Brighton Rock
by Graham Greene
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Themes and Colors
Catholicism Theme Icon
Pride and Ambition Theme Icon
Sex and Shame Theme Icon
Innocence vs. Experience Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in Brighton Rock, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Catholicism Theme Icon
Catholicism Theme Icon

At the heart of Brighton Rock by Graham Greene is the unconventional love story of Pinkie and Rose, whose shared Catholic faith shapes, illuminates, and ultimately dooms their love. Though both characters are devoutly (if imperfectly) Catholic, Pinkie focuses more on Hell and damnation, whereas Rose focuses more on Heaven and redemption. Ida Arnold, meanwhile—intent on making the brutal Pinkie answer for his crimes—believes most in common superstition, and in her own sense of right and wrong. These warring belief systems, when pitted against one another, prove explosive and deadly. In the end, although Pinkie himself dies a terrible death, it is Pinkie’s vision of damnation that triumphs.

On their first date, Pinkie and Rose discover that they’re both “Romans.” Their rearing in the Catholic faith becomes a touchstone for them, something they have in common that binds them from the beginning, but their unique perspectives on the way God works in the world could not be more different. Pinkie’s Catholicism is one of damnation and flames and torments. Rose has hope. She believes in Heaven and forgiveness and it is her steadfast, optimistic belief that allows her to fall in love with Pinkie and eventually become his wife.

Pinkie’s faith has been formed by his upbringing, of which Greene gives only glimpses. Those glimpses, though, are telling. Pinkie remembers his childhood in the downtrodden Brighton housing project of Paradise Piece primarily as a series of Saturday nights during which his father would mount his mother and both parents would forget they even had a son. On such nights, Pinkie felt dead, invisible. When he returns to the home of his youth, it has collapsed completely. It looks like a bomb has fallen on it. In reality, it was always cheap, shabbily built, and poorly maintained, barely fit for human habitation. Pinkie’s belief in a God bent on punishment makes sense when taken in this context, as does his inherent inability to love. Pinkie’s God is vindictive and ruthless; Pinkie is a reservoir of hate, much of it aimed at himself. He models his behavior as the head of a crime syndicate on that malicious God, reflexively turning to murder to solve his problems: “He trailed the clouds of his own glory after him: hell lay about him in his infancy. He was ready for more deaths.”

Rose’s homelife is equally bleak, but her faith takes her in a different direction. Born to a mother and father prone to black moods and having spent her first fifteen years in a dirty and depressing basement room, she looks to God to provide an escape. Later, when it’s Pinkie who frees her from the bondage of a joyless poverty, he becomes her god. She enters in to what she considers mortal sin by marrying him in a fake ceremony and even sleeps with him out of wedlock. If Pinkie is damned, she is ready to be damned also. She places all of her faith in him.

On the surface, it would seem that Rose and Pinkie’s Catholicism contrasts directly with Ida Arnold’s free-wheeling spiritualism and her belief in herself as an agent of justice. Convinced that “poor old Fred” Hale has been killed by Pinkie and his gang, she makes it her mission to solve the case on her own, not necessarily because she cares deeply for Fred (she only knew him for a few hours; also, his name is really Charles), but because doing so sounds fun to her, like “a bit of life.”

Ida doesn’t believe in God. Instead, she turns to her Ouija board for guidance when she’s in a quandary. She’s rarely in a quandary, though. To Ida, the world is a very simple place. There are good people and there are bad people; the good people should be saved and praised, the bad brought to justice and summarily punished. This is where her views and actions overlap with those of Pinkie. Her overly simplistic view of human nature shares much in common with the strictest tenets of Catholic doctrine which suggest that hell is reserved for sinners and heaven for those who repent.

Pinkie’s Catholicism is fatalistic. Convinced that he has been damned since birth, he kills and kills again because hell isn’t going to get any hotter. Rose’s faith is all about redemption, and therefore it makes sense that she would fall in love with Pinkie, who is more in need of redemption than anyone. Ida’s faith in the occult and her unshakable confidence in herself invest her with a frightening amount of power. Dallow tells Ida that she’s the reason Pinkie and Rose end up on the cliff above the sea, locked into a suicide pact, and he is, to a certain extent, right. It is the combination of Ida’s life philosophy of an eye for an eye, Pinkie’s morbid fascination with death and damnation, and Rose’s guileless belief in a merciful God, that results in the kind of blood bath Pinkie had anticipated all along.

