City of Glass

by Paul Auster

Literature and Interpretation Theme Analysis

Themes and Colors
Fiction and Fractured Identities Theme Icon
Detection vs. Paranoia Theme Icon
The Limitations of Language Theme Icon
Literature and Interpretation Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in City of Glass, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Literature and Interpretation Theme Icon
Literature and Interpretation Theme Icon

City of Glass is a novel that reflexively explores the value of literature and interpretation. This theme appears explicitly in the scene where Quinn visits Paul Auster, and the two discuss Auster’s current writing project: an essay on Don Quixote. Don Quixote (published in two parts in 1605 and 1615) is often called the first modern novel. Scholars and literary critics have commented on Don Quixote for hundreds of years, always managing to find something new in its pages. Auster’s essay is yet another interpretation of this famous world classic, which answers a fundamental question about the narration of the novel. Both Auster the character and Auster the author of City of Glass suggest that literary interpretation is valuable because it has the power to reveal some kind of underlying truth about human behavior while also providing important insight about the work in question.

However, even as the author Auster presents this message, he seemingly contradicts it—or at least complicates it—by writing a novel as resistant to interpretation as City of Glass. Deliberately, Auster leaves seeming clues all over the story, begging the reader to interpret them—while simultaneously suggesting that such interpretations are near impossible—as when Quinn attempts to uncover more about Stillman Sr. by tracing his walking patterns on a map, engaging with Stillman’s scholarship, and pondering the strange coincidences in his life, only to be driven mad. The unreliable narrator further complicates the story by promising the reader that everything he says is based on facts. Despite this promise, the narrator regularly references Quinn’s dreams, which he claims that Quinn himself never remembers. Such paradoxical statements call the narrator’s reliability into question and make an already dizzying story that much more impenetrable from an interpretative standpoint. Still, while the novel may resist traditional interpretation, it does not suggest that it is uninterpretable or that interpretation is an exercise in futility. Rather, the novel asks its readers to question traditional interpretative methods and embrace ambiguity as an essential aspect of the reading experience.

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Literature and Interpretation ThemeTracker

The ThemeTracker below shows where, and to what degree, the theme of Literature and Interpretation appears in each chapter of City of Glass. Click or tap on any chapter to read its Summary & Analysis.
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Literature and Interpretation Quotes in City of Glass

Below you will find the important quotes in City of Glass related to the theme of Literature and Interpretation.

Chapter 1 Quotes

It was a wrong number that started it, the telephone ringing three times in the dead of night, and the voice on the other end asking for someone he was not. Much later, when he was able to think about the things that happened to him, he would conclude that nothing was real except chance. But that was much later. In the beginning, there was simply the event and its consequences. Whether it might have turned out differently, or whether it was all predetermined with the first word that came from the stranger’s mouth, is not the question. The question is the story itself, and whether or not it means something is not for the story to tell.

Related Characters: Unnamed Narrator (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 7
Explanation and Analysis:

Quinn picked up the Marco Polo and started reading the first page again. “We will set down things seen as seen, things heard as heard, so that our book may be an accurate record, free from any sort of fabrication. And all who read this book or hear it may do so with full confidence, because it contains nothing but the truth.”

Related Characters: Daniel Quinn, Unnamed Narrator
Page Number and Citation: 12
Explanation and Analysis:

What he liked about these books was their sense of plenitude and economy. In the good mystery there is nothing wasted, no sentence, no word that is not significant. And even if it is not significant, it has the potential to be so—which amounts to the same thing. The world of the book comes to life, seething with possibilities, with secrets and contradictions. Since everything seen or said, even the slightest, most trivial thing, can bear a connection to the outcome of the story, nothing must be overlooked. Everything becomes essence; the center of the book shifts with each event that propels it forward. The center, then, is everywhere, and no circumference can be drawn until the book has come to its end.

Related Characters: Daniel Quinn, Peter Stillman Sr.
Page Number and Citation: 14-15
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 6 Quotes

In Paradise Lost, for example, each key word has two meanings—one before the fall and one after the fall. To illustrate his point, Stillman isolated several of those words—sinister, serpentine, delicious—and showed how their prelapsarian use was free of moral connotations, whereas their use after the fall was shaded, ambiguous, informed by a knowledge of evil. Adam’s one task in the Garden had been to invent language, to give each creature and thing its name. In that state of innocence, his tongue had gone straight to the quick of the world. His words had not been merely appended to the things he saw, they had revealed their essences, had literally brought them to life. A thing and its name were interchangeable. After the fall, this was no longer true. Names became detached from things; words devolved into a collection of arbitrary signs; language had been severed from God. The story of the Garden, therefore, records not only the fall of man, but the fall of language.

Related Characters: Peter Stillman Sr. , Daniel Quinn
Page Number and Citation: 70
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 7 Quotes

She was, however, reading a book, a paperback with a lurid cover, and Quinn leaned ever so slightly to his right to catch a glimpse of the title. Against all his expectations, it was a book he himself had written—Suicide Squeeze by William Wilson, the first of the Max Work novels. Quinn had often imagined this situation: the sudden, unexpected pleasure of encountering one of his readers. He had even imagined the conversation that would follow: he, suavely diffident as the stranger praised the book, and then, with great reluctance and modesty, agreeing to autograph the title page, “since you insist.” But now that the scene was taking place, he felt quite disappointed, even angry. He did not like the girl sitting next to him, and it offended him that she should be casually skimming the pages that had cost him so much effort. His impulse was to tear the book out of her hands and run across the station with it.

Related Characters: Daniel Quinn, Paul Auster , Peter Stillman Sr. , William Wilson , Max Work
Page Number and Citation: 85
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 8 Quotes

Quinn was struck by the way Stillman had skirted around the edge of the territory, not once venturing into the center. The diagram looked a little like a map of some imaginary state in the Midwest. Except for the eleven blocks up Broadway at the start, and the series of curlicues that represented Stillman’s meanderings in Riverside Park, the picture also resembled a rectangle. On the other hand, given the quadrant structure of New York streets, it might also have been a zero or the letter “O.”

Related Characters: Daniel Quinn, Peter Stillman Sr.
Related Symbols: The Red Notebook
Page Number and Citation: 107
Explanation and Analysis:

In his dream, which he later forgot, he found himself in the town dump of his childhood, sifting through a mountain of rubbish.

Related Characters: Unnamed Narrator (speaker), Daniel Quinn, Peter Stillman Sr.
Related Symbols: The Red Notebook
Page Number and Citation: 113
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 10 Quotes

“In my opinion, Don Quixote was conducting an experiment. He wanted to test the gullibility of his fellow men. Would it be possible, he wondered, to stand up before the world and with the utmost conviction spew out lies and nonsense? To say that windmills were knights, that a barber’s basin was a helmet, that puppets were real people? Would it be possible to persuade others to agree with what he said, even though they did not believe him? In other words, to what extent would people tolerate blasphemies if they gave them amusement? The answer is obvious, isn’t it? To any extent. For the proof is that we still read the book. It remains highly amusing to us. And that’s finally all anyone wants out of a book—to be amused.”

Related Characters: Paul Auster (speaker), Daniel Quinn
Page Number and Citation: 154-155
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 13 Quotes

As for Quinn, it is impossible for me to say where he is now. I have followed the red notebook as closely as I could, and any inaccuracies in the story should be blamed on me. There were moments when the text was difficult to decipher, but I have done my best with it and have refrained from any interpretation. The red notebook, of course, is only half the story, as any sensitive reader will understand. As for Auster, I am convinced that he behaved badly throughout. If our friendship has ended, he has only himself to blame. As for me, my thoughts remain with Quinn. He will be with me always. And wherever he may have disappeared to, I wish him luck.

Related Characters: Unnamed Narrator (speaker), Daniel Quinn, Paul Auster
Related Symbols: The Red Notebook
Page Number and Citation: 202-203
Explanation and Analysis: