Three Day Road

Three Day Road

by

Joseph Boyden

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Three Day Road: Masinahikewin: Writing Summary & Analysis

Summary
Analysis
Xavier tells Niska that his medicine is almost gone, and when it is, he will turn into “the worst child [Niska] has ever seen.” His heart will probably stop, if the pain doesn’t kill him first. Niska sits next to Xavier and takes his head in her lap. She looks at his “empty pant leg” and cries. “How will he survive in the bush?” she asks herself. She bends down and feeds him a bit of broth with her mouth. He doesn’t throw up.
By losing his leg in the wemistikoshiw army, Xavier’s life will continue to be affected by the wemistikoshiw long after the war. As Niska points out, surviving in the bush will be difficult without his leg. Hunting alone will be nearly impossible. If Xavier does survive the acute stages of his withdrawal, long-term survival will be a constant struggle.
Themes
Racism and Assimilation Theme Icon
Nature, War, and Survival Theme Icon
Elijah,” Xavier suddenly says. “Do you know how many he killed? I’ve killed many too. But Elijah, he is truly talented.” Niska looks at Xavier. “What has happened to Elijah?” she asks. Xavier tries to stand and falls. “Nephew,” Niska says. “Let me tell you a story. It will help to pass this night.”
Niska again cuts directly to storytelling when it is clear that Xavier is struggling. She senses that something awful has happened to Elijah, but she doesn’t know exactly what.
Themes
Language and Storytelling Theme Icon
By the end of Elijah’s first summer with Xavier and Niska in the bush, he had to return to the residential school. In Elijah’s absence, Niska taught Xavier to build a sweat lodge, and she taught him to “divine” with a shoulder bone over the fire. By the next summer, Elijah returned. He no longer had to go back to the residential school, he said. The years passed, and Niska was “shown tormented visions” of dead men. She soon understood. “A war has started in that place called Europe,” Elijah said. “The Canadians have entered it.”
Likely, Elijah hasn’t been excused from the school, but has finally ran away rather than continue to endure their abuse. He is physically beaten and sexually abused, so he lies to Niska and Xavier and tells them he doesn’t have to go back. Elijah appears to be the one who is first excited about the war. He embraces wemistikoshiw culture, so enlisting in the army is an easy decision for him.
Themes
Racism and Assimilation Theme Icon
Elijah and Xavier wished to enlist in the war and asked for Niska’s blessing. “You must do what you must do,” she said. On the day Elijah and Xavier left, she gave them medicine bundles with “protective herbs” and the tooth of a lynx. She prayed to the lynx to watch over the boys, but it did not answer. Word came of the war. The “wemistikoshiw had gone mad” it seemed and had new inventions used to kill that “were beyond belief.” A local awawatuk told Niska that much news of the war came to the trading post in Moose Factory, and she knew that she must go.
The placement of the lynx tooth in the medicine bundles again suggests that the lynx is Niska’s spirit animal, but this time it does not come to her as she prays. However, Elijah and Xavier are followed by a lynx as they make their way to town to enlist. The lynx doesn’t come to Niska because it is already with the boys, she just isn’t aware of this.
Themes
Nature, War, and Survival Theme Icon
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When Niska arrived in town, the people again stopped to stare. She went directly to the trading post where the proprietor, Old Man Ferguson, yelled at her in incomprehensible words. Joseph Netmaker, an Indian man Niska remembered from long ago sat in the trading post. “They think you are a witch and a heathen and say you must leave here now or you will meet a violent end,” he translated. Niska wanted only to know about Xavier in the war, she told him. Joseph spoke in English to Ferguson, who promptly answered. “He says that you are a dirty bush Indian and a sorceress to boot and he will not have you in his store even if you have a hundred relatives in their army.”
This is evidence of the extreme racism faced by Indigenous people. Niska doesn’t even know Old Man Ferguson, but he threatens to kill her simply because she dares to enter his trading post. His disrespect is astonishing, and he even refuses to help her once he knows that Xavier is fighting in the war. Ferguson seems to know that Niska is a hookimaw, which is implied in the word “sorceress,” and this makes him even more uncomfortable. He doesn’t understand Niska or her culture, so he hates her.
Themes
Racism and Assimilation Theme Icon
Ferguson finally agreed to find out about Xavier if Niska agreed to begin trading with the Hudson’s Bay Company. “You must sit away from them and you must not touch anything in the store. They say you must leave by week’s end and return at winter’s end with as many furs as you can.” Joseph said. He translated the names of places she did not know, like Saint-Eloi and the Somme, but nothing of Xavier. The trading post received word of all the local boys who had been killed, but Xavier’s name was not on the list.
Ferguson completely exploits Niska and her desperation to get word about Xavier. He will only help her if it benefits him through furs and money, which speaks to his despicable nature. He further insults her by sidelining her within the trading post. Ferguson could just as easily tell Niska what she wants to know, it costs him nothing, but he is determined to make her suffer.
Themes
Racism and Assimilation Theme Icon
During the winter, Joseph arrived at Niska’s camp. There had been word of Elijah Whiskeyjack’s heroism, and Joseph has learned the place where Xavier and Elijah are, if they are still together that is. “I wish to do what the wemistikoshiw do,” Niska said. “I wish to write him a letter.” “I can write it for you!” Joseph said excitedly. He had been “forced” to read and write English on the reserve school as a child.
Cree is not traditionally a written language, so letter writing, while important in wemistikoshiw culture, is not something Niska is familiar with. Storytelling is the Native form of letter writing, and Niska doesn’t know where to start.
Themes
Racism and Assimilation Theme Icon
Language and Storytelling Theme Icon
Joseph began to write as Niska spoke. “You must do what is necessary to survive,” she said. Niska told Xavier that Gitchi Manitou will understand if he must kill, and “Elijah must know this too.” She told him to pray and make offerings to Gitchi Manitou and do everything he had to return home to her. Xavier is “the last in [their] family line,” she said, he must return home.
When Joseph writes Niska’s words, he writes that Xavier “is the last in their family line,” and Xavier believes that this means Niska has died. Joseph’s mistake causes Xavier extreme pain, again underscoring the power of words to break one down.
Themes
Language and Storytelling Theme Icon