The Machine Stops
Introduction + Context
Plot Summary
Detailed Summary & Analysis
Part 1: The Air-Ship Part 2: The Mending Apparatus Part 3: The Homeless
Themes
All Themes Technology vs. Nature Religion and Faith Simulation vs. Experience Human Connection Emotion vs. Rationality
Quotes
Characters
All Characters The Machine Vashti Kuno The Flight Attendant The Lecturer
Terms
All Terms Air-Ships Homelessness The Mending Apparatus
Symbols
All Symbols The Book Respirators
Literary Devices
All Literary Devices Allusions Foil Foreshadowing Genre Imagery Irony Metaphors Mood Satire Setting Similes Situational Irony Style Tone
Download PDF
Download Teacher Edition
The LitCharts.com logo.
Sign In Sign up for A+
The LitCharts.com logo.
AI Tools
  • Ask LitCharts AI
  • Discussion Question Generator
  • Essay Prompt Generator
  • Quiz Question Generator
Guides Guides
  • Literature Guides
  • Poetry Guides
  • Shakespeare Translations
  • Literary Terms
Sign In Sign up for A+ Sign up

The Machine Stops

by E.M. Forster
Upgrade to A+
Introduction Intro
Plot Summary Plot
Summary & Analysis Summary
  • Part 1: The Air-Ship
  • Part 2: The Mending Apparatus
  • Part 3: The Homeless
Themes
  • All Themes
  • Technology vs. Nature Theme Icon
    Technology vs. Nature
  • Religion and Faith Theme Icon
    Religion and Faith
  • Simulation vs. Experience Theme Icon
    Simulation vs. Experience
  • Human Connection Theme Icon
    Human Connection
  • Emotion vs. Rationality Theme Icon
    Emotion vs. Rationality
Quotes
Characters
  • All Characters
  • The Machine
  • Vashti
  • Kuno
  • The Flight Attendant
  • The Lecturer
Terms
  • All Terms
  • Air-Ships
  • Homelessness
  • The Mending Apparatus
Symbols
  • All Symbols
  • The Book Symbol Icon
    The Book
  • Respirators Symbol Icon
    Respirators
Lit Devices
  • All Literary Devices
  • Allusions
  • Foil
  • Foreshadowing
  • Genre
  • Imagery
  • Irony
  • Metaphors
  • Mood
  • Satire
  • Setting
  • Similes
  • Situational Irony
  • Style
  • Tone
Theme Wheel Theme Viz
Download this Chart (PDF)
Download the Teacher Edition
Download this Chart (PDF)
Previous
The Mending Apparatus

The Machine Stops Symbols

Next
The Book

The Book

The Book, an elaborate user’s manual for the Machine, symbolizes the dangers of blind faith. In the dystopian society of “The Machine Stops,” people live underground because they Earth’s surface is apparently no longer…

read analysis of The Book

The Book Symbol Icon

Respirators

Respirators—a form of protective equipment that make it possible to visit Earth’s surface—symbolize humanity’s innate desire to be close to nature. In the world of the story, the air aboveground has become toxic to human…

read analysis of Respirators

Respirators Symbol Icon
Previous
The Mending Apparatus
Previous
The Mending Apparatus
Next
The Book
Next
The Book

Company
About Us Our Story
Support
Help Center Contact Us
Connect
Facebook Twitter
Legal
Terms of Service Privacy Policy Privacy Request
Home About Contact Help
LitCharts, a Learneo, Inc. business
Copyright © 2026 All Rights Reserved
Terms Privacy Privacy Request
The LitCharts.com logo.
Save time. Stress less.
Sign up!
  • AI Tools for on-demand study help and teaching prep.
  • Quote explanations, with page numbers, for over 50,459 quotes.
  • PDF downloads of all 2,263 LitCharts guides.
  • Expert analysis to take your reading to the next level.
  • Advanced search to help you find exactly what you're looking for.
  • Quizzes, saving guides, requests, plus so much more.
  • Expert analysis to take your reading to the next level.
  • Advanced search to help you find exactly what you're looking for.
  • Quizzes, saving guides, requests, plus so much more.
The LitCharts.com logo.
The LitCharts.com logo.
The LitCharts.com logo.
The LitCharts.com logo.