Three Day Road

Three Day Road

by

Joseph Boyden

Teachers and parents! Our Teacher Edition on Three Day Road makes teaching easy.

Three Day Road: Ishinakwahitisiw: Turning Summary & Analysis

Summary
Analysis
The Canadian lines are “loud and happy.” They had done what the Frenchmen and Englishmen hadn’t been able to do. The Canadians “are an army to be reckoned with” and are “no longer the colonials” to be “looked down” on by Englishmen. They are directly responsible for the first Allied victory. Xavier and Elijah’s unit are billeted near a wrecked village, and on a warm day, Xavier and Elijah sit by the river with Grey Eyes, Graves, and Fat (the only men left of their original unit), and several other new men.
The Canadians are empowered by their victory. It makes them feel equal to Britain, and they celebrate this equality; however, this is the same thing the Canadians, or wemistikoshiw, have denied Xavier. They celebrate no longer being looked down on, but then they look down on Xavier. Boyden suggests that since they have been oppressed by another, they should be more aware of their own oppression.
Themes
Racism and Assimilation Theme Icon
Nature, War, and Survival Theme Icon
German airplanes appear in the sky and begin shooting at observation balloons. The men cheer as Canadian planes arrive, shooting the German planes from the sky. “I would give my left arm to fly in one of those aeroplanes,” Elijah says. Xavier “can’t imagine anything more frightening,” but Elijah is different. Elijah sneaks out to “no man’s land” in the dark and slits the throats of “Hun” in their listening posts. He doesn’t tell Xavier that he takes their scalps, too, but Xavier knows this to be true. He also knows that Elijah doesn’t speak in an English accent when he takes morphine.
Elijah’s choice of words that he would give his “left arm to fly” is also ironic, as Xavier loses his left leg when a grenade sends him flying in the air. Elijah equates flying with birds and complete freedom, and he wants to feel that freedom. Elijah’s lone trips to “no man’s land” are further evidence of his madness. As Elijah sneaks out alone, he further isolates himself (which he does with morphine as well), making himself more vulnerable to the windigo.
Themes
Isolation vs. Community Theme Icon
Nature, War, and Survival Theme Icon
The men watch as a duck lands on the water and all decide it would make a great dinner. “I’ll bet Whiskeyjack could hit it from here,” one of the men says. Elijah stands immediately. He aims and fires, narrowly missing the duck. “Nice shot, anyway,” the men say as Xavier stands and aims. He shoots quickly and surely, hitting the duck square. The men are speechless as Xavier goes to retrieve the duck. “Me, I won’t let them forget who I am,” Xavier thinks.
Elijah tells the men in his unit that he is a bush hunter, and this isn’t exactly untrue, but here he fails the test of authenticity. Xavier, however, is a true Indian, and he doesn’t want the men to forget it. Xavier is invisible to his unit because he hasn’t assimilated like Elijah, but for this one moment, they all see him. 
Themes
Racism and Assimilation Theme Icon
Months pass, and Xavier can only think of home and the girl named Lisette. If he can’t go home, he thinks, then he must see Lisette. He considers walking the thirty-five miles to her village and thinks of ways to sneak off. It occurs to Xavier as he watches the wemistikoshiw soldiers that they do everything in groups of three. “They are obsessed by that number,” Xavier thinks. Their army is divided into three—the infantry, artillery, and cavalry—and they do training, and then combat and recovery. They work in threes and “die in threes,” and pray to their three manitous, the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit.”
If Xavier deserts his unit for any reason, he risks being punished by firing squad. Elijah risks this too when he sneaks off to “no man’s land.” The reasons why Xavier and Elijah desert their units are very telling of their differences as characters. Elijah deserts his unit to go kill, but Xavier deserts his unit because he thinks he’s falling in love. Elijah risks his life to kill, but Xavier risks his for love.
Themes
Nature, War, and Survival Theme Icon
Get the entire Three Day Road LitChart as a printable PDF.
Three Day Road PDF
Xavier too has “begun to see the world in threes.” There is his life before the wemistikoshiw army, his life in the war, and, if he survives, his life after the war. Even Niska claims everyone will “someday walk the three-day road.” There must be “some magic” in the number, Xavier thinks, some “connection” between “their world and [his].” If Xavier can figure out what it is, maybe he can survive the war.
The wemistikoshiw completely run Xavier’s life. His life is divided and decided by them, but he still looks to find common ground. This speaks to Xavier’s basic goodness. He has every right to hate the wemistikoshiw, but he always takes the highroad. 
Themes
Racism and Assimilation Theme Icon
Quotes
Elijah carries his scalps with him, “dried out” to “prevent rot” and “strung together.” Xavier doesn’t know how many he has, but he knows there are many. “I am better than Peggy,” Elijah says. “He cannot take a scalp.” Elijah’s smile “burns” with “an obsession that is frightening.”
Elijah has gone completely mad. He is “obsessed” with being a better sniper than Peggy and proving his worth to the wemistikoshiw. He desperately wants to be accepted in the white world.
Themes
Isolation vs. Community Theme Icon
Racism and Assimilation Theme Icon
Nature, War, and Survival Theme Icon
By the middle of summer, Xavier doesn’t want to fight anymore, and he makes up his mind to go see Lisette. He wraps his head with gauze and hops on a medical convoy headed for the village. When Xavier arrives in Lisette’s village, he slips away from the medics and finds Lisette’s house. He quietly knocks on the door and waits. Minutes later she answers. “You are hurt,” she says. Xavier shakes his head and removes the gauze. “It is me, Xavier,” he says. “I remember you!” Lisette says. “You are the Indian boy. […] You can’t stay, Indian boy.” She tells him she is “with another” and he must leave.
Xavier has no idea that Lisette is a prostitute. Not only does Xavier have to suffer the indignity of misunderstanding the situation so badly, but Lisette further insults him by calling him “Indian boy.” She knows Xavier’s name, but she twice calls him “Indian boy,” as if to remind him once more time that he isn’t white. Xavier has risked his life to see Lisette, and he could still get caught, and he is crushed by the blow.
Themes
Racism and Assimilation Theme Icon
Nature, War, and Survival Theme Icon
A British officer appears behind Lisette. “Who are you soldier?” he asks. Xavier reaches out and punches the officer, knocking Lisette down in the process. He runs “as fast as [he] can” back to his unit and makes it right before morning roll call. “You went to find that girl, didn’t you,” Elijah whispers in line. “I could have saved you the trouble and told you she was a whore, but you would not have listened.”
This is one of the only times Xavier loses his temper. The British officer is a stand-in for all the officers who have mistreated Xavier, and he lets him have it. Elijah’s joke was cruel, but he isn’t wrong. Xavier is so lonely and isolated in the army that he probably wouldn’t have listened to the truth. 
Themes
Isolation vs. Community Theme Icon
Racism and Assimilation Theme Icon
McCaan and Breech come into the trench to address the soldiers. “An important announcement, gentlemen,” McCaan says. They will soon be sent to a “new undisclosed location,” but in the meantime, McCaan is “especially proud to note” that Elijah has been awarded “the MM for unmatched bravery in the face of the enemy.” McCaan dismisses the men. “Private Bird,” he yells, “report to me at once!”
The MM, or Military Medal, is a decoration given by the British, and Elijah doesn’t deserve it. Xavier deserves that medal, but instead of being commended, he is threatened and almost punished. Xavier is continually overlooked, almost as if he is invisible—unless he does something wrong.
Themes
Racism and Assimilation Theme Icon
Elijah looks to Xavier. “I will come with you,” he says. “Just speak in Cree and I will translate.” Elijah and Xavier report to McCaan’s dugout where he waits with Breech. “Private Bird’s English is very poor, sir,” Elijah says. “You will need me to translate.” McCaan knows that Xavier’s English has improved, and he no longer needs a translator but says nothing. “It is a desperate army indeed that allows non-English speakers into it,” says Breech.
Again, Breech shows his racism. He implies that Xavier isn’t good enough for his army, but he is by far one of the best soldiers. Breech also implies that Xavier is inferior because he doesn’t speak English, which again underscores the power of language to oppress Indigenous people.
Themes
Racism and Assimilation Theme Icon
Language and Storytelling Theme Icon
Breech asks Elijah if Xavier understands that the punishment for desertion is death by firing squad. “I’ve got an idea,” Elijah says in Cree. “Just speak in our tongue and I will do the translating.” “I don’t give a shit anymore,” Xavier says in Cree. “The private says that he went in search of fresh game for the men,” Elijah tells Breech. Breech seems less angry now, but he says that leaving without permission is a “dire offence.” Elijah nods. “Pretty good lie, eh?” he says to Xavier. “Tell the lieutenant that I fucked his mother last night.” Elijah fights a giggle. “And why do they overlook me for all of the honours?” Xavier asks.
Xavier is oppressed by language, but he takes some of that power back here. By pretending not to know English, Xavier is empowered, if even for only a short while. Xavier can say what he wants—they don’t understand his language—but he understands them, which gives him power over them. Xavier notes earlier that there is immense power in words, and this interaction is a prime example.
Themes
Language and Storytelling Theme Icon
“The private has not been himself since our offensive,” Elijah tells Breech. He says Xavier took “a tremendous blow to the head” and has been “nauseous” and “forgetful” ever since. Xavier had simply wanted to help feed the men and forgot to tell McCaan, he says. Xavier has not seen the medic about his head because he fears “the English form of medicine.” Breech orders Xavier to three days observation in the infirmary. “I will not even dare ask what sorcery this heathen practices in the wild forests back home,” Breech says. “You are a lucky bastard,” Elijah says in Cree.
Xavier is again insulted and called “a heathen.” He is continually accused of being uncivilized, but Xavier proves time and time again that he is more civilized than the wemistikoshiw. Xavier is taken from his comfortable life in the bush to live in filth and disease in a ditch where men kill each other without remorse. Boyden seems to overwhelmingly argue that it is the wemistikoshiw who are the heathens, not the Indigenous people.
Themes
Racism and Assimilation Theme Icon