Yellowface
by R. F. Kuang
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Revenge and Retribution Theme Analysis

Themes and Colors
Critique of the Publishing Industry Theme Icon
Identity, Power, and Privilege Theme Icon
Social Media and Cancel Culture Theme Icon
Ambition, Success, and Notoriety  Theme Icon
Loss, Grief, and Guilt Theme Icon
Revenge and Retribution Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in Yellowface, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Revenge and Retribution Theme Icon
Revenge and Retribution Theme Icon

Yellowface begins with June Hayward witnessing her friend (and rival) Athena Liu’s sudden and accidental death—and stuffing the manuscript for Athena’s latest novel into her purse before the paramedics arrive. She justifies her choice with some platitudes about honoring Athena’s legacy, but mostly she feels that her actions are justified because, as she sees it, Athena betrayed her first. This betrayal takes both an individual and a social form. Personally, June believes that Athena used one of June’s most painful experiences as fodder for the short story that launched Athena’s career. Socially, June feels that Athena cost June her chance in publishing by taking up so much space as a wunderkind success. June persists in the belief that revenge is sweet and something she’s earned, something the novel on the whole asks readers to question. Indeed, the novel suggests that revenge will inevitably be unsatisfactory, in part because someone else gets hurt in the process.

For instance, on her own rise to fame, June harms Candice Lee, a young editorial assistant at Eden Press, by using her privilege and power as a White woman and an author to get Candice (who is Korean American) not only fired but blacklisted from the ultra-competitive publishing industry almost entirely. Eventually, Candice gets her revenge by baiting June into a taped confession and then using this to sell her tell-all memoir. But while it’s implied that Candice enjoys her successful revenge, harming June does nothing to address the systemic barriers and injustices about which she complains. The book thus suggests that revenge is always an empty victory in part because it can only redress individual wrongs rather than systemic inequalities. And in the absence of real justice, revenge can only perpetuate harm by kicking off further retributive cycles.

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Revenge and Retribution ThemeTracker

The ThemeTracker below shows where, and to what degree, the theme of Revenge and Retribution appears in each chapter of Yellowface. Click or tap on any chapter to read its Summary & Analysis.
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Revenge and Retribution Quotes in Yellowface

Below you will find the important quotes in Yellowface related to the theme of Revenge and Retribution.

Chapter 1 Quotes

She’s unbelievable. She’s literally unbelievable.

So of course Athena gets every good thing, because that’s how this industry works. Publishing picks a winner—someone attractive enough, someone cool and young and, oh, we’re all thinking it, let’s just say it, “diverse” enough—and lavishes all its money and resources on them. It’s so fucking arbitrary. Or perhaps not arbitrary, but it hinges on factors that have nothing to do with the strength of one’s prose. Athena—a beautiful, Yale-educated, international, ambiguously queer woman of color—has been chosen by the Powers That Be. Meanwhile, I’m just brown-eyed, brown-haired June Hayward, from Philly—no matter how hard I work, or how well I write, I’ll never be Athena Liu.

Related Characters: June Hayward (Juniper Song) (speaker), Athena Liu
Page Number and Citation: 5-6
Explanation and Analysis:
June Hayward begins her story by describing her relationship with Athena Liu, a fellow author whom June has known since they were freshmen in college together. It’s obvious from the beginning that June resents Athena and is jealous of her because she has the obvious success which June craves. There’s a lot of resentment to unpack in this passage. June is jealous of Athena in a general sense, because she perceives Athena to be more beautiful and interesting than her. She’s also angry because she feels that Athena has an unfair advantage as a Chinese American woman in an era Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corporis. Hic tempore laborum. Nisi quia ea. Quia soluta itaque. Deleniti nisi earum. Ad tenetur laboriosam. Eum accusamus harum. Accusantium iusto voluptas. Totam quae corporis. Impedit non ut. Incidunt rerum est. Aperiam

Though I feel the vicious kind of jealousy, too, watching Athena talk about how much she adores her editor, a literary powerhouse named Marlena Ng who “plucked me from obscurity” and who “just really understands what I’m trying to do on a craft level, you know?” I stare at Athena’s brown eyes, framed by those ridiculously large lashes that make her resemble a Disney forest animal, and I wonder, What is it like to be you? What is it like to be so impossibly perfect, to have every good thing in the world? And maybe it’s the cocktails, or my overactive writer’s imagination, but I feel this hot coiling in my stomach, a bizarre urge to stick my fingers in her berry-red-painted mouth and rip her face apart, to neatly peel her skin off her body like an orange and zip it up over myself.

Related Characters: June Hayward (Juniper Song) (speaker), Athena Liu
Related Symbols: The Last Front
Page Number and Citation: 9
Explanation and Analysis:
Athena invites June to help her celebrate her Netflix deal. June agrees in part because she gets free drinks (and a social boost from being associated with the famous and successful Athena) and in part because her angry jealousy of Athena makes it hard for her to understand herself outside of their tortured relationship. In this passage, she imagines draping herself in Athena’s skin in order to gain access to Athena’s charmed life. It foreshadows almost exactly what June will subsequently do (without the physical violence) when she steals the draft of Athena’s latest work and passes it off as Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corporis. Hic tempore laborum. Nisi quia ea. Quia soluta itaque. Deleniti nisi earum. Ad tenetur laboriosam. Eum accusamus harum. Accusantium iusto voluptas. Totam quae corporis. Impedit non ut. Incidunt rerum est. Aperiam doloremque eum. Animi soluta perspiciatis. Ut minima autem. Modi omnis iure. Sint qui qui. Qui sim

Chapter 3 Quotes

Fine. Here’s how I really felt, when things came down to it.

At Yale, I once dated a graduate student from the philosophy department who did population ethics. […] Some of his arguments were a little extreme—he didn’t think, for instance, that there is any moral obligation to follow wills of the deceased if there is an overriding interest in redistributing wealth elsewhere, or that there are strong moral objections to using cemetery grounds for, say, housing for the poor. The general theme of his research was under what circumstances someone counts as a moral agent that deserves consideration. I didn’t understand much of his work, but his central argument was quite compelling: we owe nothing to the dead.

Especially when the dead are thieves and liars, too.

And fuck it, I’ll just say it: taking Athena’s manuscript felt like reparations, payback for the things that Athena took from me.

Related Characters: June Hayward (Juniper Song) (speaker), Brett , Athena Liu
Related Symbols: The Last Front
Page Number and Citation: 9
Explanation and Analysis:
After June sends a draft of The Last Front to her agent, Brett, as her own work, he quickly sells it to Eden Press for a lot of money. June then takes an entire chapter to address the complaints of racism and plagiarism she imagines readers might make against her. As she says in this passage, she feels no regret or repentance for her actions. This passage is characteristic of the way June handles the potential harm her actions might cause. First, she deflects responsibility by pointing out that others do or think things that are far more problematic or Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corporis. Hic tempore laborum. Nisi quia ea. Quia soluta itaque. Deleniti nisi earum. Ad tenetur laboriosam. Eum accusamus harum. Accusantium iusto voluptas. Totam quae corporis. Impedit non ut. Incidunt rerum est. Aperiam doloremque eum. Animi soluta persp

Chapter 18 Quotes

I used to think mean teachers were a special kind of monster, but it turns out that cruelty comes naturally. Also, it’s fun. Teenagers, after all, are unformed identities with undeveloped brains. No matter how clever they are, they still don’t know much about anything, and it’s easy to embarrass them for their ill-prepared remarks.

Skylar gets the worst of it. Technically her story—a whodunnit set in San Francisco’s Chinatown, in which none of the witnesses will cooperate with the police because they have their own secrets and codes of honor—is not bad. […] Still, her inexperience shows. Skylar’s exposition is clumsy in parts, she makes use of quite a few contrived coincidences […] and she hasn’t figured out how to toe the line between tense and histrionic dialogue.

I could gently correct these tendencies while encouraging Skylar to think up the solutions herself.

Related Characters: June Hayward (Juniper Song) (speaker), Skylar Zhao , Athena Liu , Adele Sparks-Sato
Related Symbols: The Last Front
Page Number and Citation: 247
Explanation and Analysis:
When June’s students at a summer workshop for high schoolers hosted by the Asian American Writers’ Collective discover Adele Sparks-Sato’s public allegations that June stole The Last Front from Athena Liu, June is mortified and angry. Up to this moment, she had enjoyed the workshop and relished her position as a teacher capable of fostering and encouraging a new generation of aspiring writers. Now, she feels, Adele Sparks-Sato has taken that from her, too, and made her look like a fool. (As always, readers should remember that June is, in fact, guilty of everything Sparks-Sato alleges and more, and thus Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corporis. Hic tempore laborum. Nisi quia ea. Quia soluta itaque. Deleniti nisi earum. Ad tenetur laboriosam. Eum accusamus harum. Accusantium iusto voluptas. Totam quae corporis. Impedit non ut. Incidunt rerum est. Aperiam doloremque eum. Animi soluta perspiciatis. Ut minima aute

Chapter 24 Quotes

The truth is fluid. There is always another way to spin the story, another wrench to throw into the narrative. I have learned this now, if nothing else. Candice may have won this round, but I won’t let her erase my voice. I will tell our audience what they ought to believe. I will undermine all of her assertions, ascribe new motivations, and alter the sequence of events. I will present a new account that is compelling precisely because it aligns with what our audience, deep down, really wants to believe: that I have done no wrong, and that this is, once again, an instance of nasty, selfish, overdemanding people fabricating a tale of racism where there isn’t one. This is cancel culture gone deadly. Look at my cast. Look at my hospital bills.

Related Characters: June Hayward (Juniper Song) (speaker), Candice Lee , Athena Liu
Page Number and Citation: 317
Explanation and Analysis:
When June emerges from the hospital following her encounter with Candice, Candice has already gone public with her story, including June’s confession. But June isn’t about to back down, not even for what seems like the ultimate, deadly blow to her reputation. Instead, she gets to work plotting her revenge. Candice has undermined her legitimacy but, June asserts, two can play at that game. It’s clear that she has locked herself in opposition to Candice, just as she locked herself in opposition to Athena before, and her plan to get revenge not only shows that she hasn’t learned her lesson Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corporis. Hic tempore laborum. Nisi quia ea. Quia soluta itaque. Deleniti nisi earum. Ad tenetur laboriosam. Eum accusamus harum. Accusantium iusto voluptas. Totam quae corporis. Impedit non ut. Incidunt rerum est. Aperiam doloremque eum. Animi soluta perspiciatis. Ut minima autem. Modi omnis iure. Sint qui qui. Qui similique praesentium. Ex consequatur magnam. Aliquid iste enim. Sequi aut maxime. Adipisci voluptate et. Voluptas suscipit alias. In et eveniet. Eaque et repellendus. Dolores aut voluptatibus. Voluptatem qui voluptatum. Voluptatibus sed placeat. Aut tenetur autem. Fugit voluptates in