Horses of the Night

by

Margaret Laurence

Teachers and parents! Our Teacher Edition on Horses of the Night makes teaching easy.

Chris Character Analysis

Chris is Vanessa’s older cousin who grew up in poverty on his family’s failing farm in Shallow Creek. Chris is a kind, imaginative, and creative young man. When he is 15, he moves to Manawaka to live with his Grandmother and Grandfather Connor so that he can attend high school. His cousin, Vanessa, and her parents Beth and Ewen, live nearby, and Vanessa becomes particularly attached to him. Chris is a dreamer who uses his dreams to escape his difficult realities: the limitations of his origins, Grandfather Connor’s resentment for having to take him in, and the economic realities of the Great Depression that prevent him from going to college to be a civil engineer. He invents a version of Shallow Creek at odds with the harsh reality of the place, and Vanessa is enchanted by this made-up world where he has a ranch named the Criss-Cross and two majestic horses, Duchess and Firefly. When Grandfather Connor won’t fund his college education, Chris paints another romantic picture, this time of life as a “traveller,” which he tells Vanessa he’d like to become. In reality, Chris becomes a travelling salesman who believes each new item he has to sell will be his ticket to economic success and a shot at college. He’s unable to accept the reality that the Great Depression prevents anyone from buying these superfluous goods. Chris is forced to return to Shallow Creek when he finally accepts that the job is a lost cause. When Vanessa visits him there, she sees not only how different it is compared to his imagined version, but how Chris continues to remain out of touch with reality and is beholden to his dreams. To escape Shallow Creek, Chris enlists in the army at the outset of World War II, despite the fact that war is against his beliefs. While stationed in England, Chris suffers a mental breakdown. Vanessa realizes that he’d been depressed for as long as she’d known him. At the end of the story, Chris is left living in a psychiatric hospital, and it’s hinted that he will never recover.

Chris Quotes in Horses of the Night

The Horses of the Night quotes below are all either spoken by Chris or refer to Chris. For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
Dreams vs. Reality Theme Icon
).
Horses of the Night Quotes

This method proved to be one that Chris always used in any dealings with my grandfather. When the bludgeoning words came […] Chris never seemed, like myself, to be holding back with a terrible strained force for fear of letting go and speaking out […] He would not argue or defend himself […] He simply appeared to be absent, elsewhere.

Related Characters: Vanessa (speaker), Chris, Grandfather Connor
Page Number: 125-126
Explanation and Analysis:

He missed the horses, I thought with selfish satisfaction, more than he missed his family. I could visualize the pair, one sorrel and one black, swifting through all the meadows of summer.

Related Characters: Vanessa (speaker), Chris
Related Symbols: Horses
Page Number: 127
Explanation and Analysis:

You take the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, now. Terrifically high – all those thin ribs of steel, joined together to go across the very wide stretch of water. It doesn’t seem possible, but it’s there. That’s what engineers do. Imagine doing something like that, eh?

Related Characters: Chris (speaker), Vanessa
Page Number: 128
Explanation and Analysis:

And soon, because I desperately wanted to, and because everyday mercifully made me older, quite soon I would be able to reply with such a lightning burst of knowingness that would astound him, when he spoke of the space or was it some black sky that never ended anywhere beyond this earth. Then I would not be innerly belittled for being unable to figure out what he would best like to hear. At that good and imagined time, I would not any longer be limited. I would not any longer be young.

Related Characters: Vanessa (speaker), Chris
Page Number: 130
Explanation and Analysis:

I got this theory, see, that anybody can do anything at all, anything, if they really set their minds to it. But you have to have this total concentration. You have to focus on it with your whole mental powers, and not let it slip away by forgetting to hold it in your mind. If you hold it in your mind, like, then it’s real, see?

Related Characters: Chris (speaker), Vanessa
Page Number: 131
Explanation and Analysis:

I need to say something really penetrating, something that would show him I knew the passionate truth of his conviction. “I bet –” I said, “I bet you’ll sell a thousand, Chris.” Two years ago, this statement would have seemed self-evident, unquestionable. Yet now, when I had spoken, I knew that I did not believe it.

Related Characters: Vanessa (speaker), Chris
Page Number: 133
Explanation and Analysis:

No human word could be applied. The lake was not lonely or untamed. These words relate to people, and there was nothing of people here. There was no feeling about the place. It existed in some world in which man was not yet born. I looked at the grey reaches of it and felt threatened. It was like the view of God which I had held since my father’s death. Distant, indestructible, totally indifferent.

Related Characters: Vanessa (speaker), Chris, Ewen
Page Number: 138
Explanation and Analysis:

“People usually say there must be a God,” Chris went on, “because otherwise how did the universe get here? But that’s ridiculous. If the stars and planet go on to infinity, they could have existed forever, for no reason at all. Maybe they weren’t ever created. Look – what’s the alternative? To believe in a God who is brutal? What else could He be?”

Related Characters: Chris (speaker), Vanessa
Page Number: 140
Explanation and Analysis:

He hardly ever talked about it, but this once he told me about seeing the horses in the mud, actually going under, you know? And the way their eyes looked when they realised they weren’t going to get out. Ever seen horses’ eyes when they’re afraid, I mean really berserk with fear, like in a bush-fire? Ewen said a guy tended to concentrate on the horses because he didn’t dare think what was happening to the men.

Related Characters: Chris (speaker), Vanessa, Ewen
Related Symbols: Horses
Page Number: 141
Explanation and Analysis:

I was thinking of all the schemes he’d had, the ones that couldn’t possibly have worked, the unreal solutions to which he’d clung because there were no others, the brave and useless strokes of fantasy against a depression that was both the world’s and his own.

Related Characters: Vanessa (speaker), Chris
Page Number: 143
Explanation and Analysis:

Well – what it said was that they could force his body to march and even to kill, but what they didn’t know was that he’d fooled them. He didn’t live inside it any more […] the letter seemed only the final heartbreaking extension of the way he’d always had of distancing himself from the absolute unbearability of battle.

Related Characters: Vanessa (speaker), Chris
Page Number: 143
Explanation and Analysis:

Slowly, slowly, horses of the night – The night must move like this for him, slowly, all through the days and nights. I could not know whether the land he journeyed through was inhabited by terrors, the old monster-kings of the lake, or whether he had discovered at last a way for himself to make the necessary dream perpetual.

Related Characters: Vanessa (speaker), Chris
Related Symbols: Horses
Page Number: 144
Explanation and Analysis:
Get the entire Horses of the Night LitChart as a printable PDF.
Horses of the Night PDF

Chris Quotes in Horses of the Night

The Horses of the Night quotes below are all either spoken by Chris or refer to Chris. For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
Dreams vs. Reality Theme Icon
).
Horses of the Night Quotes

This method proved to be one that Chris always used in any dealings with my grandfather. When the bludgeoning words came […] Chris never seemed, like myself, to be holding back with a terrible strained force for fear of letting go and speaking out […] He would not argue or defend himself […] He simply appeared to be absent, elsewhere.

Related Characters: Vanessa (speaker), Chris, Grandfather Connor
Page Number: 125-126
Explanation and Analysis:

He missed the horses, I thought with selfish satisfaction, more than he missed his family. I could visualize the pair, one sorrel and one black, swifting through all the meadows of summer.

Related Characters: Vanessa (speaker), Chris
Related Symbols: Horses
Page Number: 127
Explanation and Analysis:

You take the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, now. Terrifically high – all those thin ribs of steel, joined together to go across the very wide stretch of water. It doesn’t seem possible, but it’s there. That’s what engineers do. Imagine doing something like that, eh?

Related Characters: Chris (speaker), Vanessa
Page Number: 128
Explanation and Analysis:

And soon, because I desperately wanted to, and because everyday mercifully made me older, quite soon I would be able to reply with such a lightning burst of knowingness that would astound him, when he spoke of the space or was it some black sky that never ended anywhere beyond this earth. Then I would not be innerly belittled for being unable to figure out what he would best like to hear. At that good and imagined time, I would not any longer be limited. I would not any longer be young.

Related Characters: Vanessa (speaker), Chris
Page Number: 130
Explanation and Analysis:

I got this theory, see, that anybody can do anything at all, anything, if they really set their minds to it. But you have to have this total concentration. You have to focus on it with your whole mental powers, and not let it slip away by forgetting to hold it in your mind. If you hold it in your mind, like, then it’s real, see?

Related Characters: Chris (speaker), Vanessa
Page Number: 131
Explanation and Analysis:

I need to say something really penetrating, something that would show him I knew the passionate truth of his conviction. “I bet –” I said, “I bet you’ll sell a thousand, Chris.” Two years ago, this statement would have seemed self-evident, unquestionable. Yet now, when I had spoken, I knew that I did not believe it.

Related Characters: Vanessa (speaker), Chris
Page Number: 133
Explanation and Analysis:

No human word could be applied. The lake was not lonely or untamed. These words relate to people, and there was nothing of people here. There was no feeling about the place. It existed in some world in which man was not yet born. I looked at the grey reaches of it and felt threatened. It was like the view of God which I had held since my father’s death. Distant, indestructible, totally indifferent.

Related Characters: Vanessa (speaker), Chris, Ewen
Page Number: 138
Explanation and Analysis:

“People usually say there must be a God,” Chris went on, “because otherwise how did the universe get here? But that’s ridiculous. If the stars and planet go on to infinity, they could have existed forever, for no reason at all. Maybe they weren’t ever created. Look – what’s the alternative? To believe in a God who is brutal? What else could He be?”

Related Characters: Chris (speaker), Vanessa
Page Number: 140
Explanation and Analysis:

He hardly ever talked about it, but this once he told me about seeing the horses in the mud, actually going under, you know? And the way their eyes looked when they realised they weren’t going to get out. Ever seen horses’ eyes when they’re afraid, I mean really berserk with fear, like in a bush-fire? Ewen said a guy tended to concentrate on the horses because he didn’t dare think what was happening to the men.

Related Characters: Chris (speaker), Vanessa, Ewen
Related Symbols: Horses
Page Number: 141
Explanation and Analysis:

I was thinking of all the schemes he’d had, the ones that couldn’t possibly have worked, the unreal solutions to which he’d clung because there were no others, the brave and useless strokes of fantasy against a depression that was both the world’s and his own.

Related Characters: Vanessa (speaker), Chris
Page Number: 143
Explanation and Analysis:

Well – what it said was that they could force his body to march and even to kill, but what they didn’t know was that he’d fooled them. He didn’t live inside it any more […] the letter seemed only the final heartbreaking extension of the way he’d always had of distancing himself from the absolute unbearability of battle.

Related Characters: Vanessa (speaker), Chris
Page Number: 143
Explanation and Analysis:

Slowly, slowly, horses of the night – The night must move like this for him, slowly, all through the days and nights. I could not know whether the land he journeyed through was inhabited by terrors, the old monster-kings of the lake, or whether he had discovered at last a way for himself to make the necessary dream perpetual.

Related Characters: Vanessa (speaker), Chris
Related Symbols: Horses
Page Number: 144
Explanation and Analysis: