Burmese Days
by George Orwell

John Flory Character Analysis

The protagonist of the novel, John Flory is a haggard British man with a large blue birthmark on his left cheek who works as a timber merchant in remote British Burma. As a schoolboy, Flory was at first bullied for his birthmark but managed to win friends through his skill at lying, football, and bullying others himself. After school, his parents scrape together enough money to get him a position with a British timber company in Burma; he moves to Burma and works there for the next decade and a half, burying his loneliness, alienation, and boredom in alcohol and women. By his mid-thirties, Flory has come to realize that the British Empire in Burma is hypocritical, exploitative, and “despotic.” He dislikes the other British people in Kyauktada, the town where he lives. His only true friend is local doctor and jail superintendent Dr. Veraswami, and he maintains a depressing relationship with a Burmese woman named Ma Hla May, who uses him for money while he uses her for sex. When an Englishwoman named Elizabeth Lackersteen comes to Kyauktada, Flory projects onto her all the qualities he wants in a partner who could assuage his loneliness, such as open-mindedness and interest in literature. He abandons Ma Hla May and pursues Elizabeth. Yet Elizabeth is in fact small-minded, racist, and conventional; when she finally rejects him after Ma Hla May shows up at the Christian church and makes a scene about Flory abandoning her, Flory concludes that he will never escape his loneliness and dies by suicide.

John Flory Quotes in Burmese Days

The Burmese Days quotes below are all either spoken by John Flory or refer to John Flory. For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
Imperialism and Hypocrisy Theme Icon
).

Chapter 1 Quotes

“But Flory will desert his friend quickly enough when the trouble begins. These people have no feeling of loyalty towards a native.”

Related Characters: U Po Kyin (speaker), Dr. Veraswami, John Flory
Page Number and Citation: 12
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 2 Quotes

The first thing one noticed in Flory was a hideous birthmark stretching in a ragged crescent down his left cheek, from the eye to the corner of the mouth. Seen from the left side his face had a battered, woebegone look, as though the birthmark had been a bruise—for it was a dark blue in color. He was quite aware of its hideousness. At all times, when he was not alone, there was a sidelongness about his movements, as he manoeuvred constantly to keep the birthmark out of sight.

Related Characters: John Flory
Related Symbols: Birthmark
Page Number and Citation: 17
Explanation and Analysis:

Any hint of friendly feeling towards an Oriental seemed to him a horrible perversity. He was an intelligent man and an able servant of his firm, but he was one of those Englishmen—common, unfortunately—who should never be allowed to set foot in the East.

Related Characters: Dr. Veraswami, Ellis, John Flory
Page Number and Citation: 24
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 3 Quotes

“Why, of course, the lie that we’re here to uplift our poor black brothers instead of to rob them. I suppose it’s a natural lie enough. But it corrupts us, it corrupts us in ways you can’t imagine. There’s an everlasting sense of being a sneak and a liar that torments us and drives us to justify ourselves night and day. It’s at the bottom of half our beastliness to the natives.”

Related Characters: John Flory (speaker), Dr. Veraswami
Page Number and Citation: 39
Explanation and Analysis:

“You’ve got to be a pukka sahib or die, in this country. In fifteen years I’ve never talked honestly to anyone except you.”

Related Characters: John Flory (speaker), Dr. Veraswami, Ma Hla May , Elizabeth Lackersteen
Page Number and Citation: 43
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 4 Quotes

“Flory’s embraces meant nothing to her (Ba Pe, Ko S’la’s younger brother, was secretly her lover), yet she was bitterly hurt when he neglected them. Sometimes she had even put love philtres in his food. It was the idle concubine’s life that she loved, and the visits to her village dressed in all her finery, where she could boast of her position as a ‘bo-kadaw’—a white man’s wife; for she had persuaded everyone, herself included, that she was Flory’s legal wife.

Related Characters: Ma Hla May , John Flory, Elizabeth Lackersteen
Page Number and Citation: 54
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 5 Quotes

There was, he saw clearly, only one way out. To find someone who would share his life in Burma—but really share it, share his inner, secret life, carry away from Burma the same memories as he carried. Someone who would love Burma as he loved it and hate it as he hated it. Who would help him live with nothing hidden, nothing unexpressed. Someone who understood him: a friend, that was what it came down to.

A friend. Or a wife?

Related Characters: John Flory, Elizabeth Lackersteen
Page Number and Citation: 72
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 6 Quotes

With Indians there must be no loyalty, no real friendship. […] What shall it profit a man if he save his own soul and lose the whole world?

Related Characters: John Flory, Dr. Veraswami, U Po Kyin
Page Number and Citation: 78–79
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 7 Quotes

There is a short period in everyone’s life when his character is fixed forever; with Elizabeth, it was those two terms during which she rubbed shoulders with the rich. Thereafter her whole code of living was summed up in one belief, and that a simple one. It was that the Good (‘lovely’ was her name for it) is synonymous with the expensive, the elegant, the aristocratic; and the Bad (‘beastly’) is the cheap, the low, the shabby, the laborious. Perhaps it is in order to teach this creed that expensive girls’ schools exist.

Related Characters: John Flory, Elizabeth Lackersteen
Page Number and Citation: 90
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 8 Quotes

It was not the pwe girl’s behaviour, in itself, that had offended her; it had only brought things to a head. But the whole expedition—the very notion of wanting to rub shoulders with all those smelly natives—had impressed her badly. She was perfectly certain that that was not how white men ought to behave.

Related Characters: John Flory, Elizabeth Lackersteen
Page Number and Citation: 107
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 10 Quotes

He so wanted her to love Burma as he loved it, not to look at it with the dull, incurious eyes of a memsahib!

Related Characters: Elizabeth Lackersteen, John Flory
Page Number and Citation: 118
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 12 Quotes

The European Club, that remote, mysterious temple, that holy of holies far harder of entry than Nirvana! Po Kyin, the naked gutter-boy of Mandalay, the thieving clerk and obscure official, would enter that sacred place, call Europeans ‘old chap,’ drink whisky and soda and knock white balls to and fro on the green table!

Related Characters: U Po Kyin, Ma Kin, Dr. Veraswami, John Flory
Page Number and Citation: 143
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 13 Quotes

She had brought back to him the air of England—dear England, where thought is free and one is not condemned forever to dance the danse du pukka sahib for the edification of the lower races.

Related Characters: Dr. Veraswami, John Flory
Page Number and Citation: 151
Explanation and Analysis:

It was true what she had said, he had robbed her of her youth.

Related Characters: John Flory, Ma Hla May
Page Number and Citation: 157
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 14 Quotes

If only he would always talk about shooting, instead of about books and Art and that mucky poetry! In a sudden burst of admiration she decided that Flory was really quite a handsome man, in his way. He looked so splendidly manly, with his pagri-cloth shirt open at the throat, and his shorts and puttees and shooting boots! And his face, lined, sunburned, like a soldier’s face. He was standing with his birth-marked cheek away from her.

Related Characters: Elizabeth Lackersteen, John Flory
Related Symbols: Birthmark, Leopard Skin
Page Number and Citation: 161–162
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 15 Quotes

Mr. Lackersteen was sulking. What rot it was, the way these women put on airs and prevented you from having a good time! The girl was pretty enough to remind him of the illustrations in La Vie Parisienne, and damn it! wasn’t he paying for her keep? It was a shame. But for Elizabeth the position was very serious. She was penniless and had no home except her uncle’s house. She had come eight thousand miles to stay here. It would be terrible if after only a fortnight her uncle’s house were to be made uninhabitable for her.

Related Characters: John Flory, Mr. Lackersteen, Elizabeth Lackersteen
Page Number and Citation: 175
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 17 Quotes

He had not even the heart to be angry any longer. For he had perceived, with the deadly self-knowledge and self-loathing that come to one at such a time, that what had happened served him perfectly right. For a moment it seemed to him that an endless procession of Burmese women, a regiment of ghosts, were marching past him in the moonlight […]. He had dirtied himself beyond redemption, and this was his just punishment.

Related Characters: Elizabeth Lackersteen, John Flory, Mrs. Lackersteen, Ma Hla May
Page Number and Citation: 196
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 19 Quotes

He unrolled it on the table they had just picked up. It looked so shabby and miserable that he wished he had never brought it. She came close to him to examine the skin, so close that her flower-like cheek was not a foot from his own, and he could feel the warmth of her body. So great was his fear of her that he stepped hurriedly away. And in the same moment she too stepped back with a wince of disgust, having caught the foul odour of the skin. It shamed him terribly. It was almost as though it had been himself and not the skin that stank.

Related Characters: Elizabeth Lackersteen, Ma Hla May , John Flory
Related Symbols: Leopard Skin
Page Number and Citation: 219
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 20 Quotes

U Po Kyin’s version (he had a way of being essentially right even when he was wrong in detail) was that Elizabeth had been Flory’s concubine and had deserted him for Verrall because Verrall paid her more.

Related Characters: Elizabeth Lackersteen, Verrall, U Po Kyin, John Flory, Ma Hla May
Page Number and Citation: 227
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 22 Quotes

“Order the police to open fire at once!” shouted Mr. Macgregor from the other side. “You have my authority.”

“And tell them to aim low! No firing over their heads. Shoot to kill. In the guts for choice!”

Related Characters: Mr. Macgregor (speaker), Ellis (speaker), Maxwell, John Flory
Page Number and Citation: 250
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 23 Quotes

Verrall, it was quite certain, would never marry Elizabeth; young men of Verrall’s stamp do not marry penniless girls met casually at obscure Indian stations.

Related Characters: John Flory, Verrall
Page Number and Citation: 260
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 24 Quotes

With death, the birthmark had faded immediately, so that it was no more than a faint grey stain.

Related Characters: John Flory, Elizabeth Lackersteen
Related Symbols: Birthmark
Page Number and Citation: 282
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 25 Quotes

Her servants live in terror of her, though she speaks no Burmese. She has an exhaustive knowledge of the Civil List, gives charming little dinner-parties and knows how to put the wives of subordinate officials in their places—in short, she fulfills with complete success the position for which Nature had designed her from the first, that of a burra memsahib.

Related Characters: Elizabeth Lackersteen, John Flory, Mr. Macgregor
Page Number and Citation: 287
Explanation and Analysis:
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John Flory Character Timeline in Burmese Days

The timeline below shows where the character John Flory appears in Burmese Days. The colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance.
Chapter 1
Class, Gender, and Sex Theme Icon
Friendship and Loyalty Theme Icon
...mentions that Dr. Veraswami has a friend among the British, a timber merchant named Mr. Flory. U Po Kyin isn’t worried: the British aren’t loyal to their non-white friends, and Flory... (full context)
Chapter 2
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Flory, a black-haired, haggard man of 35 with a large birthmark on his left cheek, walks... (full context)
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In the shabby club lounge, Flory and Westfield encounter Mr. Lackersteen, who manages a timber firm’s affairs in the area; Ellis,... (full context)
Imperialism and Hypocrisy Theme Icon
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...claims that they should resist allowing non-white men into the club. Then he asks what Flory thinks. Before Flory can respond, Ellis curses him for being friends with Dr. Veraswami and... (full context)
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Flory shakily points out that he didn’t suggest inducting a native man into the club, but... (full context)
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Westfield asks Flory whether he’s returning to the jungle. Flory says yes: he only came to town for... (full context)
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...Ellis says his language doesn’t matter: no one wants non-white people in the club, unless Flory wants Dr. Veraswami. Macgregor—who was told by a superior to propose inducting a non-white man—changes... (full context)
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...people no longer show respect. They sigh over Dyer, as if Dyer were a martyr. Flory, disgusted by their “evil-minded drivel,” excuses himself. After he’s gone, Ellis calls him “Booker Washington.”... (full context)
Chapter 3
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Flory walks to Dr. Veraswami’s bungalow, where Veraswami, a “small, plump” man with glasses, excitedly invites... (full context)
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...British and criticizes the colonized for “our apathy and superstition,” which he claims prevent progress. Flory argues that the British don’t bring progress, only a horrific conformity. Veraswami argues that if... (full context)
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When Flory asks whether Veraswami has any personal news, Veraswami gravely reveals that Subdivisional Magistrate U Po... (full context)
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Uncomfortable at the reminder of the club’s whites-only status, Flory suggests that perhaps Veraswami could be elected at the next meeting. Veraswami says he wasn’t... (full context)
Chapter 4
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Flory is napping in his bedroom when his long-term loyal servant Ko S’la wakes him up... (full context)
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Soon Ma Hla May, a small woman in her early 20s, arrives and complains that Flory never wants to have sex anymore. When she laments having to pawn her bangles, Flory... (full context)
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Eventually, Ma Hla May and Flory do have sex, but afterward, Flory covers his birthmark—something he does when he feels ashamed.... (full context)
Chapter 5
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Though drunk, Flory can’t sleep when he returns from the club because feral dogs are barking—and one in... (full context)
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...of the Burmese Patriot with the article insulting Macgregor. Ellis and Westfield are furious, while Flory pretends to be. Ellis decides that Dr. Veraswami must have written the article and, using... (full context)
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Flory believes that his “trouble” comes from his birthmark. He recalls how his classmates in grammar... (full context)
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Flory, having realized that the British Empire rests on “despotism with theft as its final object,”... (full context)
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Flory hasn’t returned to England since coming to Burma. At about 30 he sailed for England,... (full context)
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Flory has realized that he can’t cure his loneliness by returning to England; instead, he needs... (full context)
Chapter 6
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The following morning, while Flory shaves and bathes, Macgregor does calisthenic exercises, and Westfield oversees the jailing of a man... (full context)
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Suddenly, Flory hears a scream. He jumps the compound gate, scratching his knee, and runs into the... (full context)
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Ko S’la brings gin onto the veranda for Flory and the woman (Elizabeth), but Flory refuses the morning alcohol. He tells her that it’s... (full context)
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Suddenly, Flory and the woman (Elizabeth) notice that the cook and Ko S’la’s family are spying on... (full context)
Chapter 7
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...not be too choosy about her husband. The following morning, after Elizabeth has returned from Flory’s, she tells the Lackersteens at breakfast about meeting Flory’s “laundress.” Mr. Lackersteen begins to say... (full context)
Chapter 8
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After meeting Elizabeth, Flory has a barber cut his hair and shave him. He also orders Ko S’la to... (full context)
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...U Po Kyin orders a boy to bring out the best dancer in honor of Flory and Elizabeth. Flory translates the command for Elizabeth. As the orchestra plays, a thin girl... (full context)
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...her buttocks to the orchestra’s music, Elizabeth stands up and demands to go home. When Flory suggests they stay a bit longer to avoid insulting the dancer brought out early in... (full context)
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Elizabeth also worries that Flory’s speech praising the dance makes him like the “beastly artists” she hated in Paris. Yet... (full context)
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...Europeans are waiting to meet Elizabeth. Macgregor introduces her to everyone, after which Ellis pulls Flory and Westfield into the card-room and insinuates that Mrs. Lackersteen plans to marry Elizabeth off... (full context)
Chapter 9
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In the same period, Flory ends his relationship with Ma Hla May. While he claims it’s because she stole and... (full context)
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Though Ko S’la disapproved of Ma Hla May, he dislikes Flory’s new behavior: attending church, no longer drinking in the mornings, reducing the number of cigarettes... (full context)
Chapter 10
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Ten days after meeting Elizabeth, Flory still feels he doesn’t know her well. Though he was supposed to go to the... (full context)
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One day, Elizabeth exits the club and finds Flory talking to two Eurasian men, Mr. Francis and Mr. Samuel. Francis, who loves talking to... (full context)
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When Elizabeth asks who Francis and Samuel were, Flory explains that they are Eurasians—children of white men and native women—forced into poverty because they... (full context)
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Elizabeth asks whether anyone socializes with the Eurasians. Flory admits that no “pukka sahib” would talk to them, but when he’s feeling courageous, he... (full context)
Chapter 11
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One morning, Flory takes Elizabeth to the bazaar, supposing she’ll enjoy it. When Elizabeth sees how “horribly dirty”... (full context)
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When Elizabeth and Flory enter Li Yeik’s shop, Li Yeik immediately goes to fetch them tea. Elizabeth spots and... (full context)
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Hurrying away, Elizabeth calls Li Yeik and the others uncivilized, “disgusting people.” Flory, though apologizing, suggests they ought to have at least thanked Li Yeik for the tea.... (full context)
Chapter 12
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...Kyin’s anonymous letters to the other Europeans have also been successful: he has scared off Flory. He has also convinced Westfield (who dislikes U Po Kyin) that Veraswami is conspiring with... (full context)
Chapter 13
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Flory visits Dr. Veraswami at the hospital, which is dirty and corruptly run despite Veraswami’s best... (full context)
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When Flory asks what Veraswami plans to do, Veraswami says he can only hope that his good... (full context)
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...still tearful, says that election to the club would solve all his problems—but he warns Flory to beware of U Po Kyin’s subtle and dangerous attacks. Then he explains to Flory... (full context)
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When Flory approaches his house, Ko S’la hurries out and informs him Ma Hla May is there.... (full context)
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Flory tries to make Ma Hla May get up, but she wriggles along the floor, kisses... (full context)
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Flory acknowledges that he has harmed Ma Hla May and promises to give her money, suggesting... (full context)
Chapter 14
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On the day of their hunting trip, Flory and Elizabeth ride in canoes with Ko S’la, Flo the dog, and Burmese guides toward... (full context)
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Elizabeth asks Flory to describe tiger shooting to her. He dutifully narrates the time he shot a man-eating... (full context)
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Flory hits more birds, and Elizabeth kills nothing. Walking to the fifth beat, they spot an... (full context)
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When Flory and Elizabeth rejoin the other hunters, they are clustered around an old woman who tells... (full context)
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Elizabeth and the other hunters join Flory around the leopard’s body to admire it. Some hunters make a bamboo pole from which... (full context)
Chapter 15
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...no money and nowhere to live but the Lackersteens’. She resolves to say yes if Flory proposes to her in order to get away from her uncle. (full context)
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Later that evening, Elizabeth and Flory meet at the club, walk outside under a frangipani tree, and talk in a distracted... (full context)
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Elizabeth doesn’t fully follow what Flory is saying. When he mentions “loneliness,” she thinks he’s talking about the loneliness she will... (full context)
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After the earthquake passes, Mrs. Lackersteen edges out onto the veranda, exclaiming hysterically. Flory and Elizabeth go inside with her, where everyone has a drink and talks about the... (full context)
Chapter 16
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The following morning, Flory is walking down to the club, where he plans to find Elizabeth and propose. As... (full context)
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Flory sees Elizabeth emerge from the Lackersteens’ house. He asks Verrall whether he can use one... (full context)
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Verrall rides up to Flory. When Flory says that the saddle slipped, Verrall blames Flory, saying you can’t trust “these... (full context)
Chapter 17
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Flory goes to the Club after dinner, hoping to see Elizabeth. Instead he runs into Westfield... (full context)
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...they play cards, they all move to the card-room—and, as Elizabeth takes up the rear, Flory waylays her in the doorway and begs her to tell him how he offended her.... (full context)
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...learn that he’s an “Honourable.” Thinking immediately of her unmarried niece, she rushes to find Flory and Elizabeth to prevent Flory—who only makes 700 rupees a month—from proposing. Then the earthquake... (full context)
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Flory, out behind the club staring at the river, remembers the hundred-odd Burmese women with whom... (full context)
Chapter 18
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The following day, Flory returns to his work in the jungle, which he has been neglecting. He writes Elizabeth... (full context)
Chapter 19
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...horses, and she loves listening to Verrall talk about horses—much as she loved listening to Flory talk about hunting. Though a terse conversationalist, Verrall seems to her manly, military, and romantic,... (full context)
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Flory—lonely and longing for Elizabeth—decides to return to Kyauktada. He plans to bring her the leopard... (full context)
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Regardless, Flory bathes, shaves, and takes the leopard skin to the Lackersteens’ around 4:00 p.m. Mrs. Lackersteen... (full context)
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As Elizabeth shows Flory out, he awkwardly invites her hunting again. She tells him she’s very busy in the... (full context)
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Afterward, Flory loiters outside in his garden to spy on Elizabeth and Verrall starting their ride. He... (full context)
Chapter 20
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The following day, rebellion breaks out in Thongwa. Flory, who marches back to his camp in the jungle the same day, doesn’t hear much... (full context)
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...rebellion is so clearly over, that Maxwell goes back to his camp without a guard. Flory, meanwhile, plans to stay in his own camp until the club meeting where he will... (full context)
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The next day, Mrs. Lackersteen mentions to Elizabeth that Flory will return to Kyauktada around the same time and suggests that they might invite him... (full context)
Chapter 21
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On June 1, the day of the club’s general meeting, Flory enters the club lounge and finds Westfield. Westfield mentions that Maxwell won’t come to the... (full context)
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Flory wishes he hadn’t promised to elect Veraswami but is determined not to break his promise—though... (full context)
Chapter 22
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...Verrall—who is practicing polo—all the Europeans attend Maxwell’s funeral the next morning. Everyone is giving Flory the cold shoulder because Maxwell’s death makes them even angrier at Flory’s “disloyalty.” Ellis and... (full context)
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...the club. Everyone is fuming about the “unprovoked attack on Ellis,” and Elizabeth utterly ignores Flory. Suddenly, they hear loud bangs on the roof. Mrs. Lackersteen screams. The butler rushes in... (full context)
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...flying through one of the shutters, cuts Elizabeth’s elbow. She bursts into tears and grabs Flory’s arm, to his surprise. When she begs him to act, he realizes that he can... (full context)
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From this position, Flory sees that a group of about 150 policemen are trying and failing to subdue the... (full context)
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As the crowd disperses, Dr. Veraswami emerges and tells Flory he was attempting to curb the crowd. Then, out of the darkness, U Po Kyin... (full context)
Chapter 23
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...Westfield and Verrall return with two men who will be executed for Maxwell’s murder. Meanwhile, Flory visits Dr. Veraswami, who exults that Flory’s quick actions in stopping the riot prevented U... (full context)
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Thirty minutes later, Flory approaches the club in the rain and sees Elizabeth on the veranda. They exchange a... (full context)
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Inside the club, Flory praises Dr. Veraswami’s conduct during the riot to Macgregor. They don’t vote on Veraswami’s election... (full context)
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...a meeting. At the meeting, U Po Kyin concludes that they can’t harm Veraswami until Flory—a “miserable coward” who U Po Kyin never suspected would stay loyal to Veraswami—is out of... (full context)
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...hay and corn.) Later, Mrs. Lackersteen roundly criticizes Verrall’s behavior and mentions “almost lovingly” that Flory will return to Kyauktada soon. (full context)
Chapter 24
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...day (Sunday) in the evening, all the Christians in Kyauktada gather at the church, including Flory. Earlier that evening, he met Elizabeth at the club and asked her whether Verrall had... (full context)
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...the sermon, Ma Hla May suddenly appears in the church door and begins screaming at Flory to give her money. Seeing her dilapidated and desperate appearance, Flory is horrified that Elizabeth... (full context)
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...he is the one who coached Ma Hla May. When the clergyman finishes his sermon, Flory flees the church. As the others leave, Flory waylays Elizabeth, grabbing her wrist and begging... (full context)
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Flory hurries home, enters his bedroom, and shuts the door. He realizes that the “palliatives” he... (full context)
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Ko S’la rushes into the room, sees Flory’s body, and yells at another servant to get Dr. Veraswami. Twenty minutes later, Veraswami arrives,... (full context)
Chapter 25
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The clergyman presides over Flory’s funeral before leaving Kyauktada. Though Dr. Veraswami manages to get the death declared an accident,... (full context)
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With the 400 rupees Flory left Ko S’la in his will, Ko S’la starts a tea shop, but the business... (full context)
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...unmarried” when Macgregor asks her to marry him—as he has been planning to do since Flory’s death. Elizabeth says yes, because while Macgregor is old for her, he’s also Deputy Commissioner.... (full context)