Themes and Colors
Memory, Loss, and Grief Theme Icon
Maternal Kinship and Community Theme Icon
Nature and Familial Identity Theme Icon
Power, Discrimination, and Oppression Theme Icon
Language and Translation Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in Lullaby, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Nature and Familial Identity Theme Icon
Nature and Familial Identity Theme Icon

Elements of the natural world are an important symbolic throughline in “Lullaby.” In the present, Ayah makes her way through a heavy snowstorm, searching for her husband, Chato. While waiting for him near Cebolleta Creek, she imagines how the flow of water changes in different seasons, displaying a deep familiarity with the natural cycles of the land around her. Likewise, many of her memories are rooted in specific seasons and natural elements: her eldest son is born in the summer just as the flowers are in bloom, and she mourns the loss of her younger children by sleeping on the hill where they spent their last day together until the first snows of winter arrive.

This natural imagery frequently invokes a sense of wonder, comfort, and peace. Even Ayah’s most traumatic memories are alleviated by nature. When she and her children flee from the white doctors to the hilltop, the “sun warmth relaxed her and took the fear and anger away.” As she and Chato might freeze to death in the snow, Ayah is struck by the “clarity of the night sky.” Even when Ayah’s familial bonds are threatened, then, nature grounds her and anchors her identity.

Gradually, the natural world becomes a symbol of familial connection. Danny and Ella, infrequently brought to visit their home, are “being weaned from these lava hills and from this sky,” as a mother weans an infant. Though connection to the earth is as vital as connection to family, Ayah can sense that her children are being taught to live without it. In other words, being taken from their native landscape symbolizes their removal from their biological family as well. The lullaby that serves as the story’s end makes this connection explicit, saying “The earth is your mother […] The sky is your father.” By linking the natural world with familial identity, the story underscores the tragedy of Ayah’s loss and condemns the forces that separated her children from so much of what made them who they are. 

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Nature and Familial Identity ThemeTracker

The ThemeTracker below shows where, and to what degree, the theme of Nature and Familial Identity appears in each chapter of Lullaby. Click or tap on any chapter to read its Summary & Analysis.
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Lullaby
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Nature and Familial Identity Quotes in Lullaby

Below you will find the important quotes in Lullaby related to the theme of Nature and Familial Identity.

Lullaby Quotes

Ayah reached out for it like her own babies had, and she smiled when she remembered how she had laughed at them. She was an old woman now, and her life had become memories.

Related Characters: Ayah
Page Number and Citation: 41
Explanation and Analysis:

She felt peaceful remembering. She didn’t feel cold any more. Jimmie’s blanket seemed warmer than it had ever been. And she could remember the morning he was born. She could remember whispering to her mother, who was sleeping on the other side of the hogan, to tell her it was time now. […] The morning was already warm even before dawn and Ayah smelled the bee flowers blooming and the young willow growing at the springs.

Related Characters: Ayah, Jimmie, Ayah’s Mother
Page Number and Citation: 42
Explanation and Analysis:

The sun warmth relaxed her and took the fear and anger away. She lay back on the rock and watched the sky. It seemed to her that she could walk into the sky, stepping through clouds endlessly. Danny played with little pebbles and stones, pretending they were birds eggs and then little rabbits. Ella sat at her feet and dropped fistfuls of dirt into the breeze, watching the dust and particles of sand intently.

Related Characters: Ayah, Danny, Ella
Page Number and Citation: 43
Explanation and Analysis:

It was worse than if they had died: to lose children and to know that somewhere, in a place called Colorado, in a place full of sick and dying strangers, her children were without her. There had been babies that died soon after they were born, and one that died before he could walk. She had carried them herself, up to the boulders and great pieces of the cliff that long ago crashed down from Long Mesa; she laid them in the crevices of sandstone and buried them in fine brown sand with round quartz pebbles that washed down the hills in the rain. She had endured it because they had been with her.

Related Characters: Ayah, Danny, Ella
Page Number and Citation: 44
Explanation and Analysis:

Ayah watched the government car disappear down the road and she knew they were already being weaned from these lava hills and from this sky.

Related Characters: Danny, Ella, Ayah
Page Number and Citation: 46
Explanation and Analysis:

The sky cleared. Ayah saw that there was nothing between her and the stars. The light was crystalline. There was no shimmer, no distortion through earth haze. She breathed the clarity of the night sky; she smelled the purity of the half moon and the stars.

Related Characters: Ayah
Page Number and Citation: 48
Explanation and Analysis:

She tucked the blanket around him, remembering how it was when Ella had been with her; and she felt the rush so big inside her heart for the babies. And she sang the only song she knew to sing for babies. She could not remember if she had ever sung it to her children, but she knew that her grandmother had sung it and her mother hand sung it:

The earth is your mother,
she holds you,
The sky is your father,
he protects you.

[…]

We are together always
There was never a time
when this
was not so.

Related Characters: Ayah, Chato, Ella, Ayah’s Mother
Related Symbols: Blankets
Page Number and Citation: 48
Explanation and Analysis: