LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in Everything Is Illuminated, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Storytelling and the Holocaust
Generational Trauma
Meaning and Self-Discovery
Love and Grief
Chance, Misfortune, and Luck
Summary
Analysis
Alex, Alex’s Grandfather, Jonathan, and the woman whom they still call Augustine, though they know she is not Augustine, leave the woman’s house to head to Trachimbrod. The woman says that she has never ridden in a car and doesn’t feel safe doing so. She then walks slowly ahead of the car while Alex, his Grandfather, and Jonathan follow in the car behind her. When they reach Trachimbrod, it is dark. There is nothing there, no houses, no objects.
The fact that the woman has not ridden in a car before and chooses to walk instead of ride in Alex’s Grandfather’s van underlines the idea that, in some ways, the woman has come directly out of the 1940s and arrived in 1997. The fact that Trachimbrod no longer exists underlines that point and also highlights the destructiveness of the Nazis during World War II.
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Alex asks the woman how Trachimbrod disappeared. The woman says that it happened quickly. She explains that one day, Nazi soldiers arrived in Trachimbrod. They lined all of the Jewish people in Trachimbrod up in lines. They then held people’s family members at gunpoint and said they would shoot them if people didn’t spit on the Torah. When it came to the woman’s father, the Nazi soldiers held his wife (the woman’s mother) at gunpoint. The woman’s father refused to spit on the Torah, and the Nazi soldiers shot his wife. They then held the woman’s four-year-old sister at gunpoint. The woman’s father again refused to spit, and the Nazis shot the woman’s sister. The Nazi soldiers then held the woman’s pregnant sister at gunpoint, with the gun pointed inside her vagina. When the woman’s father again refused to spit on the Torah, the Nazi soldiers fired.
In this passage, the woman describes the atrocities that the Nazis committed in Trachimbrod. This scene marks the moment when the magical realism of Jonathan’s sections meets the realism of Alex’s sections. The tone of the novel also shifts significantly in this passage. Up to this point, the novel has often utilized an almost madcap and humorous tone. This passage, though, portrays the atrocities of the Nazis in vivid detail to show the horror of their crimes. To do that, the novel switches to a more somber and reflective tone. It remains to be seen whether the novel will maintain that more reflective tone as the book continues. This passage also suggests that Trachimbrod was just one place among many where the Nazis carried out these kinds of massacres and atrocities.
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The Nazi soldiers then held the gun to the woman’s father’s head and said that if he spat on the Torah, they would kill him. He spat, and they killed him. The woman’s pregnant sister remained alive, though the bullet killed her baby. The woman’s sister crawled through the streets and then knocked on the doors of people in town who weren’t Jewish, but nobody would help her out of fear that they would be killed if they did. The woman’s sister then crawled to the forest. The next day, she returned to town and gathered all of her family’s valuables and buried them. She then fled to Russia. Years later, she returned to Trachimbrod, which no longer existed. She gathered what she could find of what she buried and brought those valuables to the house closest to Trachimbrod, which is where the woman now lives.
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After hearing what happened in World War II in Trachimbrod, Jonathan and Alex stand in silence before a monument in the center of what used to be the town. The monument is dedicated to the 1,204 Trachimbroders killed “at the hands of German Fascism” on March 18, 1942. It was dedicated on March 18, 1992, by the prime minister of Israel. The group then returns to the woman’s house. At the house, they ask the woman again if she knows anything about Augustine, and she says no. She says she knew that Safran survived, though, because she saw him years later when he returned for one afternoon. They talked during that afternoon about Shakespeare, not about the war.
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The woman then gives Jonathan a box labeled “In Case.” Before they leave, Alex asks what the woman’s name is. She says it’s Lista. As they go, Alex’s Grandfather kisses Lista on the lips. Lista then says she must go attend to her baby, who is waiting for her.
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