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As Poe introduces Berenice to the reader, he uses a simile to illustrate the dire effects of the physical illness that wrecks her body:
Disease—a fatal disease, fell like the simoon upon her frame; and, even while I gazed upon her, the spirit of change swept over her, pervading her mind, her habits, and her character, and, in a manner the most subtle and terrible, disturbing even the identity of her person!
A simoon is a type of wind that blows with extreme intensity and heat, blasting dust across the deserts of the Arabian peninsula. This wind is so strong it is often described as violent and toxic. The all-encompassing, destructive and brutal nature of this natural phenomenon aptly describes the effect of the illness that wrecks Berenice. Her transformation from a girl of “light-heartedness and joy” to a near-unrecognizable wraith is startling both for its tragedy and the sheer speed with which it occurs. The fact that this simoon-like disease crashes “upon her frame” emphasizes Berenice’s fragility, highlighting her vulnerability to the strong force that overtakes her. With this simile, Poe draws a striking parallel between Berenice’s disease and an uncontrollable natural hazard, making it seem as though the devastating effects of her illness operate on a scale equivalent to the destructive force of this sweeping wind.

Teacher
Common Core-aligned