After Darkness
by Christine Piper
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The Dangers of Nationalism Theme Analysis

Themes and Colors
The Dangers of Nationalism Theme Icon
Isolation and Trauma Theme Icon
Kindness, Compassion, and Selflessness Theme Icon
Racism, Xenophobia, and Division Theme Icon
Guilt and Atonement Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in After Darkness, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
The Dangers of Nationalism Theme Icon
The Dangers of Nationalism Theme Icon

In After Darkness, Christine Piper showcases the potential for nationalism to contribute to the dehumanization of a society’s minority groups. In the novel, which is based on real events during World War II, both the Japanese military power and the Australian military power enact this kind dehumanization and justify it with vague notions of nationalism and duty. Perhaps the most prominent example of dehumanization in the novel is the experience of Dr. Ibaraki and his fellow Japanese internees in the Australian internment camp. Though the internees attempt to form a rewarding and rich society through the election of officials (Mayor Mori) and the baseball league, their subpar living conditions and the mere fact of their internment due to their Japanese heritage make their dehumanization undeniable. When Ibaraki’s camp takes a trip to the river in matching uniforms, Ibaraki feels like “a carbon copy of an internee,” stripped of his individuality.

However, the novel also illustrates the dangerous power of nationalist ideologies to convince people to go along with deeply inhumane behavior. Ibaraki’s pre-internment experience in the medical department of the Japanese military demonstrates this dynamic, as he carries out unethical research in the name of serving his country. In fact, the lead researchers literally refer to their human subjects as “logs,” a clear indication that they have allowed themselves to divorce themselves from the horrific reality of what they’re doing. When Ibaraki shows skepticism about these practices (which involve testing biological weapons on human subjects), his superiors insist that such cruelty has a purpose, framing their morbid work as a sort of patriotic duty. When Shimada terminates Ibaraki from the lab, he tells him, “[I]n a few years’ time, we’ll be ruling over Greater East Asia, and our suffering will be rewarded.” The fact that these scientists knowingly do evil things for the sake of an abstract hope for their country shows the power of nationalism to justify horrific acts.

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The Dangers of Nationalism Quotes in After Darkness

Below you will find the important quotes in After Darkness related to the theme of The Dangers of Nationalism.

Chapter 1: South Australia, 1942 Quotes

The doctor’s long fingers prodded me with surprising force while he dictated the condition of my lungs, heart, hair, teeth, and genitals to his assistant in a voice louder than seemed necessary. He met my gaze only once, when I mentioned that I was a physician, too.

Related Characters: Dr. Ibaraki (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 7
Explanation and Analysis:
When Ibaraki arrives at the Loveday internment camp after a grueling, days-long journey, he must undergo a medical examination. The doctor’s rough treatment of his body shows a lack of care that is indicative of the kind of attention internees get at the camp, where officials don’t care much about their wellbeing. Though the doctor examines Ibaraki to assess his general health, his rough demeanor indicates that he cares more about the threat of disease in the camps than about actually caring for his patients. His rough treatment of Ibaraki betrays his lack of respect for the internees. The fact Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde eni

Chapter 6: Loveday, 1942 Quotes

All at once it became clear: this was part of Johnny’s plan to create havoc at camp. Due to jealousy or some personal vendetta, Johnny wanted to bring down the leaders of our compound, and he had somehow convinced Stan that Yamada was to blame for his attack. For all I knew, Stan might have inflicted the wound on himself.

Related Characters: Dr. Ibaraki (speaker), Mr. Yamada, Stanley Suzuki, Johnny Chang
Page Number and Citation: 77
Explanation and Analysis:
At this point in the novel, Stanley Suzuki visits the infirmary with an injury. As Ibaraki treats him, Stan tells him that a group of men attacked him and gave him the injury. Stan tells Ibaraki that Johnny had identified one of the men as Yamada. In this quote, Ibaraki’s internal narrative expresses distrust with this story. Ibaraki’s belief that Yamada wants to stir up trouble, or that Stan even inflicted the wound on himself, shows Ibaraki’s deep trust in authority—Yamada is the deputy mayor of the camp. This trust in authority recalls Ibaraki’s work with the laboratory. Though he Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque

Chapter 11: Loveday, 1942 Quotes

I was struck by the ingenuity of the [mallee] tree in its ability to regenerate and create a new shape better suited for its environment.

Gazing at the mallee trees as we walked to the river, I once more admired their inconspicuous quality [….] Taking a wider perspective, I realized that every element of the landscape […] seemed at pains not to outdo the others, and it struck me as a very noble quality indeed.

Related Characters: Dr. Ibaraki (speaker), Nobuhiro
Related Symbols: Mallee Tree
Page Number and Citation: 138-139
Explanation and Analysis:
This scene occurs after the death of Ibaraki’s brother, Nobuhiro. He eyes the mallee trees as he and his fellow internees walk to their field trip to the river. In his grief, his admiration for the mallee tree reflects his desire to be able to adapt to new environments. This wish calls to mind his experiences working in the laboratory in Tokyo and in the hospital in Broome. In the laboratory, though he pledged his duty to the immoral work, he is unable to carry out a task in a crucial moment. This inability demonstrates that he has not fully Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus po

Chapter 14: Tokyo, 1936 Quotes

“The true purpose of the facility is concealed from the local community through the disguise of a lumber mill. We’ve even started calling our test subjects maruta. It started as a joke, but ‘logs’ has turned out to be a convenient euphemism, so we have persisted with the term.”

Related Characters: Ishii Shiro (speaker), Dr. Ibaraki
Related Symbols: The Laboratory
Page Number and Citation: 183
Explanation and Analysis:
Ishii Shiro utters this quote during a visit to the laboratory at the Army Medical College where Ibaraki works. Before Shiro’s visit, Ibaraki was largely unaware of the larger mission of his lab. However, Shiro’s speech provides the disturbing truth. These “test subjects” that he refers to are the human subjects on which they test their biological weapons. The fact that he refers to them as maruta, or logs, in reference to the facility’s disguise as a lumber mill demonstrates the dehumanization that occurs in order to subject human beings to such cruel treatment. A common sign of dehumanization is Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore

“A great doctor, just like a great military commander, knows that sometimes a few lives have to be sacrificed to save thousands of others. When this war is over, great doctors will be remembered.”

Related Characters: Ishii Shiro (speaker), Dr. Ibaraki
Related Symbols: The Laboratory
Page Number and Citation: 191
Explanation and Analysis:
During Lieutenant Colonel Ishii Shiro’s visit to the laboratory, he pressures Ibaraki into going out for drinks. During this outing, he questions Ibaraki about his work and parentage. Upon hearing about Ibaraki’s father’s illustrious career as a surgeon, Shiro begins to tell the story of his own career: though he had started out wanting to be a surgeon, he later realized that he could impact more people as a scientist. His comparison of a great doctor to a military commander highlights the violence inherent in Shiro’s work at the laboratory. His justification that a few lives have to be sacrificed Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque o

Chapter 15: Broome, 1941 Quotes

Sister Bernice gazed at me. “Don’t you realise what this means? We’re at war with Japan now. You mustn’t stay here. It isn’t safe.” Perhaps mistaking my silence for shock, she continued to speak. “They’ll come for you—they’ll put you away. You should have left a long time ago.”

Her face was creased in anguish. I felt a great tenderness towards her at that moment. “Thank you for your concern, Sister, but you need not worry—I have prepared myself for this outcome.”

Related Characters: Dr. Ibaraki (speaker), Sister Bernice (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 216
Explanation and Analysis:
In this scene, Dr. Ibaraki and Sister Bernice have just heard about Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, United States. This direct attack was the catalyst of the United States’ direct involvement with the war and was used as justification for the U.S. and Australia’s internment of Japanese residents. Sister Bernice urges Dr. Ibaraki to return to Japan, where it is safe for him, before the Japanese government interns him. However, Ibaraki insists (much to Sister Bernice’s anger) that it is his duty as a doctor to stay and care for the community. Sister Bernice’s insistence on Ibaraki leaving Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas

Chapter 17: SS City of Canterbury and Kamakura Maru, 1942 Quotes

I was struck by the paradox: although I’d been released from camp. I’d never felt my enemy status so keenly till now. Ahead of us, a small crowd of onlookers was gathered at the top of the stairs. From a distance, they looked like a typical group of sightseers there to admire the ships, a handful of children among them. But as we neared, their mouths set hard. We were nearly on the gangway when one of the men shouted, “You should kill them!” “Yeah, shoot the bastards!” a woman cried. My chest felt tight. I thought back to the train journey to Loveday, when I’d see the woman with the little girl on the platform—the expression on her face.

Related Characters: Dr. Ibaraki (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 274-275
Explanation and Analysis:
During the prisoner exchange from Loveday Camp, the men must pass through a port in Australia to board the ship home. The experience of Dr. Ibaraki and the other released prisoners during this trip demonstrates the fact that the Australian public continued to display a deep racism during World War II. Though the men have been released from the camp, the war still rages on in Australia and around the world. Ibaraki’s recollection of the racist woman on the train during his journey to Loveday Camp provides a full-circle moment for the novel. It also shows that overcoming prejudice in Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut

“To give one’s life to one’s country, for the greater good of all—it’s the greatest sacrifice. They’re true heroes,” he said, shaking his head. Everyone around me nodded.

But as I thought of the men in their metal coffin, their final breath escaping from their lungs, I imagined them at peace with themselves, knowing what they had done. It is much harder to descend to the depths of suffering and then find a way to keep living. I know, because that is what I have done.

Related Characters: Dr. Ibaraki (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 277
Explanation and Analysis:
During the long journey from Australia back to Japan, Dr. Ibaraki gets to know many of the men on his ship. Together, they reflect on the war. In this scene, the men discuss a group of Japanese soldiers who had died in a successful effort to weaken Allied forces. The men marvel at the bravery of the soldiers, sharing the view that sacrificing oneself for one’s country is the bravest thing one can do. This is a deeply nationalist ideal, as it prizes dedication to one’s country over anything else. However, Ibaraki holds a different view. His stance that committing Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventor

Chapter 18: Tokyo, 1942 Quotes

In the coffee shop, a dark figure came towards me. My heart fluttered when I realized it was Kayoko. She wore navy monpe trousers knotted above her waist and a matching coat. In the unfamiliar clothes, I hardly recognised my wife. Grey threaded her hair. Her cheeks had lost their fullness and her mouth was tight. We sat together, the hum of conversation surrounding us as we shared fragments of our pasts. She smiled when I told her about releasing the lanterns in Broome and the baseball competition at camp. She described the friends she had made at the factory where she worked, assembling munitions parts.

Related Characters: Dr. Ibaraki (speaker), Kayoko
Page Number and Citation: 284
Explanation and Analysis:
After Dr. Ibaraki returns to Japan, he spends some time rebuilding his life before reaching out to Kayoko. In this scene, the two meet at a coffee shop to catch up, having not seen each other in five years. The fact that Ibaraki does not recognize Kayoko at first demonstrates the intense effects that the war has had her and on civilians in general. Her gray hair is a physical manifestation of the time that has passed since their last time seeing one another. Furthermore, Kayoko’s work in the munitions factory highlights the fact that civilians (and women) were largely Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciu