The clash between nature and science is one of the most prominent motifs in "The Birthmark." Hawthorne emphasizes it on both a macrocosmic and microcosmic level. On the macrocosmic level, the story's premise reflects a battle between a scientific mind who thirsts for physical perfection and an earthly force called Nature that prevents his finest achievements. Divine beings do not belong in the mortal world, and man cannot outdo Nature in terms of creation or improvement.
Hawthorne also emphasizes this conflict in the very smallest details of the story; for instance, he compares Aylmer to his servant in the following passage:
With his vast strength, his shaggy hair, his smoky aspect, and the indescribable earthiness that incrusted him, he [Aminadab] seemed to represent man’s physical nature; while Aylmer’s slender figure, and pale, intellectual face, were no less apt a type of the spiritual element.
In every sense, Aminadab embodies the clumsy imperfections of earthly existence. He is strong, unkempt, and unpolished. By contrast, Aylmer is slender, pale, and intellectual. By setting up this striking visual juxtaposition, Hawthorne reinforces the central motif of the story. He also cleverly names each man according to his station at the beginning of the story; Aminadab is Hebrew for "my kinsmen are noble," and Aylmer comes from the Old English for "noble and renowned." On the most granular level, Hawthorne establishes Aylmer's dominance over his assistant. However, everything Aminadab embodies – including Nature, physicality, and earthliness – ends up dominating the realms of science and intellect.
