The overall tone in Billy Budd is authoritative, ironic, and disillusioned. The narrator frequently takes on a reflective and contemplative tone, particularly when delving into the moral and philosophical implications of the story. The narrator often delves into the characters' motivations as well as the ethical dilemmas they face.
A pervasive tragic tone also runs through the novella. From the outset, the narration is laced with a sense of impending doom and injustice, which heightens the tragic elements of the story. The novella's conclusion reinforces this tone of tragedy, as it leads to Billy's unjust execution. Because of the tragic nature of the narrative, the narrator's tone is often melancholy. The reader has a sense that Billy's innocence has been destroyed by malevolence and the moral dilemmas the other characters face.
Furthermore, the narrator ruminates on various philosophical ideas pertaining to human nature, justice, goodness and evil, war, and society at large. In doing so, the narrator often presents differing or even opposing philosophical standpoints and opinions. At times, the narrator's tone is ambiguous, which leaves room for interpretation on the part of the reader. In moments of dramatic tension, the narrator's tone becomes more vivid and emotionally charged. All in all, the novella's tone creates a sense of depth and emotional resonance while inviting readers to engage with the philosophical and ethical questions that drive the story.
