Gregory Maguire’s Wicked tells the story of Oz’s Wicked Witch of the West, Elphaba Thropp, from her birth until her final, fatal moments with Dorothy Gale. The events of the novel illustrate that power—and perhaps the pursuit of it—is capable of turning one’s ideals and vulnerabilities alike into tools of domination. The novel suggests that the corrupting influence of power sustains itself through cycles of fear and exploitation; in the end, the oppressed are pushed so far that they often transform into oppressors themselves. For instance, Madame Morrible, a Shiz educator meant to nurture independent thought, instead functions as an agent of the Wizard’s regime, feeding propaganda to her students and attempting to bind Elphaba, Glinda, and Nessarose into lifelong service as spies. Her willingness to murder Doctor Dillamond—a professor on the verge of disproving the Wizard’s justification for Animal oppression—exposes such power’s reliance on suppressing the truth. Over the course of the novel, Oz grows into a surveillance state, leaving Elphaba perpetually paranoid and unsure of who she can actually trust.
The novel also examines how power fundamentally changes those who suddenly gain it. Nessarose, for example, begins as a devout and moralistic figure, dismissing sorcery as sinful. Once she ascends to the role of Eminent Thropp in Munchkinland, however, she abandons her principals, ruling with cruelty and wielding magic carelessly simply because she can. Her death is met with celebration, a sign of how thoroughly power alienates rulers from those they are meant to serve. The Wizard is perhaps the strongest example of this cycle. Later revelations in the novel suggest that he, an Irishman, came to Oz from the United States during a time when the Irish were actively persecuted and oppressed. Once a victim of extreme prejudice, he assumes control of Oz and goes on to perpetuate systemic violence against its most vulnerable citizens. His oppression of groups like Animals and the Quadlings mirrors, and even exceeds, the injustices he once faced. He rapes Melena and unknowingly fathers Elphaba, leaving a personal imprint of this corruption on the Witch’s own life, tying her existence to exploitation and abuse of power that she neither chose nor condones. Wicked argues that power in Oz is self-perpetuating, and it thrives on fear, propaganda, and violence. Even those with good intentions cannot wield power without risking becoming what they once opposed.
Power and Oppression ThemeTracker
Power and Oppression Quotes in Wicked
“She’s a despot. A dangerous tyrant,” said the Lion with conviction.
[...] “I hear she’s a champion of home rule for the so-called Winkies.”
“We stand at a crossroads. Idolatry looms. Traditional values in jeopardy. Truth under siege and virtue abandoned.”
He wasn’t talking to her so much as practicing his tirade against the coming spectacle of violence and magic. There was a side to Frex that verged on despair; unlike most men, he was able to channel it to benefit his life’s work.
“But I remember once when a tinker with a funny accent gave me a draft of some heady brew from a green glass bottle. And I had rare expansive dreams, Nanny, of the Other World—cities of glass and smoke—noise and color—I tried to remember.”
“Horrors,” she said again, looking without binocular vision, staring at the glass in which her parents and Nanny could make out nothing but darkness. “Horrors.”
She was, after all, on her way to Shiz because she was smart.
But there was more than one way to be smart.
Animals should be seen and not heard.
She struggled with unnamed conflicts within her. Madame Morrible, for all her upper-class diction and fabulous wardrobe, seemed just a tad—oh—dangerous. [...] Galinda always felt as if she couldn’t see the whole picture.
“And the drought, after a few promising reprieves, continues unabated. The Animals are recalled to the lands of their ancestors, a ploy to give the farmers a sense of control over something anyway. It’s a systematic marginalizing of populations, Glinda, that’s what the Wizard’s all about.”
“We were talking about your childhood,” said Glinda.
“[...] You can’t divorce your particulars from politics.”
“You ask yourselves: [...] How may my talents flourish? How, my dears, how may I help my Oz?”
Elphaba’s foot twisted, caught the edge of a side table, and a cup and saucer fell to the floor and smashed.
“If not immoral, then what word can I use to imply wrong?” said Elphaba.
“Try mysterious and then relax a little. The thing is, my green girlie, it is not for a girl, or a student, or a citizen to assess what is wrong. This is the job of leaders, and why we exist.”
“I was a tool. My dear father used me [...] he used me as an object lesson. Looking as I did, even singing as I can—they trusted him partly as a response to the freakiness of me.”
“I love you so much, Fiyero, you just don’t understand: Being born with a talent or an inclination for goodness is the aberration.”
She was right. He didn’t understand.
Nanny reported that Nessarose had grown to be far cleverer than anyone anticipated. She kept her cards close to her chest and issued vague statements about the revolutionary cause, statements that could be read several ways, depending on the audience.
“But Nessa now thinks she needs no one, to help her stand or help her govern. She listens less than ever. In some ways I think those shoes are dangerous.”
Perhaps Nessie was right. And yet here they were, a dozen years later, two Witches, in a manner of speaking. And Glinda a sorceress for the public good. It was enough to make Elphie go back to Kiamo Ko and burn that Grimmerie, and burn the broom too, for that matter.
“I’m no pawn,” said Glinda. “I take all the credit in the world for my own foolishness. Good gracious, dear, all of life is a spell. You know that. But you do have some choice.”
“People who claim they’re evil are usually no worse than the rest of us.” He sighed. “It’s people who claim that they’re good, or anyway better than the rest of us, that you have to be wary of.”
Elphaba, who had endured Sarima’s refusal to forgive, now begged by a gibbering child for the same mercy always denied her? How could you give such a thing out of your own hollowness?



