Three Day Road
Three Day Road
by Joseph Boyden
Xavier’s aunt and Rabbit’s sister. Niska is the hookimaw, or spiritual leader, or her clan, and she is “the second to last in a long line of windigo killers.” After Niska’s father dies in a wemistikoshiw (European) jail, Niska’s mother continues to raise Niska in the traditional way until scarce game forces them onto the Moose Factory reserve. The nuns at the residential school abuse Niska for speaking her Native language and strip her of her Native identity. Niska’s mother helps her escape the school, and they return to the bush, where Niska lives for the rest of her live. Niska begins to have “visions” of a young boy on the reserve (her nephew, Xavier) and she brings him to live in the bush, teaching him the traditional ways of the Cree people. Xavier’s best friend, Elijah (a young Anishnabe boy from the reserve), spends time with them too, and together they are a family. Xavier and Elijah later enlist in World War I, and Niska is told that Xavier has been killed. She goes to Moose Factory to get Elijah when he returns home from the war and is shocked to see “the ghost of her nephew” stepping off the train. Xavier is alive but has been badly wounded and is addicted to morphine. As Niska brings Xavier home to the bush—a three-day trip down the river—he comes closer and closer to death. Niska nourishes Xavier’s wounded and exhausted soul with her stories, and on the last day of their journey when it appears that all hope is lost and Xavier will certainly die, Niska builds a matatosowin and calls on the spirit of Gitchi Manitou. Niska cleanses and purifies Xavier’s soul and body in this sweat lodge, and when they finally climb out, Xavier “breathes calmly.” Niska is the embodiment of traditional Cree culture and identity in Three Day Road. She resists assimilation and rejects wemistikoshiw culture. She remains true to her indigenous identity, and, presumably, she saves Xavier’s life by returning him to their Native roots and lifestyle.

Niska Quotes in Three Day Road

The Three Day Road quotes below are all either spoken by Niska or refer to Niska. For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
Isolation vs. Community Theme Icon
).

Noohtaawiy: My Father Quotes

The following afternoon my mother and father prepared the bear for us. Normally we did our butchering outside, but the bear was our brother, and so he was invited in. Nothing was rushed. Nothing was to be wasted for fear of angering him. The knife used couldn't touch anything else. Any of the hair that the bear shed was carefully collected from the floor and clothing, and burned in the fire, whispered prayers drifting up with the stinking smoke. My parents carefully laid the animal on his back on freshly cut spruce boughs, talking to him, whispering prayers for what seemed like hours. They rocked back and forth on their haunches, my father sprinkling bits of powder into the flames that brought into the room a sweet smell I recognized as cedar. I was alarmed when at one point my father began to cry. I'd never seen this before and was frightened, but I remained beneath his heavy moose robe.

Related Characters: Niska (speaker), Niska’s Mother, Niska’s Father
Page Number and Citation: 35
Explanation and Analysis:
This quote appears when Niska’s clan is slowly starving, and they are forced to kill a bear to survive. This passage is incredibly important because it highlights how one must often do unspeakable things to survive in the bush, much like in war, but it also emphasizes the respect and honor found in the bush. Boyden argues that the same respect and honor is not found in war, and this passage is a clear example of such respect. The bear is “invited in” and treated like a “brother.” Niska’s parents take their time butchering the bear so not one single Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corporis. Hic tempore laborum. Nisi quia ea. Quia soluta itaque. Deleniti nisi earum. Ad tenetur laboriosam. Eum accusamus harum. Accusantium iusto voluptas. Totam quae corporis. Impedit non ut. Incidunt rerum est. Aperiam doloremque eum. Animi soluta perspiciatis. Ut minima autem

The world is a different place in this new century, Nephew. And we are a different people. My visions still come but no one listens any longer to what they tell us, what they warn us. I knew even as a young woman that destruction bred on the horizon. In my early visions, numbers of men, higher than any of us could count, were cut down. They lived in the mud like rats and lived only to think of new ways to kill one another. No one is safe in such times, not even the Cree of Mushkegowuk. War touches everyone, and windigos spring from the earth.

Related Characters: Niska (speaker), Xavier Bird
Page Number and Citation: 45
Explanation and Analysis:
This quote occurs during one of Niska’s stories to Xavier, and it is significant because it reflects Niska’s traditional role as her clan’s hookimaw and underscores how assimilation and the encroaching wemistikoshiw have stripped Niska of the power associated with her Native identity and role. Most Indigenous people don’t live Niska’s traditional life as an awawatuk, or someone who lives according to “the old ways,” and as such, “no one listens any longer” to Niska’s visions and warnings. Many Indigenous people have given in to the forced assimilation of the wemistikoshiw, and like the white settlers, they don’t seem to Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit.

Kipwahakan: Captive Quotes

I know that Xavier wants to talk to me. He goes so far as to let words come out of his mouth when he sleeps. He says very little when he's awake. I'm not able to make out more than the odd sentence when he is sleeping, though, and sometimes when he dreams he speaks aloud in English. I can't help but smile a bit when he does. As a child he was so proud that more than once he claimed he would never speak the wemistikoshiw tongue. And now he does even in his sleep. He cannot speak to me yet, and so I decide, here on the river, that I will speak to him. In this way, maybe his tongue will loosen some. Maybe some of the poison that courses through him might be released in this way. Words are all I have left now. I've lived alone so long that I realize I'm starved to talk. And so, as I paddle him gently with the river, I talk to him, tell him about my life.

Related Characters: Niska (speaker), Xavier Bird
Page Number and Citation: 82
Explanation and Analysis:
Here, Niska and Xavier have made camp for the night and Niska continues with her stories. This passage is important because it further reflects the power of storytelling within Indigenous culture to nourish and sustain life, and it also underscores the power of language to both empower Indigenous people and marginalize and isolate them. Niska knows that Xavier “wants to talk to [her].” She knows that he wants to share his story, and thereby purge his body and soul of the trauma and “poison” of his experiences during the war, but he isn’t yet ready to do this. For now, Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corpor

Shakocihew: Seducing Quotes

The awawatuk accepted that I was the natural extension of my father, the new limb through which my family's power travelled. By the time I was living my seventeenth winter, men would come to me not for what men usually seek women out for, but to ask questions and advice. Most often, they wanted to know where to find game, and so I divined for them, placing the shoulder blade of the animal on coals and dripping water onto it as I had watched my father do. The rare hunter came to me wanting to understand the symbol of a dream and sometimes to learn his future. If I had not experienced a fit in some time, I constructed a shaking tent and crawled into it, summoned the spirits of the forest animals to come inside and join me, so many of them sometimes that the walls of my tent puffed out and drew in with their breath, becoming a living thing all its own. Most often, though, it was the spirit of the lynx that came to me first and stayed through the night, showing through its sharp eyes the secrets of the forest.

Related Characters: Niska (speaker), Niska’s Father
Related Symbols: The Lynx
Page Number and Citation: 120
Explanation and Analysis:
This quote occurs as Niska explains her role as her clan’s hookimaw and it is significant for several reason. Through this passage, Boyden makes visible the traditional Native beliefs and culture that wemistikoshiw culture seeks to stamp out through assimilation, and it also highlights Niska’s deep cultural connection to nature and animals. Here, Niska explains more thoroughly the sweat lodge ceremony in which she “divines” the location of game through pyromantic scapulimancy: a moose bone, usually from a recent kill, is heated and water is dipped on it, causing the bone to crack. Niska can read those cracks and use Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque od

Ishinakwahitisiw: Turning Quotes

I lie deep in the trench when the day is calm and think about how the world of the soldier consists of staring up at the sky, crawling upon the earth at night and living beneath it during the day. In the dark of night I think that my life has been divided into three for me by these wemistikoshiw. There was my life before them and their army, there is my life in their army, and, if I live, there will be my life after I have left it and returned home. They must have some magic in their number of three. I know that you, Niska, taught me that we will all someday walk the three-day road, and now I'm left wondering what connection there might be between their world and mine. I need to find out if we share something, some magic. Maybe it will help me get through all this.

Related Characters: Xavier Bird (speaker), Niska
Page Number and Citation: 227
Explanation and Analysis:
This passage occurs in the trenches of World War I when Xavier reflects on the wemistikoshiw “obsession” with the number three, and it is important because it lends insight into the book’s title, Three Day Road. This quote also reflects the assimilation Xavier faces as a soldier in the Canadian Army and just how deeply the wemistikoshiw affect his life. Xavier’s life isn’t his own during the war, which is to be expected. He is told what to do and when to do it, and he has little to no say in anything, but Xavier has little control over his Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corporis. Hic tempore laborum. Nisi quia ea. Quia s

Ka Nipihat Windigowa: Windigo Killer Quotes

I made Xavier smile with my story of smacking the nun with my paddle, and this gives me hope. Steering the canoe slow through the afternoon I watch him drift into sleep. It is a restless time for him, and his face looks like a scared child's when he cries out. To try and ease him a little, I start talking again. The story is not a happy one, but something in me has to tell it. There is truth in this story that Xavier needs to hear, and maybe it is best that he hears it in sleep so that the medicine in the tale can slip into him unnoticed.

Related Characters: Niska (speaker), Xavier Bird, Elijah Whiskeyjack
Page Number and Citation: 240
Explanation and Analysis:
This passage occurs after Niska tells Xavier the story of rescuing him from the residential school, and it is important because it again underscores the power of storytelling in Native Cree culture. Xavier is in incredible pain and is likely dying, but the powerful story of Niska taking Xavier from the school and striking the nun with her canoe paddle brings him some comfort. This is a pleasant memory for both of them—in it they both have the upper hand over the wemistikoshiw—and it gives him some spark, some life, as his strength is slipping away. Once again, Niska’s stories Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos.

"Why does she call you Nephew and not your real name?" he asked.

"Nephew is my real name," you answered. "I am her nephew."

“Does she ever call you by your Christian name?" he asked.

You shook your head, looked at me nervously. "My name is Nephew."

"Your name is Xavier," your friend answered.

It was not said meanly. I could tell from his voice that the boy was simply trying to understand.

"Your Christian name is Xavier," he said. "And mine is Elijah."

Related Characters: Xavier Bird (speaker), Elijah Whiskeyjack (speaker), Niska
Page Number and Citation: 248
Explanation and Analysis:
This quote also occurs in Niska’s story, when Elijah asks Xavier why Niska always calls him Nephew, and it is significant because it highlights the assimilation and cultural whitewashing Indigenous people are forced to endure and the impact it has on one’s identity. Elijah is confused when Niska calls Xavier Nephew. Elijah has only known life on the reserve at this point and doesn’t realize that even he has an identity that he is not fully aware of. He considers their “Christian names” handed out at the residential school their “real names.” The wemistikoshiw have decided what Elijah and Xavier’s Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit nequ

Oniimowi Pineshish: Little Bird Dancer Quotes

"Show us how the grouse danced," Old Francis said, and drunk from the attention, you stood, and made everyone else stand around the fire too. You imitated the big grouse, and everyone lifted their arms and moved around the circle. Do you remember? You called out and we moved around the circle, and then you raised your arms and called out again and we all touched our fingertips above our heads and moved the other way, you rustling your arms like feathered wings and everyone laughing. And that is when I said, "From now on we call you Little Bird Dancer," and everyone laughed and agreed it was a good name for you.

Related Characters: Niska (speaker), Xavier Bird
Related Symbols: Birds and Airplanes
Page Number and Citation: 333-4
Explanation and Analysis:
This passage appears in one of the stories Niska tells Xavier, and it is important because it finally relays the story of Xavier’s name. Boyden mentions Xavier and Elijah’s names earlier in the book and fully explains Elijah’s, but he waits until nearly the end of the book to tell the story of Xavier’s name. The grouse is the first animal Xavier kills while hunting as a young boy, and he is extremely proud of his kill. Xavier shoots a large bull moose right after the grouse, but he remains most proud of the grouse. As Xavier’s clan celebrates his Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Moles

Ntashiihkewin: Home Quotes

Tonight I do not worry about making camp. I just pull our blankets from the canoe and we curl up in them and watch the fire. In a little while I will have to add more wood to keep the chill away. Nephew breathes calmly. I listen to the sounds of the night animals not so far away. I hear the fox and the marten chasing mice. I hear the whoosh of great wings as an Arctic owl sweeps close by, and after that the almost silent step of a bigger animal, a lynx perhaps, keeping watch with her yellow eyes. I lie here and look at the sky, then at the river, the black line of it heading north. By tomorrow we'll be home.

Related Characters: Niska (speaker), Xavier Bird
Related Symbols: Birds and Airplanes, The Lynx
Page Number and Citation: 351
Explanation and Analysis:
This is the final passage of Three Day Road after Niska cleanses Xavier in the sweat lodge ceremony, and it is significant because it implies that Xavier may live after all. Boyden repeatedly suggests that Xavier is on “the three-day road” moving toward his death, but in this quote, Niska no longer seems worried that Xavier is dying. She doesn’t even bother to make camp, she just brings blankets to the fire, which suggests that Xavier is improving and needs less support. He “breathes calmly” for the first time and no longer shows any signs of morphine withdrawal. The presence Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint ape
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Niska Character Timeline in Three Day Road

The timeline below shows where the character Niska appears in Three Day Road. The colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance.
Ekiiwaniwahk: Returning
Racism and Assimilation Theme Icon
Niska hides in the woods just outside of town. She has been there for days, waiting... (full context)
Racism and Assimilation Theme Icon
Nature, War, and Survival Theme Icon
Niska approaches the train station and stands near the back of the covered platform. The people... (full context)
Racism and Assimilation Theme Icon
The last passenger steps out of the train, but Niska does not see Elijah. She looks again to the train and can see a man... (full context)
Racism and Assimilation Theme Icon
Nature, War, and Survival Theme Icon
As Xavier’s eyes meet Niska’s, he falls to the platform. Niska rushes to his side as the wemistikoshiw stare. “I... (full context)
Language and Storytelling Theme Icon
Inside the canoe, Xavier leans against his pack and closes his eyes. Niska watches him closely as she paddles. Xavier “sleeps, but his sleep is not restful.” He... (full context)
Takoshininaaniwan: Arrival
Nature, War, and Survival Theme Icon
Rain falls as Xavier sits by the fire. Like Niska, he does not sleep. “Dead friends” Xavier doesn’t “want to see come to visit” in... (full context)
Language and Storytelling Theme Icon
Nothing “makes any sense” to Xavier. Niska is alive, and Elijah is “missing.” Xavier “shivers in the cold rain” and stares at... (full context)
Noohtaawiy: My Father
Language and Storytelling Theme Icon
Niska stares at the river water and thinks about her father. Niska’s father “was the last... (full context)
Racism and Assimilation Theme Icon
Niska tells Xavier of a cold and dark winter, long before he was born, when thirty... (full context)
Nature, War, and Survival Theme Icon
...clan,” and they looked disgusted. “Who would dare disturb a brother’s winter sleep?” they asked. Niska’s father said they would look for more game until the next day. Only then, in... (full context)
Racism and Assimilation Theme Icon
Nature, War, and Survival Theme Icon
Game was not found, and the next day Niska’s father and mother prepared the bear. Since the bear “was [their] brother,” he was “invited... (full context)
Nature, War, and Survival Theme Icon
Back at the camp, food remained scarce, and the hunters asked Niska’s father to “divine” for them. He built his fire and they brought him the shoulder... (full context)
Isolation vs. Community Theme Icon
...claimed Micah was still in the bush but had provided her with lots of meat. Niska’s mother and father immediately knew something was wrong, and their suspicions were confirmed when they... (full context)
Isolation vs. Community Theme Icon
Nature, War, and Survival Theme Icon
...placed “high in a tree for the manitous to watch over.” In the passing days, Niska listened as Micah’s wife “fell into madness.” In a moment of lucidity, she confessed what... (full context)
Isolation vs. Community Theme Icon
Nature, War, and Survival Theme Icon
Niska’s mother and father had told her of the windigo—people who turn into “wild beasts twenty... (full context)
Isolation vs. Community Theme Icon
Nature, War, and Survival Theme Icon
“He didn’t take long to do it,” Niska tells Xavier. Niska hid under an animal pelt as her father approached Micah’s wife. He... (full context)
Racism and Assimilation Theme Icon
...rest of the winter went on without occurrence. In the spring, a local Indian told Niska’s father that the Hudson’s Bay Company men were looking for him to question him about... (full context)
Isolation vs. Community Theme Icon
By the following spring, word reached the camp that Niska’s father was dead, but Niska already knew. Her “convulsions” had returned that winter, and she... (full context)
Pasitew: Fire
Nature, War, and Survival Theme Icon
Xavier wakes to the sound of Niska’s paddle skimming the water. He looks to the riverbank and notices the obvious line “where... (full context)
Kiskinohanaasowin: Learning
Nature, War, and Survival Theme Icon
Xavier wakes coughing. “Are you all right, Nephew?” Niska asks. “Do you want to know something, Auntie?” Xavier asks. “So many dead men lay... (full context)
Kipwahakan: Captive
Racism and Assimilation Theme Icon
Nature, War, and Survival Theme Icon
“After the death of my father, your grandfather, Xavier,” Niska says, “our people were directionless.” Many went to Moose Factory and “learned to stomach the... (full context)
Racism and Assimilation Theme Icon
Eight of them arrived in Moose Factory, including Niska, her mother, and Rabbit. “So ye all come for handouts now, do ye?” the man... (full context)
Racism and Assimilation Theme Icon
Rabbit wanted to go to school with the other children on the reserve, but Niska refused. Soon, word hit the wemistikoshiw that an Indian girl was running around Moose Factory... (full context)
Racism and Assimilation Theme Icon
Nature, War, and Survival Theme Icon
Niska fought the priest “like a lynx” and tried to run, but she was overpowered. At... (full context)
Racism and Assimilation Theme Icon
As punishment for shaving her head, the nuns threw Niska in a basement room like the one from her vision where her father had been... (full context)
Racism and Assimilation Theme Icon
Nature, War, and Survival Theme Icon
One day, Niska heard the breaking of glass far above her head, and “with a flourish of long... (full context)
Shakocihew: Seducing
Language and Storytelling Theme Icon
Near dark, Niska finds a place to camp. The first day on the river has been “strange” for... (full context)
Isolation vs. Community Theme Icon
Racism and Assimilation Theme Icon
“We weren’t always alone out in the bush,” Niska says to Xavier. There were others, “roving bands of hunters,” who still “lived in the... (full context)
Nature, War, and Survival Theme Icon
Niska’s mother taught Niska to build a matatosowin, or sweat lodge, and showed her which plants... (full context)
Isolation vs. Community Theme Icon
Nature, War, and Survival Theme Icon
Niska first came across the wemistikoshiw trapper in the days following her first “fit” in the... (full context)
Mamishihiwewin: Betrayal
Isolation vs. Community Theme Icon
Racism and Assimilation Theme Icon
Language and Storytelling Theme Icon
“Listen carefully, Nephew,” Niska says to Xavier. The wemistikoshiw trapper, a Frenchman, came to visit often in the bush.... (full context)
Racism and Assimilation Theme Icon
Nature, War, and Survival Theme Icon
...to visit again. While he was there, an awawatuk from a nearby clan knocked on Niska’s door. His clan had found little game for the winter, and he had brought a... (full context)
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The following spring, the wemistikoshiw trapper did not come to visit Niska. By late summer, Niska packed a canoe and headed to the place she had “promised”... (full context)
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“Ashtum,” whispered an old Indian woman from her door. “Come here.” Niska entered and the woman closed the door. “You are the one,” the old woman said.... (full context)
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The old Indian woman offered Niska some food. “There is talk that a certain wemistikoshiw trapper was fucking you,” the old... (full context)
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Niska walked through the wemistikoshiw part of town, but no one stared at her dressed in... (full context)
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Niska and the wemistikoshiw trapper made love inside the church, and afterward, the trapper began to... (full context)
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Niska left the church and went directly back to the bush. She slept hard the moment... (full context)
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In the following months, Niska’s mother came to visit Niska at her lodge. She told Niska that she had heard... (full context)
Mistatimwak: Horses
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...He doesn’t even try to hide anymore, and he takes it right in front of Niska. The medicine is almost gone, and when it is, Xavier doesn’t know what he will... (full context)
Kimotowin: Stealing
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Around midday, Niska steers the canoe to shore. She builds a fire and makes some bannock, but Xavier... (full context)
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Niska’s mother, Xavier’s grandmother, died long before Xavier was born. Illness came and took her quickly,... (full context)
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That year, Niska’s “recurring fits and visions returned.” She knew that the visions were coming “by the change... (full context)
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Watching the children play, Niska made “the sound of a grouse,” and Xavier’s “ears perked.” “Nephew,” Niska said. “I am... (full context)
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Xavier paddled the canoe toward Niska, against the direction of the angry nun, who began yelling at Xavier to go the... (full context)
Onatopaniwiw: Fighter
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...“was not good enough at sneaking,” and they were “forbidden” to go in the room. Niska hums softly from the front of the canoe, and Xavier begins to fall asleep. (full context)
Ishinakwahitisiw: Turning
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...his life in the war, and, if he survives, his life after the war. Even Niska claims everyone will “someday walk the three-day road.” There must be “some magic” in the... (full context)
Ka Nipihat Windigowa: Windigo Killer
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Xavier smiles as Niska tells him the story of the nun. She asks Xavier if he remembers the day... (full context)
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“We will leave at once,” Niska told Xavier, and they set out with the old awawatuk toward his camp. The man’s... (full context)
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Niska did not have a plan as she approached the windigo. He remained calm as she... (full context)
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“I want a friend, Auntie,” Xavier said to Niska as he grew. “I am lonely.” She agreed to move camp closer to town so... (full context)
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...don’t know if it is right to take something that isn’t yours,” Xavier said as Niska stuck her head out of the lodge. “Nephew,” she yelled, “the two of you are... (full context)
Tapakwewin: Snaring
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Niska makes camp, and Xavier injects enough morphine to kill the pain, but not enough to... (full context)
Masinahikewin: Writing
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Xavier tells Niska that his medicine is almost gone, and when it is, he will turn into “the... (full context)
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...know how many he killed? I’ve killed many too. But Elijah, he is truly talented.” Niska looks at Xavier. “What has happened to Elijah?” she asks. Xavier tries to stand and... (full context)
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By the end of Elijah’s first summer with Xavier and Niska in the bush, he had to return to the residential school. In Elijah’s absence, Niska... (full context)
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Elijah and Xavier wished to enlist in the war and asked for Niska’s blessing. “You must do what you must do,” she said. On the day Elijah and... (full context)
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When Niska arrived in town, the people again stopped to stare. She went directly to the trading... (full context)
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Ferguson finally agreed to find out about Xavier if Niska agreed to begin trading with the Hudson’s Bay Company. “You must sit away from them... (full context)
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During the winter, Joseph arrived at Niska’s camp. There had been word of Elijah Whiskeyjack’s heroism, and Joseph has learned the place... (full context)
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Joseph began to write as Niska spoke. “You must do what is necessary to survive,” she said. Niska told Xavier that... (full context)
Masinahikan: The Letter
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...call.” Xavier is shocked; he has never had mail before. “If only your heathen aunt [Niska] could write English,” Elijah always said at mail call. Xavier takes the letter to Fat... (full context)
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...by Joseph Netmaker, a man Xavier vaguely remembers. “There is no mention of my aunt [Niska]?” Xavier asks Fat. “No,” he says, “it clearly says that you are the last in... (full context)
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...He climbs in the steam and prays but nothing comes. Xavier sits and thinks of Niska, and “it comes to him,” a “simple prayer.” “I want to hear. I want to... (full context)
Nipahiwewin: Murder
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...just a child, and he met Xavier not long after. The memories of Xavier and Niska in the bush “glow inside” Elijah on the front lines, and even he begins to... (full context)
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...to steal her rifle and he ran to the bush to live with Xavier and Niska(full context)
Oniimowi Pineshish: Little Bird Dancer
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Niska drags what she needs out of the bush and “panics” when she does not see... (full context)
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“I cannot let him go without telling him his story,” Niska thinks as she sits next to Xavier and pulls him close. She places her mouth... (full context)
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Niska begins to tell Xavier of their first winter together, when they had tracked a big... (full context)
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Xavier continued to track the moose, figuring he would find Niska on the way. He came across the huge animal up the way a bit, but... (full context)
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On the way back to their lodge, Niska and Xavier came upon the bull moose, and Xavier took their “prize” with Niska’s old... (full context)
Nipiwin: Dying
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“He is killing me,” Xavier thinks to himself as Elijah strangles him. He hears Niska’s voice: “Do what you have to do.” Xavier picks up his Mauser and places it... (full context)
Ntashiihkewin: Home
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It is nearly night as Niska heats the stones and carries them into the matatosowin. She helps Xavier to the river... (full context)
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Niska helps Xavier out of the matatosowin to cool before going in again. She pours water... (full context)
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...had no choice.” He cries and speaks over and over about “killing his friend,” and Niska understands. Xavier grows calm and Niska listens as he “accepts forgiveness.” He continues speaking. “But... (full context)
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Niska again carries Xavier out of the matatosowin to cool. “Just one more round, Nephew,” she... (full context)
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When Niska and Xavier crawl out of the matatosowin it is dark. Niska doesn’t bother to make... (full context)