. This is also the Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perfe

The Closing In Quotes

Once in his life a man ought to concentrate his mind upon the remembered earth, I believe. He ought to give himself up to a particular landscape in his experience, to look at it from as many angles as he can, to wonder about it, to dwell upon it. He ought to imagine that he touches it with his hands at every season and listens to the sounds that are made upon it. He ought to imagine the creatures there and all the faintest motions of the wind. He ought to recollect the glare of noon and all the colors of the dawn and dusk.

Related Characters: N. Scott Momaday
Page Number and Citation: 83
Explanation and Analysis:
This passage closes the body of the book—only the epilogue is left after this, and so this marks the end of the three-section structure that maps onto the three major periods of Kiowa history. As such, this passage can be read as a way to make a conclusion from the arc of Kiowa history, and as a conclusion, it conspicuously refuses to make any sweeping statement of meaning or destiny. Instead, Momaday brings Kiowa history back to the personal, the landscape, and, significantly, the imagination. Momaday had previously referred to the landscape of Rainy Mountain as evoking a sense of Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corporis. Hic tempore laborum. Nisi quia ea. Quia soluta itaque. Deleniti nisi earum. Ad tenetur laboriosam. Eum accusamus harum

Epilogue Quotes

The falling stars seemed to imagine the sudden and violent disintegration of an old order.

Related Characters: N. Scott Momaday (speaker), The Kiowas
Page Number and Citation: 85
Explanation and Analysis:
Momaday opens the epilogue by describing a startlingly bright meteor shower that occurred just as the Kiowa golden age was fraying due to U.S. government violence and the theft of Tai-me by Osages. Significantly, Momaday states that the meteor shower became the symbol of the transition from golden age to decline—the meteor shower represented the “disintegration of an old order.” To define a historical period based on a natural phenomenon whose import was symbolic (rather than, for instance, catastrophic to landscape/human lives) is a different convention than Euro-American history, which tends to define historical periods based on significant political events Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asp

The culture would persist for a while in decline, until about 1875, but then it would be gone, and there would be very little material evidence that it had ever been. Yet it is within the reach of memory still, though tenuously now, and moreover it is even defined in a remarkably rich and living verbal tradition which demands to be preserved for its own sake. The living memory and the verbal tradition which transcends it were brought together once and for all in the person of Ko-sahn.

Related Characters: N. Scott Momaday (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 85-86
Explanation and Analysis:
At the close of the book, Momaday emphasizes, once again, that Kiowa history and culture are inextricable from their mode of transmission: the oral tradition. Without language and storytelling, in other words, Kiowa history could not live on. Momaday does not sugarcoat the damage that has been done to the oral tradition—as old people with firsthand memories of the golden age die off and as (forced and unforced) assimilation by Kiowas to Euro-American culture weakens the continuity and relevance of Kiowa stories, the oral tradition becomes weaker. For this reason, and because of the richness and power of the oral Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. L
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