Woman at Point Zero

by Nawal El Saadawi
Firdaus is the protagonist of the story and the primary narrator, based on an actual woman Nawal El Saadawi met in Qanatir Prison. Firdaus is born in rural Egypt to a poor family in the mid-20th century. From her earliest years, she experiences sexism and abuse. Firdaus’s father beats her mother and demonstrates complete disregard for his daughters. Firdaus’s mother has her circumcised as a young girl, cutting off her clitoris with a razor blade. The only adult with whom Firdaus has a relatively positive relationship is her uncle, who she enjoys spending time with even though he sexually abuses her as a child. When Firdaus’s parents die, her uncle adopts her and takes her to Cairo, where he puts her through primary and secondary school. When she graduates, her uncles marries her off to a grotesque old man named Sheikh Mahmoud, who rapes and beats her until she runs away. A seemingly kind man named Bayoumi takes her in for several months, but once Firdaus decides she wants to find a job and be independent, he beats and rapes her and traps her in his house, prostituting her out to his friends each night. Firdaus eventually escapes and meets a woman named Sharifa, who teaches Firdaus her own high value while also pimping her out. For a brief time, Firdaus leaves prostitution to find a lawful job and lead a “respectable” life. However, after being betrayed by her lover, Ibrahim, Firdaus realizes that all relationships between men and women, even love affairs, are essentially transactional: men trade money or favor or tenderness for access to women’s bodies. Firdaus then returns to prostitution, but when a pimp named Marzouk tries to control her, she stabs him to death with his own knife. This shows her that she has the power to react to men and call them “criminals,” as she sees them. When Firdaus threatens a prince, the police arrest her and charge her with murder, since they are afraid of such a bold woman. She chooses to accept her death, rather than appeal her case and continue living in a male-dominated world.

Firdaus Quotes in Woman at Point Zero

The Woman at Point Zero quotes below are all either spoken by Firdaus or refer to Firdaus. For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
Pervasive Sexism and Oppression Theme Icon
).

Part 1 Quotes

It looked to me as though this woman who had killed a human being, and was shortly to be killed herself, was a much better person than I. Compared to her, I was nothing but a small insect crawling upon the land amidst millions of other insects.

Related Characters: Nawal El Saadawi (speaker), Firdaus
Page Number: 6
Explanation and Analysis:

Part 2 Quotes

That love of the ruler and love of Allah were and one indivisible. Allah protect our ruler for many long years and may he remain a source of inspiration and strength to our country, the Arab Nation and all Mankind.

Related Characters: Firdaus’s Father (speaker), Firdaus
Page Number: 15
Explanation and Analysis:

All I can remember are two rings of intense white surrounded by two circles of intense black. I only had to look into them for the white to become whiter and the black even blacker, as though sunlight was pouring into them from some magical source neither on earth, nor in the sky.

Related Characters: Firdaus (speaker), Firdaus’s Mother, Miss Iqbal, Ibrahim, Firdaus’s Stepmother, Bayoumi
Related Symbols: Eyes
Page Number: 21-22
Explanation and Analysis:

I knew that women did not become heads of state, but I felt that I was not like other women, nor like the girls around me who kept talking about love, or about men. For these were subjects I never mentioned. Somehow I was not interested in the things that occupied their minds, and what seemed of importance to them struck me as being trivial.

Related Characters: Firdaus (speaker)
Page Number: 32
Explanation and Analysis:

“Firdaus has grown, your holiness, and must be married. It is risky for her to continue without a husband. She is a good girl, but the world is full of bastards.”

Related Characters: Firdaus’s Uncle’s Wife (speaker), Firdaus’s Uncle, Firdaus, Sheikh Mahmoud
Page Number: 48
Explanation and Analysis:

All I know is that anything I would have to face in the world had become less frightening than the vision of those two eyes, which sent a cold shiver running through my spine whenever I remembered them.

Related Characters: Firdaus (speaker), Sheikh Mahmoud
Related Symbols: Eyes
Page Number: 56
Explanation and Analysis:

At night [Sheikh Mahmoud] would wind his legs and arms around me and let his old, gnarled hands travel all over my body, like the claws of a starving man who has been deprived of real food for many years wipe the bowl of food clean, and leave not a single crumb behind.

Related Characters: Firdaus (speaker), Sheikh Mahmoud
Page Number: 57
Explanation and Analysis:

She replied that it was precisely men well versed in their religion who beat their wives. The precepts of religion permitted such punishment. A virtuous woman was not supposed to complain about her husband. Her duty was perfect obedience.

Related Characters: Firdaus (speaker), Firdaus’s Uncle’s Wife, Firdaus’s Uncle, Sheikh Mahmoud
Page Number: 59
Explanation and Analysis:

It was though I was seeing the eyes that now confronted me for the first time. Two jet black surfaces that stared into my eyes, travelled with an infinitely slow movement over my face, and my neck, and then dropped downwards gradually over my breast, and my belly, to settle somewhere just below it, between my thighs.

Related Characters: Firdaus (speaker), Bayoumi
Related Symbols: Eyes
Page Number: 66
Explanation and Analysis:

I never used to leave the house. In fact, I never even left the bedroom. Day and night I lay on the bed, crucified, and every hour a man would come in.

Related Characters: Firdaus (speaker), Sharifa Salah El Dine
Page Number: 76
Explanation and Analysis:

I realized this was the first time in my life I was eating without being watched by two eyes gazing into my plate to see how much food I took. Ever since I was born those two eyes had always been there, wide open, staring, unflinching, following every morsel of food on my plate.

Related Characters: Firdaus (speaker), Sheikh Mahmoud
Related Symbols: Eyes, Money
Page Number: 89
Explanation and Analysis:

How many were the years of my life that went by before my body, and my self really became mine, to do with them as I wished? How many were the years I lost before I tore my body and my self away from the people who held me in their grasp from the very first day?

Related Characters: Firdaus (speaker)
Related Symbols: Money
Page Number: 93
Explanation and Analysis:

I was prepared to do anything to put a stop to the insults that my ears had grown used to hearing, to keep the brazen eyes from running all over my body.

Related Characters: Firdaus (speaker), Di’aa
Related Symbols: Eyes, Money
Page Number: 99
Explanation and Analysis:

After I had spent three years in the company, I realized that as a prostitute I had been looked upon with more respect, and been valued more highly than all the female employees, myself included.

Related Characters: Firdaus (speaker)
Page Number: 102
Explanation and Analysis:

As a prostitute I was not myself, my feelings did not arise from within me. Nothing could really hurt me and make me suffer then the way I was suffering now. Never had I felt so humiliated as I felt this time. Perhaps as a prostitute I had known so deep a humiliation that nothing really counted.

Related Characters: Firdaus (speaker), Ibrahim
Page Number: 116
Explanation and Analysis:

A successful prostitute is better than a misled saint. All women are victims of deception. Men impose deception on women and punish them for being deceived, force them down to the lowest level and punish them for falling so low, bind them in marriage and then chastise them with menial service for life, or insults, or blows.

Related Characters: Firdaus (speaker), Ibrahim
Page Number: 117
Explanation and Analysis:

I knew that my profession had been invented by men, and that men were in control of both our worlds, the one on earth, and the one in heaven. That men force women to sell their bodies at a price, and that the lowest paid body is that of a wife. All women are prostitutes of one kind or another. Because I was intelligent, I preferred to be a free prostitute, rather than an enslaved wife.

Related Characters: Firdaus (speaker)
Page Number: 124
Explanation and Analysis:

One day, when I donated some money to a charitable association, the newspapers published pictures of me and sang my praises as the model of a citizen with a sense of civic responsibility. And from then on, whenever I needed a dose of honor and fame, I had only to draw some money from the bank.

Related Characters: Firdaus (speaker)
Related Symbols: Money
Page Number: 124
Explanation and Analysis:

Why was it that I had never stabbed a man before? I realized that I had been afraid, and that the fear had been with me all the time, until the fleeting moment when I read fear in [Marzouk’s] eyes.

