Winter Dreams
by F. Scott Fitzgerald

Dreams, Happiness, and Reality Theme Analysis

Themes and Colors
Class Mobility and the American Dream Theme Icon
Gender and Ambition Theme Icon
Dreams, Happiness, and Reality Theme Icon
Time, Progress, and Repetition Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in Winter Dreams, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Dreams, Happiness, and Reality Theme Icon
Dreams, Happiness, and Reality Theme Icon

Dexter pursues his “winter dreams” as though they will come true exactly as he envisioned them at fourteen. While the dreams provide him with the drive to become successful, they never bring him happiness—if they come true, he is dissatisfied, and if they fail to materialize, he is unfulfilled. Therefore, for Dexter, happiness is always just out of reach. His inflexibility and his fixation on illusions of perfection prevent him from being satisfied with any aspect of his life.

Over the course of the story, several of Dexter’s winter dreams do come true. For example, he defeats T.A. Hedrick—the Sherry Island Golf Club’s best athlete—during a game of golf, which he had fantasized about since he was fourteen. However, the win is less satisfying than he had imagined, since his very ability to defeat Hedrick seems to signal to Dexter that Hedrick was not a worthy opponent. Instead of relishing his victory, Dexter dismisses Hedrick as a poor golfer and begins looking towards his next challenge that he thinks will satisfy him by proving his worth. Dexter’s constant reaching for the next rung of prestige and success is also evident in his college experience. His winter dreams dictate that he should go to a more famous university in the East instead of enrolling at a business course at the state university, as he originally intended. He is accepted to the school, which enables his dream of living among northeastern elites, but it’s not enough—once there, he cannot help but compare himself to other students who are wealthier than he. Though his father’s business is prospering and he is living a life about which he could once only fantasize, he is “bothered by his scanty funds.”

Despite that, time and time again, Dexter is dissatisfied by his dreams coming true, he never comes to understand that realizing his next goal might also leave him unfulfilled. In other words, Dexter is possessed by the dreams that remain unattained, obsessing over them rather than acknowledging reality and finding satisfaction with what is available to him. This is clearest in his relationship to Judy. Dexter wants to marry Judy because he thinks that she is the most beautiful girl in Black Bear. In his imagination, she is one of the “glittering people” he wants to become, and he thinks that, if he marries her, he will be happy. This erroneous belief causes Dexter to chase after her for most of his twenties, believing—despite all evidence to the contrary—that one day she will change her ways and commit to him. The destructive nature of this behavior is apparent when he breaks up with his fiancée, Irene, who is kind, wealthy, and stable. Though he finds Irene less exciting than Judy, he feels a “tranquility” with her that he knows could lead to domestic contentment. Despite this life being available to him, he throws it away to take one more chance with Judy, who then breaks up with him after a month.

Dexter’s inability to link his constant dissatisfaction with the pursuit of his winter dreams seems rooted in his fundamental inability to recognize happiness. During dinner at Judy’s home, for instance, he is “disturbed” to find on her face a smile that has “no root in mirth, or even amusement.” However, instead of understanding that this is a sign that something is wrong, her false smile only makes him want to kiss her. If Judy’s own happiness is only a front, then it’s delusional to think that marrying her would make Dexter happy. However, Dexter doesn’t seem to distinguish between genuine happiness and the achievement of his dreams—he never considers what it would take to make himself, or anyone else, feel satisfied or fulfilled. Dexter’s struggle to reconcile his illusions to reality, therefore, is a result of his dreams preventing him from noticing and appreciating reality. No wonder he is so shocked and broken at the end of the story when he learns that Judy is in an unhappy marriage and that her beauty has faded—he has always expected the world to conform to his vision, and when he learns that this expectation has always been a fantasy, he realizes how little he has.

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Dreams, Happiness, and Reality Quotes in Winter Dreams

Below you will find the important quotes in Winter Dreams related to the theme of Dreams, Happiness, and Reality.

Section 1 Quotes

Some of the caddies were poor as sin and lived in one-room houses with a neurasthenic cow in the front yard, but Dexter Green’s father owned the second best grocery-store in Black Bear—the best one was “The Hub,” patronized by the wealthy people from Sherry Island—and Dexter caddied only for pocket-money.

Related Characters: Dexter Green
Related Symbols: Winter Dreams
Page Number and Citation: N/A
Explanation and Analysis:
This passage opens the story and introduces Dexter Green, an ambitious and class-conscious teenager who works as a caddie at the Sherry Island Golf Club during the summers. The narrative establishes him as someone who evaluates himself in relation to others and seeks to be superior. Whereas the other caddies are poor and more rooted in the rural traditions of the Midwest, his family is entrepreneurial. Recognition of Dexter’s father’s grocery store as “second best” identifies Dexter’s middle position, one with which he is not satisfied. His class ambitions are to move up the class hierarchy he sees around him, Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis.

He became a golf champion and defeated T.A. Hedrick in a marvelous match played a hundred times over the fairways of his imagination, a match each detail of which he changed about untiringly—sometimes he won with almost laughable ease, sometimes he came up magnificently from behind. Again, stepping from a Pierce-Arrow automobile, like Mr. Mortimer Jones, he strolled frigidly into the lounge of the Sherry Island Golf Club—or perhaps, surrounded by an admiring crowd, he gave an exhibition of fancy diving from the spring-board of the club raft….

Related Characters: Dexter Green, T.A. Hedrick , Mortimer Jones
Related Symbols: Winter Dreams
Page Number and Citation: N/A
Explanation and Analysis:
This is one of the fantasies that Dexter creates to motivate him in the fall, based on memories of what he learned and experienced during summers at the golf club. Because Dexter defines success according to wealth and social prominence, he seeks role models at the club, primarily T.A. Hedrick and Mortimer Jones who, respectively, offer lessons on athleticism and social comportment. These men replace Dexter’s father as masculine role models. In his imagination, he can either equal or surpass Mr. Hedrick easily, which is underscored by him being on the “fairways,” areas with no obstruction. However, even in Dexter’s Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur

“I think I’ll quit.” The enormity of his decision frightened him. He was a favorite caddy, and the thirty dollars a month he earned through the summer were not to be made elsewhere around the lake. But he had received a strong emotional shock, and his perturbation required a violent and immediate outlet. It is not so simple as that, either. As so frequently would be the case in the future, Dexter was unconsciously dictated to by his winter dreams.

Related Characters: Judy Jones, Dexter Green
Related Symbols: Winter Dreams
Page Number and Citation: N/A
Explanation and Analysis:
Dexter decides that he would rather quit his job than take orders from eleven-year-old Judy. His desire to earn money is overridden by his offense over being treated like an underling by a young girl. Though Judy has behaved toward him in the way in which many people of her social class behave toward caddies, Dexter does not see himself as one of the other caddies. His pride, and his sense of himself as one day being a man in the molds of Hedrick and Judy’s father, prevent him from accepting her haughty behavior. It’s notable that his decision to Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam volupt

Section 2  Quotes

Now, the quality and the seasonability of these winter dreams varied, but the stuff of them remained. They persuaded Dexter several years later to pass up a business course at the State university—his father, prospering now, would have paid his way—for the precarious advantage of attending an older and more famous university in the East, where he was bothered by his scanty funds…. He wanted not association with glittering things and glittering people—he wanted the glittering things themselves. Often he reached out for the best without knowing why he wanted it—and sometimes he ran up against the mysterious denials and prohibitions in which life indulges. It is with one of those denials and not with his career as a whole that this story deals.

Related Characters: Dexter Green
Related Symbols: Winter Dreams
Page Number and Citation: N/A
Explanation and Analysis:
Here, it becomes clear that Dexter often makes decisions based on his illusions of grandeur. Dexter’s “winter dreams” seem to control him, rather than the other way around, instructing him on what he should aspire to have and what he ought to reject. He is so committed to his aspiration that he eschews the benefit of attending a school where he would have appeared to be a prosperous member of the student body for the riskier venture of going East and distinguishing himself among those who are far more prosperous. The narrative prepares us for the fact that, despite his Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occ

He did not consider it necessary to remark that he had once carried Mr. Hart’s bag over the same links, and that he knew every trap and gully with his eyes shut—but he found himself glancing at the four caddies who trailed them, trying to catch a gleam or gesture that would remind him of himself, that would lessen the gap which lay between his present and his past.

Related Characters: Dexter Green, Mr. Hart
Related Symbols: Winter Dreams
Page Number and Citation: N/A
Explanation and Analysis:
Mr. Hart has invited Dexter to the Sherry Island Golf Course for the weekend. Though he is now on the course as Mr. Hart’s guest, he had once, not long ago, been his caddie. Dexter looks at the four caddies behind them and senses himself as being somewhere between the ambitious boy he once was and the established men who now accompany him. Ironically, though he had once looked at the wealthy men at the golf club for cues to instruct him on his future identity, he looks to the caddies to help him understand his past identity. This suggests Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident

One minute he had the sense of being a trespasser—in the next he was impressed by the tremendous superiority he felt toward Mr. T.A. Hedrick, who was a bore and not even a good golfer anymore.

Related Characters: T.A. Hedrick , Dexter Green
Related Symbols: Winter Dreams
Explanation and Analysis:
Dexter is playing golf with Mr. Hart and T.A. Hedrick, men for whom he had formerly caddied. For Dexter, there is a bit of cognitive dissonance in the experience, for he still feels that his class origins separate him from Mr. Hart and Mr. Hedrick, but he has achieved economic success with his laundries, making him nearly equal in wealth. Because he is no longer in awe of men like Hedrick on the basis of their money, he is better able to see who they are. In this instance, he is able to see that Mr. Hedrick is not as Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. R

Section 4 Quotes

Next evening while he waited for her to come down-stairs, Dexter peopled the soft deep summer room and the sun-porch that opened from it with the men who had already loved Judy Jones. He knew the sort of men they were—the men who when he first went to college had entered from the great prep schools with graceful clothes and the deep tan of healthy summers. He had seen that, in one sense, he was better than these men. He was newer and stronger. Yet in acknowledging to himself that he wished his children to be like them he was admitting that he was but the rough, strong stuff from which they eternally sprang.

Related Characters: Dexter Green, Judy Jones
Related Symbols: Winter Dreams
Page Number and Citation: N/A
Explanation and Analysis:
Judy has invited Dexter to her home for dinner. This is one day after they met at the lake. Dexter imagines Judy’s former lovers—wealthy, prestigious young men. As usual, he imagines himself in relation to them. He imagines, with certainty, that they must have gone to the best schools, wear the best clothes, and are wealthy enough to spend summers in warm locales. They are the men whom he would like to become, but he would also like to surpass them. As the child of an immigrant, he is “newer and stronger,” more ambitious than they, but his ambition—just like Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut

He could have gone out socially as much as he liked.... His confessed devotion to Judy Jones had rather solidified his position…. Already he was playing with the idea of going East to New York. He wanted to take Judy Jones with him. No disillusion as to the world in which she had grown up could cure his illusion as to her desirability.

Related Characters: Dexter Green, Judy Jones
Related Symbols: Winter Dreams
Page Number and Citation: N/A
Explanation and Analysis:
Dexter has been accepted by wealthy society in Black Bear, partly due to his connection to Judy. Having conquered his hometown, he is now thinking about going back East to establish himself as a member of the nation’s old elite. His love for Judy, as well as his belief that she represents the best that he can have or want, inspires him to want her to accompany him there. His belief in her elevated status is untarnished, despite his closer proximity to her world. He is less impressed by the members of high society, but no less impressed by her.

He knew that Irene would be no more than a curtain spread behind him, a hand moving among gleaming tea-cups, a voice calling to children…fire and loveliness were gone, the magic of nights and the wonder of the varying hours and seasons…slender lips, down-turning, dropping to his lips and bearing him up into the heaven of eyes…. The thing was deep in him.

Related Characters: Irene Scheerer , Dexter Green
Related Literary Devices:
Page Number and Citation: N/A
Explanation and Analysis:
Dexter has become engaged to Irene, but he acknowledges that he does not feel the passion for her that he feels for Judy. Instead, Irene will merely offer domestic contentment. His realization coincides with a sense that he had known pleasure in his youth, but that his life as a married man would be characterized by duties to a wife and children. In his juxtaposition of Irene and Judy, Dexter express a view of women that categorizes them as either sources of domestic comfort or sources of pleasure, rather than full people with inner lives who are meaningful in and Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas

Section 6 Quotes

A sort of dullness settled down upon Dexter. For the first time in his life he felt like getting very drunk. He knew that he was laughing loudly at something Devlin had said, but he did not know what it was or why it was funny. When, in a few minutes, Devlin went he lay down on his lounge and looked out the window at the New York sky-line into which the sun was sinking in dull lovely shades of pink and gold.

Related Characters: Dexter Green, Devlin , Judy Jones
Related Symbols: Winter Dreams, The Sun
Page Number and Citation: N/A
Explanation and Analysis:
Dexter has just learned, from his business associate Devlin—a friend of Judy’s husband from Detroit—that she is in a miserable marriage and that her beauty has faded. Worse, Devlin is unconvinced by Dexter’s opinion that Judy was once “a great beauty.” The dullness that he feels in response to this news, as well as Devlin’s underwhelming response to Judy contrasts with his understanding of Judy as one of the “glittering people” or, rather, as a “glittering object” that he once coveted. When he looks at the sun setting over the New York skyline, its dull loveliness mirrors his sense of Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut

The dream was gone. Something had been taken from him. In a sort of panic he pushed the palms of his hands into his eyes and tried to bring up a picture of the waters lapping on Sherry Island and the moonlit veranda, and gingham on the golf-links and the dry sun and the gold color of her neck’s soft down. And her mouth damp to his kisses and her eyes plaintive with melancholy and her freshness like new fine linen in the morning. Why, these things were no longer in the world! They had existed and they existed no longer.

Related Characters: Dexter Green, Judy Jones
Related Symbols: Winter Dreams, The Sun
Related Literary Devices:
Page Number and Citation: N/A
Explanation and Analysis:
In coming to terms with what has happened to Judy, Dexter realizes that his ideas about her were merely illusions and that they can no longer hold. Judy has aged, and they will never again reunite and relive the moments of passion they had shared during the summers of their youth. However, Dexter has been beholden to his illusions for so long that he begins to fear living without them. Devlin has inadvertently taken something from Dexter—that is, his false belief that his past was never far behind him. While this belief had motivated him in one sense, such as Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea su

For the first time in years, there were tears streaming down his face. But they were for himself now…. The gates were closed, the sun was gone down, and there was no beauty but the gray beauty of steel that withstands all time. Even the grief he could have borne was left behind in the country of illusion, of youth, of the richness of life, where his winter dreams had flourished.

Related Characters: Dexter Green
Related Symbols: Winter Dreams, The Sun
Related Literary Devices:
Page Number and Citation: N/A
Explanation and Analysis:
Dexter realizes, alas, that he can no longer return to his old life in Black Bear and can no longer hold out hope that Judy will change her mind once more and return to him. Furthermore, her looks have faded, which means that she is no longer what she once was. He cries for the loss of his nostalgic illusion, which motivated him to want what others had, but which also instilled him with hope. His grief, too, he realizes, is an expression of sadness for things that could never hold—youth and fleeting passion.In his mind’s eye, he can no Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi nece