Z for Zachariah
by Robert C. O'Brien
Themes and Colors
Power and Control Theme Icon
Gender Dynamics and Survival Theme Icon
Loneliness and Isolation Theme Icon
Nuclear Fallout and Societal Collapse Theme Icon
Hope and Resilience Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in Z for Zachariah, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Power and Control Theme Icon
Power and Control Theme Icon

In Z for Zachariah, Robert C. O’Brien explores how power—both physical and psychological—shapes relationships in the absence of law or societal norms. As the only two known survivors of a nuclear apocalypse, Ann Burden and John Loomis are forced into a tense partnership that slowly unravels as Loomis asserts control over their shared environment, resources, and ultimately Ann herself. At first, Loomis appears weak and vulnerable. Ann saves his life after he bathes in a radioactive creek, nursing him through severe radiation sickness. During this time, she holds the practical power—caring for him, gathering food, and maintaining the household. However, once Loomis recovers, the power dynamic shifts dramatically. He begins to take control of essential tools and supplies, including the radiation suit and the tractor. When Ann suggests using the suit to retrieve books from Ogdentown, Loomis responds with anger and forbids her from touching it, claiming it must be protected “at all costs.” His growing physical strength coincides with increasingly authoritarian behavior.

Loomis’s control extends beyond tools and plans to Ann’s autonomy. He monitors her movements, controls access to the store, and even captures and trains her dog, Faro, to track her. After she escapes an attempted assault from Loomis, he uses the tractor and rifle to hunt her, eventually burning her cave and locking her out of vital resources. O’Brien uses this dynamic to show how survival in a post-apocalyptic setting is not just about food and shelter, but about maintaining power over one’s physical resources and body. And doing so, the novel shows, can become increasingly difficult without laws or societal pressures to encourage reasonable behavior, creating an environment where it can be all too easy to try and subjugate others.

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Power and Control Quotes in Z for Zachariah

Below you will find the important quotes in Z for Zachariah related to the theme of Power and Control.

Chapter 4 Quotes

I suppose it seems wrong to be so afraid of that. But I don’t know what the man will do. I liked most people. I had a lot of friends at school. But that was a matter of choice; there were some people I didn’t like, and many that I didn’t even know. This man may be the only man left on the earth. I don’t know him. Suppose I don’t like him? Or worse, suppose he doesn’t like me?

Related Characters: Ann Burden (speaker), John Loomis/The Stranger
Page Number and Citation: 36
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 6 Quotes

I gave him the water and asked: “Who was Edward?” Because that was the name he had called me when he first saw me in the tent, when he was delirious.

For a second after I asked the question I thought the sickness had come back on him, because his eyes got a wild look again, as if he were seeing a nightmare. The hand holding the glass of water opened, and the glass slipped and fell to the floor. At the noise it made, he shook his head and his eyes unclouded. Still he stared.

“How do you know about Edward?”

Related Characters: John Loomis/The Stranger (speaker), Ann Burden (speaker), Edward
Page Number and Citation: 65
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 7 Quotes

“I’ve been digging,” I said, which of course he had already seen. “This is going to be the garden.”

“Hard work for a girl,” he said, noticing, I suppose, how messy I looked.

“I’m used to it.” I started to tell him that most of it had already been dug before and was therefore easy, but then I decided not to. I did not want him to know how afraid I had been when I first saw him coming.

Related Characters: John Loomis/The Stranger (speaker), Ann Burden (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 70
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 10 Quotes

A strange thing had occurred. Though we had both known the fever was coming, and I had dreaded it more than he had (or more than he had seemed to), now that it was there, and he was visibly distressed, my own fear seemed to vanish. I felt calm—almost as if I were the older one. It was as if when he got weaker, I got stronger. I suppose that is why doctors and nurses could last through terrible epidemics.

Related Characters: Ann Burden (speaker), John Loomis/The Stranger
Page Number and Citation: 100
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 11 Quotes

And then he said:

“You’re a thief and a liar, Edward, but it’s no use. Stand back from the door.”

A pause.

“No. I warn you. I will shoot. The suit will stop radiation, but it won’t stop bullets.”

Related Characters: John Loomis/The Stranger (speaker), Edward , Ann Burden
Related Symbols: The Radiation Suit
Page Number and Citation: 117
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 12 Quotes

As I walked back to the house, I decided it might be a good omen. | am a little superstitious, and have always thought that birds bring good luck; when I wake up in the morning, look out the window, and see a bird the first thing—especially if it is close up, and looking toward me—I feel as if it is a symbol, and that something good will happen that day. I suppose that is because when I was about four and first heard about prayers, I was told that they flew up to heaven. So I thought of them as rather like birds, with wings, flying upward.

Related Characters: Ann Burden (speaker)
Related Symbols: Birds
Page Number and Citation: 125
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 14 Quotes

Then I made a mistake.

I said: “In the end, I did go to the church.”

“To church?” He sounded as if he could not believe it. “To church!” He lay back in the bed. “How long did that take?”

I said: “I’m not sure. I went three times.” I realized that I should not have mentioned it at all. It seemed to irritate him so.

“Three times to church, and the field not planted.”

Related Characters: John Loomis/The Stranger (speaker), Ann Burden (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 142
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 15 Quotes

“But I can. If you’d lend me the suit, I could go.”

I could hardly believe how annoyed that made him. I should have known, I guess, having heard him dreaming when he was sick, and the way he talked to Edward.

“No,” he said, his voice very quiet, but angry and hard. “You could not go. Understand that. Keep away from the suit. Never touch it.”