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Catholicism Quotes in Brighton Rock

Below you will find the important quotes in Brighton Rock related to the theme of Catholicism.

Part I, Chapter 2 Quotes

The imagination hadn’t awoken. That was his strength. He couldn’t see through other people’s eyes or feel with their nerves. Only the music made him uneasy, the catgut vibrating in the heart; it was like nerves losing their freshness, it was like age coming on, other people’s experience battering on the brain.

Related Characters: Pinkie Brown (speaker)
Related Symbols: Music
Page Number and Citation: 47
Explanation and Analysis:
Pinkie, having ordered the murder of Hale and started his campaign of wooing Rose, is waiting on the Brighton pier for her to appear so he can take her on their first date. Pinkie is not often burdened by feelings of empathy. That is a strength in his line of work because heading one of the town’s horse race gangs requires that he be at ease with killing and casual violence. Pinkie was raised a Catholic, though, and music, regardless of genre, reminds him of the hymns of his youth and the promises he made as a boy to follow Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut

The inhuman voice whistled round the gallery and the Boy sat silent. It was he this time who was being warned; life held the vitriol bottle and warned him: I’ll spoil your looks. It spoke to him in the music, and when he protested that he for one would never get mixed up, the music had its own retort at hand: ‘You can’t always help it. It sort of comes that way.’

Related Characters: Pinkie Brown (speaker), Rose
Related Symbols: Music
Page Number and Citation: 53
Explanation and Analysis:
Pinkie and Rose are on their first date at Sherry’s night club and Pinkie is fingering the bottle of vitriol, or sulfuric acid, in his pocket, which he keeps around for emergencies. A voice speaks to him as he does so, warning him that the acid, which Pinkie intends to use on his enemies, will end up hurting him instead. The music playing in the club mixes with the odd and otherworldly voice, which suggests to Pinkie that the acid is fated to disfigure his own face. This is a concrete example of foreshadowing. Later, on the cliff near Peacehaven, Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolor

“You are wasting your time, my child,” Mr. Colleoni said. “You can’t do me any harm.” He laughed gently. “If you want a job though, come to me. I like push. I dare say I could find room for you. The World needs young people with energy.” The hand with the cigar moved expansively mapping out the World as Mr. Colleoni visualized it: lots of little electric clocks controlled by Greenwich, buttons on a desk, a good suite on the first floor, accounts audited, reports from agents, silver, cutlery, glass.

Related Characters: Colleoni (speaker), Pinkie Brown
Page Number and Citation: 66
Explanation and Analysis:
Pinkie is at the Cosmopolitan hotel to meet with Colleoni, at the older man’s invitation. Colleoni tells Pinkie that there is nothing Pinkie can do to hurt Colleoni’s business; he is too powerful. But, Colleoni suggests, Pinkie might come to work for him. The proud Pinkie is offended by such a notion, hoping to be rise to the ranks of Colleoni someday. Greene’s language suggests that Pinkie’s aspirations are nothing more than pipe dreams. The world belongs to men like Colleoni whose immense power allows them to purchase not only a wide array of expensive goods, but also property, influence, Dolorem et quae.

He watched her with his soured virginity, as one might watch a draught of medicine offered that one would never, never take; one would die first—or let others die. The chalky dust blew up round the windows.

Related Characters: Pinkie Brown (speaker), Rose
Page Number and Citation: 92
Explanation and Analysis:
Pinkie and Rose are on the bus toward Peacehaven, where Pinkie hopes continue his selfish wooing of Rose. The way he looks at her suggests that, contrary to what he would like to believe, he needs her. Her sex and essential goodness have the power to heal him, if he could see beyond his pride, his curdled celibacy, and his desire to save his own skin above all things. The dust blowing up around the windows is a reminder of Pinkie’s aloneness in the world, and it harkens back to Hale’s ashes falling from the crematorium towers. By refusing to Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam vol

Driven to her hole the small animal peered out at the bright and breezy world; in the hole were murder, copulation, extreme poverty, fidelity and the love and fear of God, but the small animal had not the knowledge to deny that only in the glare and open world outside was something which people called experience.

Related Characters: Rose (speaker), Ida “Lily” Arnold
Page Number and Citation: 131
Explanation and Analysis:
Ida has once again come to Snow’s to question Rose. Ida corners the young woman, following her up to her apartment above the café and forcing the door open. Ida tells Rose that Pinkie doesn’t love her and is only courting her to avoid being prosecuted for Hale’s murder, but Rose tells Ida she doesn’t care if Pinkie loves her. She loves him, and that is what matters. Ida does not comprehend the desolate nature of Rose’s background. Having grown up surrounded by nothing but ugliness and poverty, Rose sees a future with Pinkie not as a punishment but as Dolorem et q

She was good, he’d discovered that, and he was damned: they were made for each other.

Related Characters: Pinkie Brown (speaker), Ida “Lily” Arnold , Rose
Page Number and Citation: 135
Explanation and Analysis:
Pinkie walks in on Ida questioning Rose in her room. He is immediately impressed with Rose’s composure and bravery under pressure. While watching Rose avoid Ida’s well-laid traps, he has an epiphany: he and Rose are made for each other. She is completely good; he is evil. Together, they could make a whole. Perhaps he believes that Rose can be his redemption, saving him from damnation. This realization doesn’t mean that he loves Rose or has learned to measure her worth independent of his own wants, however. He still sees her as being useful to him. He is counting on Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non

It was said to be the worst act of all, the act of despair, the sin without

forgiveness; sitting there in the smell of petrol she tried to realize despair, the mortal sin, but she couldn’t; it didn’t feel like despair. He was going to damn himself, but she was going to show them that they couldn’t damn him without damning her too. There was nothing he could do, she wouldn’t do: she felt capable of sharing any murder. A light lit his face and left it; a frown, a thought, a child’s face. She felt responsibility move in her breasts; she wouldn’t let him go into that darkness alone.

Related Characters: Rose (speaker), Pinkie Brown
Page Number and Citation: 249
Explanation and Analysis:
Pinkie is driving to Peacehaven so that he and Rose might fulfill a suicide pact, the details of which they discussed previously when he confessed to her that there were men in the world who wanted him dead. His plan is to give Rose his gun so that she might shoot herself first. Then he will flee the scene. Rose is ignorant of the fact that Pinkie doesn’t plan to hold up his end of the bargain. She is drowning in romanticized ideas of sin and damnation, and thinks it would be beautiful to join Pinkie in his downward spiral. Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus.

While Pinkie found the money, she was visited by an almost overwhelming rebellion—she had only to go out, leave him, refuse to play. He couldn’t make her kill herself: life wasn’t as bad as that. It came like a revelation, as if someone had whispered to her that she was someone, a separate creature—not just one flesh with him. She could always escape—if he didn’t change his mind. Nothing was decided. They could go in the car wherever he wanted them to go; she could take the gun from his hand, and even then—at the last moment of all—she needn’t shoot. Nothing was decided—there was always hope.

Related Characters: Rose (speaker), Pinkie Brown
Explanation and Analysis:
While on the final drive to the cliff near Peacehaven, Rose regains her previous understanding of Catholicism and religion. She discards her fixation on damnation and grasps at hope, and it is this inner rebellion that suggests that Rose is beginning to separate herself from Pinkie. She realizes that she is not of his body; she has her own body and her own mind to save. She wants to save Pinkie as well, of course, but he is beyond help. He clings to despair, and it is only when Rose follows him into this darkness that the lovers are able Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Ap

An enormous emotion beat on him; it was like something trying to get in; the pressure of gigantic wings against the glass. Dona nobis pacem. He withstood it, with all the bitter force of the school bench, the cement playground, the St. Pancras waiting-room, Dallow’s and Judy’s secret lust, and the cold unhappy moment on the pier. If the glass broke, if the beast—whatever it was—got in, God knows what it would do. He had a sense of huge havoc—the confession, the penance and the sacrament—and awful distraction, and he drove blind into the rain.

Related Characters: Rose (speaker), Pinkie Brown
Explanation and Analysis:
Pinkie is overcome with feelings of guilt and dread as he drives Rose to the cliff to fulfill the suicide pact. The monster beating against the car windows is his own guilt, and he asks for God to grant him peace. He is instead visited by memories of his bitterly poor childhood, as well as visions of Judy and Dallow in sin. He recalls “the cold unhappy moment on the pier,” suggesting that perhaps he regrets making the angry recording, or perhaps simply that he regrets marrying Rose. The rain is not the only force that is blinding him in Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi neces

Part I, Chapter 3 Quotes

She came out of the crematorium, and there from the twin towers above her head fumed the very last of Fred, a thin stream of grey smoke from the ovens. People passing up the flowery suburban road looked up and noted the smoke; it had been a busy day at the furnaces. Fred dropped in indistinguishable grey ash on the pink blossoms: he became part of the smoke nuisance over London, and Ida wept.

Related Characters: Ida “Lily” Arnold (speaker), Charles “Fred” Hale
Related Symbols: Flowers and Dolls
Page Number and Citation: 35
Explanation and Analysis:
Ida has left Hale’s sparsely attended and impersonal funeral service and ruminates on the fact that the ash flowing from the towers of the crematorium is all that is left of Hale. It is also all that remains of his pride and ambition. In this scene, Ida, often called “Lily” by her fellow bar patrons, is represented by the pink blossoms. Her vitality—and her desire to get to the bottom of the circumstances surrounding Hale’s death—is in full bloom. Hale, on the other hand, is nothing more than stray ash. Ida weeps for Hale but also for humanity in general, Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolo

“Of course it’s true,” the Boy said. “What else could there be?” he went scornfully on. “Why,” he said, “it’s the only thing that fits. These atheists, they don’t know nothing. Of course there’s Hell. Flames and damnation,” he said with his eyes on the dark shifting water and the lightning and the lamps going out above the black struts of the Palace Pier, “torments.”

“And Heaven too,” Rose said with anxiety while the rain fell interminably

on.

“Oh, maybe,” the Boy said, “maybe.”

Related Characters: Pinkie Brown (speaker), Rose
Page Number and Citation: 53
Explanation and Analysis:
Pinkie and Rose discover early on in their courtship that they are both Catholics and, while they share a basic belief in God and Catholic doctrine, their different perceptions of God could not be more different. A violent killer, Pinkie believes in Hell, and sees God as a wrathful entity who doles out damnation as a punishment for sin. Rose, by contrast, is a kind and giving soul, and believes in Heaven and a God who has endless mercy for all sinners. It is Pinkie’s dark vision of God that allows him to kill indiscriminately and Rose’s gentler faith that Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Inc

He trailed the clouds of his own glory after him: hell lay about him in his infancy. He was ready for more deaths.

Related Characters: Pinkie Brown (speaker), Police Inspector
Page Number and Citation: 70
Explanation and Analysis:
Pinkie is on his way out of the Brighton police department after talking to the police inspector who wants Pinkie to quit the mob and get out of town. The inspector is hoping to avoid a turf war between Colleoni and Pinkie at the height of tourist season and the start of the horse races. His main wish is for peace. Pinkie, though, is insulted by the inspector’s suggestion that he should retire before he has fully begun to lead his gang, and he’s still simmering with resentment over his meeting with Colleoni. The pent-up anger just makes Pinkie, a Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dol

That was what happened to a man in the end: the stuffy room, the wakeful children, the Saturday night movements from the other bed. Was there no escape—anywhere—for anyone? It was worth murdering a world.

Related Characters: Pinkie Brown (speaker), Rose
Page Number and Citation: 97
Explanation and Analysis:
Still in Peacehaven, Pinkie feels his first twinge of sexual desire for Rose when he sees a flash of bare skin between her skirt and silk stocking, but he rejects his urges as though they will ruin his life and doom him to the same life his father lived—that of the put-upon family man charged with taking care of his children and trying, often unsuccessfully, to please his wife. Pinkie would rather kill and kill and kill again to avoid such drudgery. His warped understanding of Catholicism comes into play here. Pinkie sees Hell and damnation everywhere he looks. He Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam volupta

The shadow of her sixteen-year-old face shifted in the moonlight on the wall. “Right and wrong. That’s what she talks about. I’ve heard her at the table. Right and wrong. As if she knew.” She whispered with contempt, “Oh, she won't burn. She couldn’t burn if she tried.”

Related Characters: Rose (speaker), Pinkie Brown, Ida “Lily” Arnold
Page Number and Citation: 121
Explanation and Analysis:
Ida knows that Rose and Pinkie are involved and has taken to questioning the young waitress during her shifts at Snow’s. Rose despises Ida’s simplistic view of the world. Even at the tender age of sixteen, Rose believes she knows more of how the world works than Ida does. Rose is arguing that it takes belief in a higher power to understand what is at stake in a relationship like hers and Pinkie’s. They are well aware that committing certain crimes means burning in Hell for all eternity. Ida doesn’t worry about flames licking at her ankles in the afterlife; Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Acc

He stood back and watched Rose awkwardly sign—his temporal

safety in return for two immortalities of pain. He had no doubt whatever that this was mortal sin, and he was filled with a kind of gloomy hilarity and pride. He saw himself now as a full grown man for whom the angels wept.

Related Characters: Pinkie Brown (speaker), Rose
Page Number and Citation: 185
Explanation and Analysis:
Pinkie and Rose are now married and she is signing the marriage certificate. Watching Rose, Pinkie considers the mortal sins they are both committing. The first is entering into a false marriage. The ceremony took place not in a church but in a municipal building and was conducted by a civil servant rather than a priest. Also, the wedding night awaits. Pinkie knows that he will be called on to make love to Rose and to do so outside of the bonds of holy matrimony. He is doing all of this as a temporary fix, as a way to save Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscip

Again he grinned: only the devil, he thought, could have made her answer that. She was good, but he’d got her like you got God in the Eucharist—in the guts. God couldn’t escape the evil mouth which chose to eat its own damnation.

Related Characters: Pinkie Brown (speaker), Rose
Page Number and Citation: 194
Explanation and Analysis:
Pinkie and Rose, newly married, are strolling along the pier. Rose asks Pinkie to buy her a piece of Brighton rock, a hard candy for which the town is known. The candy store Pinkie goes to is, coincidentally, the scene of Hale’s murder, and Pinkie is struck again with something akin to sexual pleasure when he considers that his marriage to Rose has brought him to this place where, only a short time ago, violence erupted and a man lost his life. Pinkie believes in the devil almost as strongly as he believes in God, and he wouldn’t be surprised Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut oc

Freedom again in the early sun, freedom from the silent prayers at the altar, from the awful demands made on you at the sanctuary rail. She had joined the other side now forever. The half-crown was like a medal for services rendered. People coming back from seven-thirty Mass, people on the way to eight-thirty Matins—she watched them in their dark clothes like a spy. She didn’t envy them and she didn’t despise them: they had their salvation and she had Pinkie and damnation.

Related Characters: Rose (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 212
Explanation and Analysis:
On the day after her wedding, Rose takes a half crown from Pinkie’s soap dish and goes out walking in town. She had forgotten it was Sunday. She’s on her way to Snow’s for breakfast. Much to her surprise, the mortal sins she committed with Pinkie the previous day do not bother her a bit. Her love for Pinkie and their marriage have freed her from the constraints of and tedious devotions required by Catholicism. The young woman who believed so strongly in mercy and salvation has now taken up Pinkie’s vision of faith, which is based in damnation. The Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequ

“Oh, no they don’t. Look at me. I’ve never changed. It’s like those sticks of rock: bite it all the way down, you'll still read Brighton. That’s human nature.”

Related Characters: Ida “Lily” Arnold (speaker), Rose
Page Number and Citation: 216
Explanation and Analysis:
Ida is at Frank’s boarding house, confronting Rose about Hale’s death at the hands of Pinkie and his gang. Having posed as Rose’s mother in order to gain entry, Ida pulls no punches this time. She tells Rose that Pinkie is a murderer. Rose retorts that she has known that all along; she just doesn’t care. She tells Ida that people often change, and that repentance and confession often work wonders. Ida laughs at the notions of repentance and confession as religious nonsense, arguing that people’s natures are fixed. She offers herself and Brighton rock candy as proof. Ida is Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident exp