Related Characters: Firdaus (speaker), Marzouk
Related Symbols: Eyes
Page Number: 134
Explanation and Analysis:

“I am not a prostitute. But right from my early days my father, my uncle, my husband, all of them, taught me to grow up as a prostitute.”

Related Characters: Firdaus (speaker), The prince, Firdaus’s Father, Firdaus’s Uncle, Sheikh Mahmoud
Related Symbols: Money
Page Number: 135
Explanation and Analysis:

In prison, they kept me in a room where the windows and doors were always shut. I knew why they were so afraid of me. I was the only woman who had torn the mask away, and exposed the face of their ugly reality.

Related Characters: Firdaus (speaker)
Page Number: 137
Explanation and Analysis:
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Firdaus Character Timeline in Woman at Point Zero

The timeline below shows where the character Firdaus appears in Woman at Point Zero. The colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance.
Part 1
Fear and Survival Theme Icon
Nawal El Saadawi, an Egyptian psychiatrist, states that what follows is the true story of Firdaus, a woman Saadawi meets in Qanatir Prison. Saadawi is there to research neurosis in female... (full context)
Pervasive Sexism and Oppression Theme Icon
Fear and Survival Theme Icon
Saadawi is disappointed. When she returns the next day to try to see Firdaus again, the female warder acts protective of Firdaus, and charges that “they” sent Saadawi, though... (full context)
Fear and Survival Theme Icon
...to leave the prison for good, when the warder runs up to her, shouting that Firdaus wants to see her. Saadawi feels “elated,” the way she did the first time she... (full context)
Part 2
Pervasive Sexism and Oppression Theme Icon
Prostitution and Transactional Relationships Theme Icon
Fear and Survival Theme Icon
Firdaus narrates: she states that she will speak uninterrupted, since the men are coming to execute... (full context)
Pervasive Sexism and Oppression Theme Icon
Religious Hypocrisy Theme Icon
When Firdaus is growing up, her father is a poor farmer. He doesn’t know how to read... (full context)
Pervasive Sexism and Oppression Theme Icon
Fear and Survival Theme Icon
When Firdaus has not yet reached puberty, her mother brings a woman who cuts off “a piece... (full context)
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Firdaus’s uncle visits during holidays from Cairo, where he attends the university, El Azhar. He teaches... (full context)
Pervasive Sexism and Oppression Theme Icon
Firdaus thinks about her mother’s eyes, about the first time she sees them. She feels as... (full context)
Pervasive Sexism and Oppression Theme Icon
Firdaus has many siblings, but they often die from disease or dysentery. When a son dies,... (full context)
Pervasive Sexism and Oppression Theme Icon
When Firdaus enters her uncle’s house in Cairo, she feels reborn. She sees an electric light for... (full context)
Pervasive Sexism and Oppression Theme Icon
However, Firdaus loves school and loves her uncle. When she comes home from school, she cleans his... (full context)
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Prostitution and Transactional Relationships Theme Icon
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When Firdaus finishes primary school, her uncle takes her to the cinema. In the film, she sees... (full context)
Pervasive Sexism and Oppression Theme Icon
Prostitution and Transactional Relationships Theme Icon
Fear and Survival Theme Icon
Firdaus’s uncle eventually grows distant from her. He stays out late into the evening and stops... (full context)
Pervasive Sexism and Oppression Theme Icon
Fear and Survival Theme Icon
Firdaus’s uncle seems to grow antagonistic toward her and sends her to live in the boarding... (full context)
Pervasive Sexism and Oppression Theme Icon
One night, Wafeya asks Firdaus if she’s ever been in love. Firdaus says that she lives her life without love,... (full context)
Pervasive Sexism and Oppression Theme Icon
Religious Hypocrisy Theme Icon
To pass the time, Firdaus spends her free hours in the school’s library and develops a love for books. She... (full context)
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Fear and Survival Theme Icon
When Firdaus tires of reading, she sits alone at night in the playground. One night, as she... (full context)
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Religious Hypocrisy Theme Icon
Whenever Firdaus sees Miss Iqbal, she wants to speak, wants to reach out and touch her, but... (full context)
Pervasive Sexism and Oppression Theme Icon
Her final examination for school occurs not long after, and Firdaus ranks as the second student in her school and seventh in the entire country. During... (full context)
Pervasive Sexism and Oppression Theme Icon
...all of the other girls’ parents take them home. A staff member has to telegram Firdaus’s uncle to come retrieve her. The night before he arrives, Firdaus sits alone in the... (full context)
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When Firdaus returns to her uncle’s house, she finds that he and his wife now have children... (full context)
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Prostitution and Transactional Relationships Theme Icon
Firdaus’s uncle’s wife decides that they should marry Firdaus to Sheikh Mahmoud, even though he is... (full context)
Pervasive Sexism and Oppression Theme Icon
Fear and Survival Theme Icon
The next morning, after making breakfast for her uncle, Firdaus packs a backpack with her nightgown, secondary school degree, and merit certificate. She leaves her... (full context)
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As night falls, Firdaus has no place to sleep and her stomach aches with hunger. From the darkness, Firdaus... (full context)
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Time passes, though Firdaus does not remember it, and she is married off to Sheikh Mahmoud. She is 18,... (full context)
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Fear and Survival Theme Icon
Whenever Sheik Mahmoud unwraps himself from Firdaus’s body, she slips away to the bathroom and carefully scrubs every inch of herself multiple... (full context)
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Fear and Survival Theme Icon
Religious Hypocrisy Theme Icon
When Sheikh Mahmoud beats Firdaus with a shoe, leaving her entire body badly bruised, she runs to her uncle’s house... (full context)
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Fear and Survival Theme Icon
Firdaus grows so hungry that she takes some food for herself, and Sheikh Mahmoud shouts at... (full context)
Pervasive Sexism and Oppression Theme Icon
Prostitution and Transactional Relationships Theme Icon
Firdaus sits outside a coffeehouse and asks for water. The waiter initially refuses, but seeing that... (full context)
Prostitution and Transactional Relationships Theme Icon
When they arrive at Bayoumi’s home, Bayoumi insists that Firdaus sleep in the bed and that he will sleep on the floor, which is the... (full context)
Pervasive Sexism and Oppression Theme Icon
Prostitution and Transactional Relationships Theme Icon
Fear and Survival Theme Icon
However, after several months, Firdaus still desires to work and earn her own wage, to be independent, rather than stuck... (full context)
Pervasive Sexism and Oppression Theme Icon
Prostitution and Transactional Relationships Theme Icon
Fear and Survival Theme Icon
Bayoumi starts locking Firdaus in the apartment each day and forcing her to sleep on the floor. When he... (full context)
Pervasive Sexism and Oppression Theme Icon
Prostitution and Transactional Relationships Theme Icon
Fear and Survival Theme Icon
Eventually, a neighbor woman realizes that Firdaus is trapped when she sees her crying through the lattice in the door. The neighbor... (full context)
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Prostitution and Transactional Relationships Theme Icon
Firdaus tells the woman about her uncle and Bayoumi. The woman introduces herself as Sharifa Salah... (full context)
Prostitution and Transactional Relationships Theme Icon
Sharifa helps Firdaus to understand the events of her past and re-envision herself in the present. Firdaus realizes... (full context)
Pervasive Sexism and Oppression Theme Icon
Prostitution and Transactional Relationships Theme Icon
Firdaus feels changed. Her world is “silvery” and silken. At night she has sex with men,... (full context)
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Fear and Survival Theme Icon
One day, Firdaus stops finding any pleasure in the soft clothes, perfumes, and view of the Nile from... (full context)
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Prostitution and Transactional Relationships Theme Icon
One man named Fawzy is not foolish, and asks if Firdaus feels pain rather than pleasure. She tells him she does. He asks if she wants... (full context)
Pervasive Sexism and Oppression Theme Icon
Prostitution and Transactional Relationships Theme Icon
Fear and Survival Theme Icon
...Fawzy took away fell on bad fortune. They argue, threaten violence against each other, and Firdaus hears Fawzy rape Sharifa, covering her protests with his hand. The sound of them creaking... (full context)
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Firdaus walks through the pitch-black night alone, naked save for a dress so thin that it’s... (full context)
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Firdaus walks back into the night, but rain pours and turns the back roads into a... (full context)
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Firdaus wakes in the morning in an “elegant bedroom” flooded with sunlight. When she realizes where... (full context)
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Firdaus watches the way her waiter furtively avoids looking straight at her 10-pound note, even when... (full context)
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From that day on, Firdaus walks with her head high. She looks every man directly in the eye. If he... (full context)
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Prostitution and Transactional Relationships Theme Icon
Among Firdaus’s friends is a writer, a man named Di’aa. When Di’aa first comes to her house... (full context)
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Firdaus decides to become a new person, to leave her old life behind no matter what... (full context)
Pervasive Sexism and Oppression Theme Icon
Prostitution and Transactional Relationships Theme Icon
...of time. They drive their own cars, rather than take the bus. One day, when Firdaus misses the bus, an official stops his car and offers her a ride, though Firdaus... (full context)
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Prostitution and Transactional Relationships Theme Icon
Firdaus does not care about keeping such a job and will not let her superiors touch... (full context)
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One night, while Firdaus sits alone in the dark, she sees a shape in the darkness. Ibrahim, one of... (full context)
Pervasive Sexism and Oppression Theme Icon
Whenever Firdaus sees Ibrahim, she tries to speak but cannot. She listens to him speak at a... (full context)
Prostitution and Transactional Relationships Theme Icon
Ibrahim becomes chairman of a revolutionary committee and Firdaus devotes all her spare time to working for the committee’s aims. One evening after work,... (full context)
Pervasive Sexism and Oppression Theme Icon
Prostitution and Transactional Relationships Theme Icon
One day, Firdaus sees Ibrahim across the courtyard. A crowd of people gather around him, and his eyes... (full context)
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Fear and Survival Theme Icon
Ibrahim’s betrayal causes Firdaus more pain than she’s ever known in her entire life. As a prostitute, she protected... (full context)
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Prostitution and Transactional Relationships Theme Icon
Fear and Survival Theme Icon
Firdaus walks the streets at midnight, a prostitute once again. With no ties and subject to... (full context)
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Prostitution and Transactional Relationships Theme Icon
Fear and Survival Theme Icon
Firdaus realizes that she’s hated men for years, though managed to keep that fact hidden from... (full context)
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Prostitution and Transactional Relationships Theme Icon
Firdaus often turns men down, which drives her price even higher. She realizes that men cannot... (full context)
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Firdaus finds no honor in what she does, but she reasons that men control the world,... (full context)
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Eventually, a pimp named Marzouk approaches Firdaus and tells her he must work for her now, for her own “protection,” though he... (full context)
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Marzouk starts taking the majority of Firdaus’s earnings, and she learns that he is a powerful pimp connected with the police, with... (full context)
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Marzouk overcomes his fear, raises his arm, and slaps Firdaus in the face. Firdaus raises her own arm and strikes him even harder. Marzouk tries... (full context)
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Firdaus leaves the house, walking with her held high like a “goddess.” Her fear is gone,... (full context)
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Suddenly, Firdaus shouts, “No!” When the prince hands her 3,000 pounds, she takes the money and furiously... (full context)
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The prince says that Firdaus’s father must be a king. Firdaus says that he wasn’t a king, though not so... (full context)
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The police handcuff Firdaus and take her to prison. Someone tells her that she can make an appeal for... (full context)
Part 3
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Saadawi narrates: Firdaus finishes speaking and silence fills the room. The story and Firdaus’s powerful voice overwhelm Saadawi.... (full context)