Related Characters: John Loomis/The Stranger (speaker), Ann Burden (speaker), Edward
Related Symbols: The Radiation Suit
Page Number and Citation: 149
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 16 Quotes

I had a theory about it, more than one really. I thought the murder of Edward, the months alone in the laboratory, the long desperate walks, also alone, through the dead countryside—all that had been so horrible and deadening it had blotted out everything else in his mind. When he thought back, that was what popped up, so he did not think back, nor talk about the past. But beyond that, his sickness and at the end the high temperature may have done something to him; the temperature might even have changed parts of his mind. It was not impossible, I thought.

Related Characters: Ann Burden (speaker), John Loomis/The Stranger
Page Number and Citation: 157
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 17 Quotes

The more I thought about it, the more the feeling grew in me that it was wrong; it was as if he were playing some kind of a trick on me. And that idea made me feel more nervous than ever—in fact, afraid. Then I got quite angry with myself for feeling that way. I told myself I was making up problems. There was no reason to believe that he did not really want to be read to, even though he did not pay close attention. The sound of a voice can be soothing; surely he must be bored and restless with inactivity. I reminded myself that that, at least, was sure to get better as he was able to walk farther and do more. I must be patient.

Related Characters: Ann Burden (speaker), John Loomis/The Stranger
Page Number and Citation: 169
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 18 Quotes

But I had tripped over his leg in my dive and before I could get my balance his hand, grabbing blindly, had caught my ankle. His grip was strong; I was amazed at his strength. He was pulling me back, and my hands, grasping for something to hold, slid backward over the smooth floor. His other hand groped forward and caught the back of my shirt. I pulled forward again, heard the shirt rip and felt his fingernails tearing the skin of my back. I hit back with my elbow as hard as I could.

Related Characters: Ann Burden (speaker), John Loomis/The Stranger
Page Number and Citation: 175-176
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 19 Quotes

Poor Faro! He had never in his life been tied up. When he finished eating, he shook himself again, trying to get the collar off, and then trotted away. When he came to the end of the tether, his head snapped back and he fell down. He stood up, shook himself, and tried again. Next he turned around and backed off, trying to pull the collar over his head. Mr. Loomis watched; at last, having seen that the dog could not get away, he turned and went back into the house.

Related Characters: Ann Burden (speaker), John Loomis/The Stranger , Faro
Page Number and Citation: 182
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 20 Quotes

“I have no choice. I can only hope you will change your mind,” he paused, “and act more like an adult and less like a schoolgirl.”

Related Characters: John Loomis/The Stranger (speaker), Ann Burden
Page Number and Citation: 190
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 22 Quotes

I thought of the gun again. It was frightening to see. But perhaps not so frightening as it had seemed at first. I was beginning to get used to the way his mind worked, the way he thought about things. There was a pattern that kept repeating. In the case of the gun it meant—or, I thought, it might mean—not that he was planning to shoot me, but that he thought I might shoot him. I still think that might be correct. He may have reasoned that if I was encamped in the store and saw him coming, I might be frightened, and might try to drive him away. But what made him think I had a gun at all? My guns had been at the cave all of the time since his arrival, and I was quite sure I had never mentioned them.

Related Characters: Ann Burden (speaker), John Loomis/The Stranger
Page Number and Citation: 214
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 23 Quotes

And I suddenly realized that he was not trying to miss. He wanted to shoot me in the leg so I could not walk. He wanted to maim, not to kill me. So that he could catch me. It was a simple plan, a terrible one. Starvation would force me to come to the house or the store. And the gun would keep me from going away again. And I knew he would try until he succeeded.

Related Characters: Ann Burden (speaker), John Loomis/The Stranger
Page Number and Citation: 221
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 24 Quotes

And so I have decided to leave the valley. I am convinced, since the shooting incident, that Mr. Loomis is insane. We will never be able to live in the same place in peace. I have lived in constant fear of being seen and hunted down: the sound of pebbles sliding on the rocks, a twig snapping, even the wind in the leaves can make my blood run cold. The valley, which has been home and shelter for my whole life, seems now to threaten me wherever I go, whatever I do.

Related Characters: Ann Burden (speaker), John Loomis/The Stranger
Page Number and Citation: 228
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 25 Quotes

And if I saw him, what would I say then? He would be mad with rage, and ready to kill. He would do anything to keep me from leaving. He would say anything. He would tell me of the horrors of the deadness, of the loneliness of silent roads and fields. He would speak of bodies in the houses and in cars; he would say he knew there was no other place: surely he had searched long enough. He would say, Come back to the house, come back, come back: this time I will leave you to yourself.

Related Characters: Ann Burden (speaker), John Loomis/The Stranger
Page Number and Citation: 243
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 26 Quotes

“Don’t go,” he said, “don’t leave me. Don’t leave me here alone.”

Related Characters: John Loomis/The Stranger (speaker), Ann Burden
Page Number and Citation: 247
Explanation and Analysis:

Now it is morning. I do not know where I am. I walked all afternoon and almost all night until I was so tired I could not go on. Then I did not bother to put up the tent, just spread my blanket by the roadside and lay down. While I was sleeping the dream came, and in the dream I walked until I found the schoolroom and the children. When I awoke, the sun was high in the sky. A stream was flowing through the brown grass, winding west. The dream was gone, yet I knew which way to go. As I walk, I search the horizon for a trace of green. I am hopeful.

Related Characters: Ann Burden (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 249
Explanation and Analysis: