The Wings of the Dove

by Henry James

Moral Ambiguity and Responsibility Theme Analysis

Themes and Colors
Class Hierarchy in English Society  Theme Icon
Illness and Mortality Theme Icon
Moral Ambiguity and Responsibility Theme Icon
Transactional Relationships  Theme Icon
Secrecy, Deception, and Misunderstanding Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in The Wings of the Dove, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Moral Ambiguity and Responsibility Theme Icon
Moral Ambiguity and Responsibility Theme Icon

On the surface, The Wings of the Dove can seem morally straightforward. Two people, Merton and Kate, manipulate a wealthy American (Milly) in an attempt to swindle her out of her money, take it for themselves, and marry to live happily ever after. In that telling, Merton and Kate come across as villains, while Milly is an innocent victim. However, a more nuanced look shows how the central event of the novel—Merton’s apparent romance with Milly—isn’t as morally clear-cut as it may initially seem. This is most evident in the complex web of motivations that leads several characters to encourage Merton to seduce Milly. For example, Mrs. Stringham, Milly’s closest friend, who cares more about Milly than she does about any other character in the novel, encourages the romance between Merton and Milly because she wants Milly to live life fully—to experience romance before she dies. Even after Mrs. Stringham learns that Kate and Merton are secretly engaged, she doesn’t condemn Merton’s behavior. Instead, she says that he has acted extraordinarily in his attempts to encourage Milly’s feelings for him, underlining the complexity of what could seem like a morally straightforward situation.

Even Milly, the novel suggests, is not entirely devoid of responsibility concerning her romance with Merton. That is, Milly seems to realize early in the novel that Kate and Merton have feelings for each other, but she chooses not to ask Kate and Merton directly about their relationship because she is afraid that what she might learn would make it impossible for her to pursue Merton. Through the depictions of the psychological complexities and motivations that lead several characters to endorse Merton’s seduction of Milly, then, the novel complicates what might seem like a morally straightforward story. In that way, the novel argues that morality is not a simple binary of right and wrong. Instead, morality is profoundly nuanced, and the complexity of each person’s individual motivations makes it impossible to make reflexive judgments about right and wrong with any authority. At the same time, however, the novel makes clear that people still have an ethical obligation to behave morally. At the end of the novel, Merton takes responsibility for his role in manipulating Milly by choosing not to take her fortune, which she has left to him. In that way, the novel argues that even though morality may be nuanced and complex, one cannot use that complexity as an excuse to avoid taking responsibility for one’s actions.

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Moral Ambiguity and Responsibility Quotes in The Wings of the Dove

Below you will find the important quotes in The Wings of the Dove related to the theme of Moral Ambiguity and Responsibility.

Book 1, Chapter 2 Quotes

Aunt Maud’s intervention was all sharp now, and the other point, the great one, was that it was to be, in this light, either all put up with or all declined. Yet at the winter’s end, nevertheless, she could scarce have said what stand she conceived she had taken. It wouldn’t be the first time she had seen herself obliged to accept with smothered irony other people’s interpretation of her conduct. She often ended by giving up to them – it seemed really the way to live – the version that met their convenience.

Related Characters: Kate, Marian, Maud, Lionel, Merton, Milly
Page Number and Citation: 20
Explanation and Analysis:

Book 2, Chapter 1 Quotes

‘But have you offered to live with your sister?’

‘I would in a moment if she’d have me. That’s all my virtue – a narrow little family feeling. I’ve a small stupid piety – I don’t know what to call it.’ Kate bravely stuck to that; she made it out. ‘Sometimes, alone, I’ve to smother my shrieks when I think of my poor mother. She went through things – they pulled her down; I know what they were now – I didn’t then, for I was a pig; and my position, compared with hers, is an insolence of success. That’s what Marian keeps before me; that’s what papa himself, as I say, so inimitably does. My position’s a value, a great value, for them both.

[…]

‘It’s a perpetual sound in my ears. It makes me ask myself if I’ve any right to personal happiness, any right to anything but to be as rich and overflowing, as smart and shining, as I can be made.’

Related Characters: Merton (speaker), Kate (speaker), Maud, Lionel, Marian, Kate’s Mother
Page Number and Citation: 58
Explanation and Analysis:

Book 7, Chapter 4 Quotes

With that there came to her a light: wouldn’t her value, for the man who should marry her, be precisely in the ravage of her disease? She mightn’t last, but her money would. For a man in whom the vision of her money should be intense, in whom it should be most of the ground for ‘making up’ to her, any prospective failure on her part to be long for this world might easily count as a positive attraction. Such a man, proposing to please, persuade, secure her, appropriate her for such a time, shorter or longer, as nature and the doctors should allow, would make the best of her, ill, damaged, disagreeable though she might be, for the sake of eventual benefits: she being clearly a person of the sort esteemed likely to do the handsome thing by a stricken and sorrowing husband.

Related Characters: Milly, Lord Mark
Page Number and Citation: 355
Explanation and Analysis:

‘Only I can’t listen or receive or accept – I can’t agree. I can’t make a bargain. I can’t really. You must believe that from me. It’s all I’ve wanted to say to you.’

Related Characters: Milly (speaker), Merton, Kate, Lord Mark
Page Number and Citation: 363
Explanation and Analysis:

Book 8, Chapter 3 Quotes

‘I’m taking a trouble for you I never dreamed I should take for any human creature.’

Related Characters: Merton (speaker), Kate, Milly
Page Number and Citation: 410-411
Explanation and Analysis:

‘What I don’t make out is how, caring for me, you can like it.’

‘I don’t like it, but I’m a person, thank goodness, who can do what I don’t like.’

Related Characters: Merton (speaker), Kate (speaker), Milly
Page Number and Citation: 413
Explanation and Analysis:

Book 9, Chapter 4 Quotes

He had thought, no doubt, from the day he was born, much more than he had acted; except indeed that he remembered thoughts – a few of them – which at the moment of their coming to him had thrilled him almost like adventures.

Related Characters: Merton, Sir Strett, Milly, Kate, Mrs. Stringham
Page Number and Citation: 463
Explanation and Analysis:

Book 10, Chapter 1 Quotes

‘She never wanted the truth’ – Kate had a high headshake. ‘She wanted you. She would have taken from you what you could give her and been glad of it, even if she had known it false. You might have lied to her from pity, and she have seen you and felt you lie, and yet – since it was all for tenderness – she would have thanked you and blessed you and clung to you but the more. For that was your strength, my dear man – that she loves you with passion.’

Related Characters: Kate (speaker), Merton, Milly
Page Number and Citation: 487
Explanation and Analysis:

‘The great thing,’ Kate then resumed, ‘is that she’s satisfied. Which,’ she continued, looking across at him, ‘is what I’ve worked for.’

‘Satisfied to die in the flower of her youth?’

‘Well, at peace with you.’

‘Oh “peace”!’ he murmured with his eyes on the fire. ‘The peace of having loved.’ He raised his eyes to her. ‘Is that peace?’

‘Of having been loved,’ she went on. ‘That is. Of having,’ she wound up, ‘realized her passion. She wanted nothing more. She has had all she wanted.’

Related Characters: Kate (speaker), Merton (speaker), Milly
Page Number and Citation: 492
Explanation and Analysis:

Book 10, Chapter 2 Quotes

‘My dear man, what has happened to you?’

‘Well, that I can bear it no longer. That’s simply what has happened. Something has snapped, has broken in me, and here I am. It’s as I am that you must have me.’

He saw her try for a time to appear to consider it; but he saw her also not consider it. Yet he saw her, felt her, further – he heard her, with her clear voice – try to be intensely kind with him. ‘I don’t see, you know, what has changed.’

Related Characters: Merton (speaker), Kate (speaker), Milly, Maud
Page Number and Citation: 503-504
Explanation and Analysis:

Book 10, Chapter 6 Quotes

‘I used to call her, in my stupidity – for want of anything better – a dove. Well she stretched out her wings, and it was to that they reached. They cover us.’

‘They cover us,’ [Merton] Densher said.

Related Characters: Kate (speaker), Merton (speaker), Milly
Related Symbols: Dove
Page Number and Citation: 546
Explanation and Analysis:

‘Her memory’s your love. You want no other.’

He heard her out in stillness, watching her face but not moving. Then he only said: ‘I’ll marry you, mind you, in an hour.’

‘As we were?’

‘As we were.’

But she turned to the door, and her headshake was now the end. ‘We shall never be again as we were!’

Related Characters: Merton (speaker), Kate (speaker), Milly
Page Number and Citation: 548
Explanation and Analysis: