The Trial of Dedan Kimathi

by

Ngũgĩ Wa Thiong'o and Mĩcere Gĩthae Mũgo

Themes and Colors
Imperialism and Oppression  Theme Icon
Justice  Theme Icon
Unity vs. Division  Theme Icon
Racism  Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in The Trial of Dedan Kimathi, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Justice  Theme Icon

Mau Mau Field Marshall Dedan Kimathi was captured by white police officer Ian Henderson (reimagined as Shaw Henderson in the play) in 1956. He was then charged with illegal possession of a revolver, found guilty, and sentenced to death. Officially, Kimathi’s execution was carried out legitimately, in a proper court of law. The Trail of Dedan Kimathi, however, challenges the legitimacy of the legal system that delivered so-called justice to Kimathi, arguing that the fundamental biases of that system render it incapable of meting out legitimate, fair justice. The inherent bias of the justice system is apparent from the courtroom scene in the play’s First Movement when the judge enters the courtroom. The stage directions specify that Henderson—Kimathi’s captor—is to assume the role of judge, a compositional choice that highlights the inherent bias of the court system, underscoring the aligned interests of Kimathi’s accusers and the justice system tasked with assessing his case. Although Henderson, in his interrogations of Kimathi, will insist that his role as judge requires him to assess Kimathi’s case from a “neutral” perspective, Kimathi rejects this premise throughout the play, refusing even to plead guilty in a court of law that is fundamentally biased toward protecting the interests of colonial oppressors at the expense of native Kenyans.

In the play’s Second Movement, after the judge states the charges brought against Kimathi and asks how Kimathi wishes to plead, Kimathi refuses to enter a plea of guilty or not guilty. Instead, he challenges the legitimacy of the right of a “colonial judge” to judge him at all. When the judge counters that the law is neutral—that there is “one law, one justice” to which all people must answer, Kimathi retorts that there are in fact “Two laws. Two justices,” one to protect “the man of property, the man of wealth, the foreign exploiter,” and another law, which “silences the poor, the hungry, our people” (by which he means native Kenyans). Kimathi’s notion of two justices underscores the justice system’s inherent bias against himself and all Kenyans, arguing that true, legitimate justice cannot happen under systems of oppression. Using this logic, then, the play more broadly justifies the guerilla warfare of Kimathi and the Mau Mau attacks he and other leaders orchestrated, suggesting that given colonial Kenya’s fundamental bias against the interests of its native Kenyan subjects, revolutionaries like Kimathi had no choice but to turn to illegitimate means to take back their freedom and  humanity. 

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Justice Quotes in The Trial of Dedan Kimathi

Below you will find the important quotes in The Trial of Dedan Kimathi related to the theme of Justice .
First Movement Quotes

You think the mzungu is a fool. H’m. As we are talking now Gatotia, Gaceru, Gati, Mwendanda and Wambararia, Kimathi’s own brother, are wearing hoods, pointing out the terrorists and their supporters one by one. I myself fear something quite different. Angry mothers who have lost their husbands and children might want to tear that beastly Kimathi to pieces!

Related Characters: Second Soldier (speaker), Gakunia/Gatotia, First Soldier, Dedan Kimathi, Wambararia
Page Number: 13
Explanation and Analysis:

You want to change masters! A black master for a white master! Have you no other horizon? Except to be a slave! If you didn’t have better things to do, why, I would properly thrash you.

Related Characters: Woman (speaker), Boy, Dedan Kimathi, Girl
Page Number: 20
Explanation and Analysis:
Second Movement Quotes

To a criminal judge, in a criminal court, set up by criminal law: the law of oppression. I have no words.

Related Characters: Dedan Kimathi (speaker), Shaw Henderson/Judge
Related Symbols: Kimathi’s Jail Cell
Page Number: 25
Explanation and Analysis:

Two laws. Two justices. One law and one justice protects the man of property, the man of wealth, the foreign exploiter. Another law, another justice, silences the poor, the hungry, our people.

Related Characters: Dedan Kimathi (speaker), Shaw Henderson/Judge
Page Number: 25-26
Explanation and Analysis:

JUDGE: There’s no liberty without law and order.

KIMATHI: There’s no order and law without liberty.
Chain my legs,
Chain my hands,
Chain my soul,
And you cry, law and justice?
And the law of the people bids me:
Unchain my hands
Unchain my legs
Unchain my soul!

Related Characters: Dedan Kimathi (speaker), Shaw Henderson/Judge (speaker)
Page Number: 27
Explanation and Analysis:

SETTLER: […]
You think it was easy?
And when I thought I would
sit down and enjoy the fruits of my labor
You struck.
I had perfect relationships with my boys
They were happy on my farm
I gave them posho, built them a school,
a dispensary…gave them everything
they needed
They loved me
Yes, at Olkalau they talked of my farm with awe: loyal, meek, submissive.
Then that devil, Field Marshal, came
Milk clerk, oath clerk, murderer!
Poisoned simple minds
led astray their God-fearing souls
with his black mumbo jumbo
My wife, my daughter, my property.
Now, now, you’ll die.

Related Characters: Settler (speaker), Dedan Kimathi, Shaw Henderson/Judge
Page Number: 29
Explanation and Analysis:

HENDERSON: The trouble with you, Dedan, is that you are too suspicious. Look, I come peacefully. I’m not armed.

KIMATHI: [severely]: No, not with a firearm. Only with words. Speeches. Sweet promises. Save your breath.

Related Characters: Shaw Henderson/Judge (speaker), Dedan Kimathi (speaker)
Related Symbols: Kimathi’s Jail Cell
Page Number: 32
Explanation and Analysis:

KIMATHI: [angry, grabs him by the neck]:
Life. My Life. Give up my life for your life.
Who are you, imperialist cannibal, to guarantee my life?
My life is our People.
Struggling
Fighting
Not like you to maintain
Slavery
Oppression
Exploitation
But
To end slavery, exploitation,
Modern cannibalism. Out. Rat.
Go back to your masters
and tell them:
Kimathi will never sell Kenya
to the British or to any other
Breed of man-eaters, now or in the years to come.

Related Characters: Dedan Kimathi (speaker), Shaw Henderson/Judge
Page Number: 35-36
Explanation and Analysis:

BUSINESS EXECUTIVE: It is not, eeh, exactly like that. But there have been two important announcements. They have said: No more racialism. No more colour bar. In public places. In administration. In business. In the allocation of loans. In the grabbing, well, in the acquisition of land. Partnership in progress, that’s the new motto. Is this not what we have been fighting for? Any black man who now works hard and has capital can make it to the top. We can become social directors of foreign companies. We can now buy land in the White Highlands. White Highlands no more. It’s now: willing Seller, willing Buyer.

Related Characters: Business Executive (speaker), Dedan Kimathi
Related Symbols: Kimathi’s Jail Cell
Page Number: 45
Explanation and Analysis:

POLITICIAN: War in the Forest. Words will do now. They have already given us seats in the Legislative Council. Great victory.

KIMATHI: Words. Words. Words. Game of diplomats!

Related Characters: Politician (speaker), Dedan Kimathi (speaker)
Related Symbols: Kimathi’s Jail Cell
Page Number: 47
Explanation and Analysis:

KIMATHI: […] Listen and listen well. I will fight to the bitter end. Protect our soil. Protect our people. This is what I, Kimathi wa Wachiuri, swore at initiation.

HENDERSON: It will have to be from the hangman’s rope, Mr. Field Marshal.

KIMATHI: Already sentenced, am I? How is that for even handed British justice!
[laughs loudly, scornfully.]

Related Characters: Dedan Kimathi (speaker), Shaw Henderson/Judge (speaker)
Related Symbols: Kimathi’s Jail Cell
Page Number: 54
Explanation and Analysis:
Third Movement Quotes

It’s always the same story. Poor men sent to die so that parasites might live in paradise with ill-gotten wealth. Know that we are not fighting against the British people. We are fighting against British colonialism and imperialist robbers of our land, our factories, our wealth. Will you denounce British imperialism?

Related Characters: Dedan Kimathi (speaker), The Two British Soldiers
Page Number: 64
Explanation and Analysis:

WOMAN: […]
When will you learn?
We shall continue to suffer
Until that day
We can recognize our own
Our true kinsmen
When we can correctly
Identify our enemies
What is this superstition about
Kindred blood even when it
turns sour and treacherous
to our long cherished cause?
My clansman, my kinsman,
My brother, my sister
If these are of my house
Let them honour
the oath of unity
Let them uphold
the struggle of liberation
from slavery, exploitation.
So whatever decisions we make
It must be wise in itself
It must advance our struggle
And not be made on the basis
of kindred blood.

Related Characters: Woman (speaker), Dedan Kimathi
Page Number: 73-74
Explanation and Analysis:

KIMATHI: Time is money. Money is justice.
Justice is money. Moneyed justice.
Thirty pieces of silver.
Judases. Traitors.

Related Characters: Dedan Kimathi (speaker), Shaw Henderson/Judge
Page Number: 79
Explanation and Analysis:

KIMATHI: [addressing the people]:
So, go!
Organize in your homes
Organize in the mountains
Know that your only
Kindred blood is he
who is in the struggle
Denounce those who weaken
Our struggle
by creating ethnic divisions
Uproot from you those
Who are selling out to imperialism
Kenyan masses shall be free!

Related Characters: Dedan Kimathi (speaker), Shaw Henderson/Judge
Page Number: 83-84
Explanation and Analysis: