Unpolished Gem
by Alice Pung

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Themes and Colors
Culture and Assimilation  Theme Icon
Language and Storytelling Theme Icon
Gender and Inequality Theme Icon
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Gender and Inequality Theme Icon
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Throughout her memoir, Unpolished Gem, Alice Pung continually struggles with her status as a woman, both within her Chinese culture and her life in Australian society during the 1980s and ‘90s. Each time Alice’s grandmother, Huyen Thai, tells a story about the birth of one of their ancestors, the father always remains outside the delivery room door, waiting to find out if their newborn child possesses the “desired dangly bits,” and Alice’s modern life isn’t much better. While watching movies like Stand by Me and Dead Poet’s Society, Alice laments that “the Coming of Age of boys is infinitely more interesting.” Within these films, boys become who they are by testing their courage and forming meaningful relationships, whereas girls are not given the same opportunities within society. Alice feels confined by her gender, and states “all that matters is that I can make a good pot of rice, have a pretty face and am fertile.” As a young Chinese woman, Alice is expected to be weak and dependent upon men; however, Alice’s story is full of women who constantly push the boundaries created by society because of their gender, and Alice is no different. It is through this representation of strong women that Alice effectively challenges and dispels popular stereotypes of women as the weaker sex.

The importance placed on boys over girls within Chinese culture is made abundantly clear throughout Unpolished Gem. Alice’s grandmother is the second wife of Alice’s grandfather, An Pung, and the time he spends with her is often a source of contention with his first wife. To quell their frequent fights, Alice’s grandfather often tells his first wife, “If you could give me sons, then I wouldn’t need to go over there!” Alice’s grandfather considers his first wife less important because she has only given birth to girls, whereas Alice’s grandmother is the mother of five sons. However, even though Alice’s grandfather is the proud father of five sons, he chooses “to forget about the first two babies who died, because they were just girls.” This again underscores that to Alice’s grandfather, the birth of his sons is more important the birth of his daughters. Furthermore, after the death of her daughters, Alice’s grandmother desires a girl so badly that she attempts to trade her newborn son for a daughter. Of course, Alice’s grandfather is enraged, not because his wife has traded their child, but because she traded their boy for a girl. “Bundling up our baby like that and setting off to sell him for a useless daughter!” Alice’s grandfather cries, making his contempt for daughters plain. Alice’s grandfather is a stand-in for Chinese culture more broadly, which clearly values boys over girls.

Alice claims that girls are expected to be “still and silent and sedate,” like “a darling geisha behind glass,” yet the women in Unpolished Gem are strong and outspoken. With each new birth of her five sons, Alice’s grandmother gains power within her family and in the eyes of society. Alice writes, “Then, when it came to her sixth, it was too much. […] She controlled these five little boys who were going to grow into men, and it made my grandfather anxious.” Alice’s grandfather is threatened by his wife’s ability to birth and control boys, and he is determined to right this imbalance of power. In an attempt to strip his wife of some of her newly gained power, Alice’s grandfather formulates a plan to give his second wife’s sixth son to his first wife. Alice notes, “Of course, like all his plans, whether they came into fruition ultimately depended on my grandmother, and this irritated him no end, but there was nothing else for it.” Alice’s grandmother is a strong and powerful woman, and her husband can do nothing without her approval, despite popular assumptions that she must be weak and submissive on account of her gender. Furthermore, Alice’s own mother, Kien, defies stereotypical gender expectations when she refuses to spend her time at home “wiping down the fridge or washing sheets.” Instead, she spends long hours away from home making and selling gold jewelry in order to provide for her family. Both Kien’s culture and society expect domestic responsibilities to be her life’s work and mission, but she is determined to define herself outside of this restricted role. Like her mother-in-law, Kien manages to exert power in a culture and society that largely seeks to silence and marginalize her based on her sex.

Alice writes, “Constantly sighing and lying and dying—that is what being a Chinese woman means, and I want nothing to do with it.” However, walking away from the confines of her gender is not that simple. Kien’s job outside of the home means that much of the household duties, including the raising of her two youngest daughters, are deferred to Alice—even though her son, Alexander, is roughly one year younger than Alice. When Alice questions her mother about the unfair division of labor in their home, Kien tells Alice that she expects more from her because she is more mature, to which Alice rightly asserts that “girls only mature faster because they have more work to do.” The stress of Alice’s responsibilities at home coupled with the expectation that she excel academically and become a lawyer leads to a nervous breakdown, for which she requires medication and months to recover. Ultimately, through the writing of Unpolished Gem, Alice implies that escaping the trappings of her sexist society and culture is unlikely, no matter how powerful she becomes. Undoubtedly, Alice’s future as a lawyer is bright; however, gender expectations within her Chinese culture will continue to dictate her role within her home and family.

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Gender and Inequality Quotes in Unpolished Gem

Below you will find the important quotes in Unpolished Gem related to the theme of Gender and Inequality.

Part 1 Quotes

“Your father was trying to tell them that the beds were made to be slept in, when suddenly he was told that he was needed at the hospital. Something must have happened to me, your father thought. Why would a hospital need him? He thought about bringing along his acupuncture needles just in case, but there was no time. When he arrived at the hospital, he discovered that the doctors just wanted him to be there to see the baby come out!” In Cambodia the husbands usually find a chair and sit in from of the room where babies were being born until they heard the wahwahwah sounds, and it was only then that they would know that the whole messy business was over and they could find out whether the child had the desired dangly bits or not.

Related Characters: Kien Pung (speaker), Kuan Pung, Alice Pung / Agheare
Page Number and Citation: 13
Explanation and Analysis:
Here Kien tells Alice about the day she was born. This passage is a reflection of the importance of storytelling within Alice’s life and culture, but it also highlights the differences between Australian and Cambodian society. Not only do the immigrants at the hostel not know that the nicely made beds are meant to be slept in, but Kuan never even considers going to the hospital to be present for Alice’s birth because this is simply not done in Cambodia. This underscores the sexist nature of the Pungs’ home culture. Birthing babies, complications and all, is considered below men, and Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Ve

Many old folk who became family friends take good care of them, tell them who are the good boys, and the old women watch with a cunning eye to see which young woman would be best suited for the son or cousin of so and so. “Ah Ly, I know a good young man for you.” And they sing the praises of someone’s son or someone’s brother—never mentioned by name, they are always someone’s son or someone’s male relative, because they do not exist in isolation of their family. No one exists in isolation of their family, and if they do, there are plenty of old people to look after them […].

Related Characters: Alice Pung / Agheare (speaker), Ly, Sim
Page Number and Citation: 22
Explanation and Analysis:
Here, Alice’s aunts, Ly and Sim, have just arrived in Australia from Cambodia, and the local Chinese elders take them under their wing. The fact that the local elders adopt the young women and “take good care of them” underscores the importance of family within their culture. Ly and Sim’s parents are still back in Cambodia waiting for their immigration papers to be processed, and in their absence, the local elders step in and keep an eye on the young women. The importance of family is further reflected when the elder women fail to tell Ly and Sim the first Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a dese

When I am a bit older, I don’t know whether [my mother’s] answer is a lament or curse: “Just wait till you get older and have a mother-in-law like mine. Then you will understand. You will understand.” What will I understand? I wonder. Suffering? There are far better things to understand than the inconsolable hardships of life. Constantly sighing and lying and dying—that is what being a Chinese woman means, and I want nothing to do with it.

Related Characters: Alice Pung / Agheare (speaker), Kien Pung, Huyen Thai
Page Number and Citation: 35
Explanation and Analysis:
This quote occurs after one of Kien and Huyen Thai’s frequent fights, and Alice has just asked her mother if she is sad. Kien clearly feels unhappy under the control of her mother-in-law; however, this quote also reflects the sexist assumptions that Alice is growing up with but trying to avoid. Alice assumes that to be a Chinese woman also means that she must always suffer in some way, and she has no interest in this. Alice’s father certainly doesn’t feel this way, and it is clear to Alice that this level of suffering is reserved just for women. Kien Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non invento

My grandmother was possessed of healing powers, or so it was claimed by those who knew her back in Cambodia. Five sons, people exclaimed—seven children, all of them so bright! Of course, everyone chose to forget about the first two babies who died, because they were just girls.

Related Characters: Alice Pung / Agheare (speaker), Huyen Thai
Page Number and Citation: 37
Explanation and Analysis:
Here, Alice is remembering her grandmother’s stories about her life in the old country, and while this quote highlights the importance of storytelling within Alice’s life, it also reflects the sexist nature of Cambodian society and her Chinese culture. Huyen Thai is only considered powerful because she has given birth to so many sons. This story would surely be different if Huyen Thai were the mother of five daughters, as a houseful of daughters would likely not bestow her with such admiration and power. The fact that nobody remembers Huyen Thai’s first two dead children “because they were just girls” Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Poss

When it came down to childrearing, they were her children, he had nothing to do with such prosaic things. Fathers were only there to plant the seeds, it was mothers who did the watering and the fertilizing. Of course, the paternal influence would occasionally return to lop off a few leaves for good measure, and smirk for photographs in front of his prize garden, but he made sure to leave immediately afterwards in case the cumquats only glowed orange but were black inside. It was never the pa’s fault if the kids went bad.

Related Characters: Alice Pung / Agheare (speaker), An Pung, Huyen Thai
Page Number and Citation: 37-8
Explanation and Analysis:
This quote also occurs as Alice remembers her grandmother’s stories from the old country, and it shows An Pung’s approach to “childrearing.” An feels that raising children is “prosaic” and beneath his station and capabilities as a man. This lends insight into how hard it must have been for Huyen Thai to raise all of her children, and mourn those who died, without any help from her husband. Beyond the initial sexual act, or “planting the seed,” An has very little interest in raising his children, expect for occasionally punishing them and smiling for family pictures, which implies that An Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque o

“If you could give me sons, then I wouldn’t need to go over there!”

Related Characters: An Pung (speaker), Huyen Thai
Page Number and Citation: 45
Explanation and Analysis:
This quote, spoken by An Pung, also occurs as Alice remembers her grandmother’s stories from the old country. Huyen Thai is An’s second wife, and this is what An tells his first wife when she complains about him visiting Huyen Thai. An’s first wife is the mother of two daughters and no sons, and An holds this over her head as the reason why he has taken a second wife. Of course, An married Huyen Thai because he loves her, and his first marriage was arranged by his own father and not rooted in any romantic feelings. Still, An tells Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempor

Part 2 Quotes

“She’s built like a boy,” said my grandfather, “and now you’ve given her that terrible name. She’s going to grow up like a boy if you’re not careful, and then no one will want her. Who wants a girl always running about this way and that? Keep that child still, and stop calling her Little Brother! What do you think it is—some kind of joke? Do you think it’s funny hah?”

Related Characters: An Pung (speaker), Huyen Thai, Little Brother
Page Number and Citation: 77
Explanation and Analysis:
Here, Alice is remembering the story of her grandmother’s second daughter, a little girl named MeiHuay whom Huyen Thai calls Little Brother. An is already disappointed that Little Brother was not born a boy, and he is further angered by the fact that she is built like a boy. Ironically, the same characteristics that An finds undesirable in his daughter are the same qualities he would likely applaud were she a boy, and this emphasizes the double standards present within their sexist society. While An certainly desires a son, a girl who acts like a boy is worse than simply Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis.

A lady was the most abhorred thing you could become, because ladies were lazy bums who sat around wasting their husband’s money and walked down the street with perfectly made-up mien visiting the jewelry stores to which my mother delivered her wares. My mother was certainly not a lady. She worked and worked and worked, and when she wasn’t working she was cleaning, and when she wasn’t cleaning or working she was sick. You could always tell who was a lady by what they complained about, the length of their nails and whether they put milk or butter into their coffee.

Related Characters: Alice Pung / Agheare (speaker), Kien Pung
Page Number and Citation: 94
Explanation and Analysis:
This quote occurs after Alice complains to her mother that she has too much housework to do. Kien cries and laments her work as well, and then implies that Alice is too much of “a lady,” or a “lazy bum” who is content to sit and spend a man’s money. This quote lends valuable insight into Kien’s character. As a woman, Kien is expected to care for the home and children; however, she is also determined to have an identity and purpose outside the domestic sphere as well. When her outside job and domestic responsibilities prove too much, she relies Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debiti

Coming of Age was explained to me in books, and in the books Judy Blume characters waited with delirious anticipation for their period. I didn’t see what the big deal was when it happened to me. So what? It just meant I could make babies if I felt the urge, and of course that was the last thing on my mind. So I wrote the date in my diary, and dreary life continued on as usual. Coming of Age for boys was infinitely more interesting, I thought, when I watched Stand by Me and Dead Poets Society. Boys formed friendships by discovering cadavers. They walked on railway tracks, started secret clubs, cried over their own cowardice and occasionally shot themselves in the head when pushed too far. It didn’t matter if girls were cowards, there was no opportunity or reason for us to test our bravery. All that mattered was that we could make a good pot of rice, had a pretty face and were fertile.

Related Characters: Alice Pung / Agheare (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 95-6
Explanation and Analysis:
Alice has just begun to menstruate, and it fails to live up to the hype. This quote is also in keeping with the importance of storytelling throughout Unpolished Gem. Alice’s life is greatly informed by Judy Blume books and popular movies, and she keeps track of all of this in her personal diary, her first attempt at writing her memoir. Alice is certain she will feel differently when she officially becomes a woman, but like most things she does, this is completely ignored too. Much of her young life has been leading up to this point, but Alice is not Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti

To raise a girl, I realized, you’d need gallons of Social Conditioner with added Spirit Deflator. Rub onto every limb until limp, put the child into a chair and wait until she sets. When appendages harden, you know you have a perfect young woman—so still and silent and sedate that you could wrap your precious one up in cotton wool and put her in a cabinet. Ah, look at the darling geisha behind glass.

Related Characters: Alice Pung / Agheare (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 105-5
Explanation and Analysis:
This quote occurs after Alice’s parents ground her as punishment for talking to a boy. This quote reflects just how small and sheltered Alice’s life is. Her parents rarely let her out of the house as it is, and now she is being punished for merely speaking with a boy. The conversation was completely innocent, and Alice did not initiate it, but her parents still react as if she has done something inappropriate. When Alice refers to herself as a “darling geisha behind glass,” she implies that she only exists to please men. A geisha’s main job is to entertain Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferen

Part 5 Quotes

At Footscray Retravision, there was a propensity for some mainland Chinese to refuse to buy items made in China. Whenever they said haughtily, “O, zhonggno zuo de wo buyao”—I don’t want anything made in China—I couldn’t help myself. I would ask with salesgirl innocence, “But sir, aren’t you made in China?” Of course, I always had to feign that little giggle that sounded like two brightly coloured balloons rubbing rapidly up against each other. Unlike my younger sisters, who grew up in tastefully bland pastel dresses, I had spent my childhood with a grandmother who packaged me into padded Mao suits and made me aware that I had to defend myself against all the other blandly dressed banana-children—children who were yellow on the outside but believed they could be completely white inside. My grandmother had warned me that those children grew up to become sour, crumple-faced lemons. I now believed her.

Related Characters: Alice Pung / Agheare (speaker), Huyen Thai
Related Symbols: The Mao Suit
Page Number and Citation: 214
Explanation and Analysis:
This quote occurs after the death of Alice’s grandmother. It has already been established that Huyen Thai’s stories have instilled Alice with a great respect for her Chinese heritage and culture, and this passage is significant because it is a direct reflection of this respect. When Chinese customers come into Kuan’s store and reject Chinese items, they also reject their own Chinese identity and heritage by extension. Their refusal of Chinese items suggests that Chinese products aren’t as good as products made in Australia or elsewhere. Alice playfully reminds these customers that they are Chinese as well, and while she Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusa

I thought, if I were a young man I would be scared of my parents too. Perhaps not my father so much, because he was able to sit down and reason things out. But my mother—there was no way she would be able to understand an alien, let alone an alien her own daughter had chosen. My mother saw the differences as insurmountable—she was only comfortable with the familiar, yet she still believed that Princess Diana was the most dazzling creature ever to grace the earth, and that white women were more beautiful than we could ever be.

Related Characters: Alice Pung / Agheare (speaker), Michael
Page Number and Citation: 242
Explanation and Analysis:
This quote occurs after Michael, Alice’s white boyfriend, expresses interest in meeting her parents. This passage is significant for several reasons. Of course, Michael is terrified at the prospect of meeting Alice’s parents, and he initially seems more worried about Kuan, Alice’s father. Michael’s assumptions that Kuan is the scarier of the two, and his belief that Kuan’s opinion is more important in the ultimate approval of Michael, reflects a subtle sexism that holds men as more powerful and formidable than women. However, nothing could be further from the truth in Alice’s family. On the contrary, it is Kien who Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores