Experience

by Ralph Waldo Emerson

Ralph Waldo Emerson Character Analysis

Emerson is the author of “Experience” as well as its narrator, since the essay is written in the first person. By the time he wrote “Experience,” Emerson was a well-known and well-respected intellectual and philosopher, and the de facto leader of the fledgling movement of Transcendentalism. Like Michel de Montaigne, one of his major literary and philosophical precursors, Emerson argues in “Experience” that all experience of the world and of other people is subjective. The essay form—which, unlike, say, a philosophical treatise, is always grounded in first-person experience—is the literary embodiment of this worldview. Emerson’s use of his own personal life experience to make his broader philosophical point is not only appropriate, but, according to his argument, necessary, for it would be impossible for Emerson to know anything beyond the sphere of his own subjective reality. Yet Emerson does claim to describe the “transcendental” features that characterize human experience generally. Above all, Emerson claims that no human ever makes true contact with reality and instead only skates on the surface, seeing reality from his or her own perspective and not as it is in itself. Individuals are ultimately alone in the world, trapped within their own versions of reality and only granted intermittent contact with things as they really are through the grace of the divine, which for Emerson seems to be a vaguely Christian, vaguely Hindu, vaguely pagan creative force in nature. This idea helps Emerson overcome his grief for his son Waldo, who passed away while Emerson was writing “Experience”; like an ancient Stoic, Emerson reasons that the loss did not really affect him.

Ralph Waldo Emerson Quotes in Experience

The Experience quotes below are all either spoken by Ralph Waldo Emerson or refer to Ralph Waldo Emerson. For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
The Individual and Subjective Experience  Theme Icon
).

Experience Quotes

The lords of life, the lords of life,—
I saw them pass,
In their own guise,
Like and unlike,
Portly and grim,
Use and Surprise,
Surface and Dream,
Succession swift, and spectral Wrong,
Temperament without a tongue,
And the inventor of the game
Omnipresent without name;—
Some to see, some to be guessed,
They marched from east to west:
Little man, least of all,
Among the legs of his guardians tall,
Walked about with puzzled look:—
Him by the hand dear nature took;
Dearest nature, strong and kind,
Whispered, “Darling, never mind!
To-morrow they will wear another face,
The founder thou! these are thy race!”

Related Characters: Ralph Waldo Emerson (speaker), Waldo Emerson
Page Number and Citation: 83
Explanation and Analysis:

There are moods in which we court suffering, in the hope that there, at least, we shall find reality, sharp peaks and edges of truth. But it turns out to be scene-painting and counterfeit. The only thing grief has taught me, is how shallow it is. […] Souls never touch their objects. An innavigable sea washes with silent waves between us and the things we aim at and converse with. Grief too will make us idealists. In the death of my son, now more than two years ago, I seem to have lost a beautiful estate,—no more. I cannot get it nearer to me. […] It does not touch me: some thing which I fancied was a part of me, which could not be torn away without tearing me, nor enlarged without enriching me, falls off from me, and leaves no scar. It was caducous. I grieve that grief can teach me nothing, nor carry me one step into real nature. […] Nothing is left us now but death.

Related Characters: Ralph Waldo Emerson (speaker), Waldo Emerson
Related Literary Devices:
Page Number and Citation: 85
Explanation and Analysis:

Nature does not like to be observed, and likes that we should be her fools and playmates. We may have the sphere for our cricket-ball, but not a berry for our philosophy. Direct strokes she never gave us power to make; all our blows glance, all our hits are accidents. Our relations to each other are oblique and casual.

Related Characters: Ralph Waldo Emerson (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 85
Explanation and Analysis:

Life is a train of moods like a string of beads, and, as we pass through them, they prove to be many-colored lenses which paint the world their own hue, and each shows only what lies in its focus....We animate what we can, and we see only what we animate. Nature and books belong to the eyes that see them.

Related Characters: Ralph Waldo Emerson (speaker)
Related Symbols: The String of Beads
Page Number and Citation: 85
Explanation and Analysis:

Into every intelligence there is a door which is never closed, through which the creator passes. The intellect, seeker of absolute truth, or the heart, lover of absolute good, intervenes for our succor, and at one whisper of these high powers, we awake from ineffectual struggles with this nightmare. We hurl it into its own hell, and cannot again contract ourselves to so base a state.

Related Characters: Ralph Waldo Emerson (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 87
Explanation and Analysis:

Do not craze yourself with thinking, but go about your business anywhere. Life is not intellectual or critical, but sturdy. […] To fill the hour,—that is happiness; to fill the hour, and leave no crevice for a repentance or approval.

Related Characters: Ralph Waldo Emerson (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 89-90
Explanation and Analysis:

If we will take the good we find, asking no questions, we shall have heaping measures. The great gifts are not got by analysis. Everything good is on the highway. The middle region of our being is the temperate zone. We may climb into the thin and cold realm of pure geometry and lifeless science, or sink into that sensation. Between these extremes is the equator of life, of thought, of spirit, of poetry,—a narrow belt.

Related Characters: Ralph Waldo Emerson (speaker)
Related Literary Devices:
Page Number and Citation: 91
Explanation and Analysis:

Power keeps quite another road than the turnpikes of choice and will, namely, the subterranean and invisible tunnels and channels and life. It is ridiculous that we are diplomatists, and doctors, and considerate people: there are no dupes like these. Life is a series of surprises, and would not be worth taking or keeping, if it were not. God delights to isolate us every day, and hide from us the past and the future. […] All good conversation, manners, and action, come from a spontaneity which forgets usages, and makes the moment great Nature hates calculators; her methods are saltatory and impulsive. Man lives by pulses; our organic movements are such; and the chemical and ethereal agents are undulatory and alternate; and the mind goes antagonizing on, and never prospers but by fits. We thrive by casualties.

Related Characters: Ralph Waldo Emerson (speaker)
Related Symbols: The String of Beads
Page Number and Citation: 93
Explanation and Analysis:

It is very unhappy, but too late to be helped, the discovery we have made, that we exist. That discovery is called the Fall of Man. Ever afterwards, we suspect our instruments. We have learned that we do not see directly, but mediately, and that we have no means of correcting these colored and distorting lenses which we are, or of computing the amount of their errors. Perhaps these subject-lenses have a creative power; perhaps there are no objects. Once we lived what we saw; now, the rapaciousness of this new power, which threatens to absorb all things, engages us. Nature, art, persons, letters, religions,—subjects, successively tumble in, and God is but one of them. Nature and literature are subjective phenomena; every evil and every good thing is a shadow which we cast.

Related Characters: Ralph Waldo Emerson (speaker)
Related Symbols: The String of Beads
Related Literary Devices:
Page Number and Citation: 96
Explanation and Analysis:

Life will be imaged, but cannot be divided or doubled. Any invasion of its unity would be chaos. The soul is not twin-born, but the only begotten, and though revealing itself as child in time, child in appearance, is of a fatal and universal power, admitting no co-life. Every day, every act betrays the ill-concealed deity. We believe in ourselves, as we do not believe in others. We permit all things to ourselves, and that which we call sin in others, is experiment for us. It is an instance of our faith in ourselves, that men never speak of crime as lightly as they think: […] The act looks very differently on the inside, and on the outside.

Related Characters: Ralph Waldo Emerson (speaker)
Related Literary Devices:
Page Number and Citation: 97
Explanation and Analysis:
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Ralph Waldo Emerson Character Timeline in Experience

The timeline below shows where the character Ralph Waldo Emerson appears in Experience. The colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance.
Experience
The Individual and Subjective Experience  Theme Icon
Creativity and Genius Theme Icon
The essay proper begins with a question: “Where do we find ourselves?” Emerson immediately answers this dramatic query by telling the reader that “we” are in a “series,”... (full context)
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...invest” in the world. “Ah that our Genius were a little more  of a genius!” Emerson laments. He compares people to millers whose mills are stationed low down on a river,... (full context)
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Human beings, Emerson claims, have difficulty understanding the relationship of their daily experience to the sum total of... (full context)
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Stoicism, Skepticism, and Hope Theme Icon
...people seek real experience, the “sharp peaks and edges of truth,” in suffering and grief. Emerson, who lost his son Waldo in 1842, speaks from personal experience when he claims that,... (full context)
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The result is that losing a son was, for Emerson, not altogether different than losing a beautiful estate or learning that people who owed him... (full context)
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...his or her “individual texture,” and the same is true for oneself. The “optical illusion,” Emerson suggests, affects all parties, not just the observer: even if a person resolves to act... (full context)
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But in reality, Emerson suggests, the true value of social interaction lies in the very unpredictability of the person... (full context)
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Emerson explains that the “secret” of the illusory nature of reality is the fact that the... (full context)
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In general, Emerson writes, humans can only get so far through intellect and reason. In the end, “life... (full context)
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Expressing contempt for the urbane “fine young people” who “despise life,” Emerson declares that he values the present, and “the potluck of the day.” He is thankful... (full context)
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Emerson generalizes his claim about the value of the middle zone between extremes to the realm... (full context)
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...“mid-world is best.” Saint is not essentially different from sinner, foreigner no different than native. Emerson also argues that the transience of all things in life means that people should be... (full context)
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...chance not by intention. This is why the most admirable kind of people, according to Emerson, are those whose genius is not the intentional result of effort or calculation. (full context)
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...just the creative spark and not the full “miracle of life,” which occurs in growth. Emerson compares the growth of the soul to the development of the human embryo, occurring along... (full context)
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Emerson now corrects his definition of life as a “flux of moods” by adding the constant... (full context)
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All of these metaphors for Being, according to Emerson, get at one’s sense that human life is only the hint of something greater. What... (full context)
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Emerson now takes a step back and considers the nature of the thought that he has... (full context)
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What Emerson is describing is a kind of relativism, in which there is no such thing as... (full context)
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...under belief that it is the only true soul. This is one of the reasons, Emerson suggests, that people are able to tolerate in themselves the moral flaws and crimes that... (full context)
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...the soul, is not fundamentally different than the experience of normal people or even animals. Emerson uses the example of a cat playing with its tail (an example famously employed in... (full context)
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Emerson acknowledges that certain people will not appreciate his insistence on “our constitutional necessity of seeing... (full context)
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Emerson explains that all of the elements he has been discussing—reality as a kind of illusion,... (full context)
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Some people say that doing is better than knowing. But if Emerson is able truly to know what he has described in “Experience,” he will be satisfied.... (full context)