Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom

by August Wilson

Sturdyvant Character Analysis

Sturdyvant is a white executive in the music industry. Although it’s never explicitly stated in the play, he seems to own the recording label that puts out Ma Rainey’s music. Despite the fact that he makes his money by selling Black artists’ music, though, he’s quite racist when it comes to interacting with Ma. He tells his associate, Irvin, to keep Ma “in line” during the recording session, condescendingly acting like Ma is an erratic, untrustworthy person. When he tries to lord his power as a white man over Ma, though, she challenges him by threatening to withhold her music. Because Sturdyvant knows he’ll suffer financially if Ma doesn’t let him record her, he acquiesces to her demands. But he’s still quite exploitative of Black musicians, as is evident when he tells Levee that he’ll record his songs but then revokes this offer once Levee gives him the music. Instead of allowing Levee to play his own music, Sturdyvant offers to buy the rights for the songs without actually recording them, meaning that he Sturdyvant can reap 100 percent of the profits if he ever decides to put these songs on an album. These exploitative practices were quite common in the music industry at the time, and they deeply dishearten Levee. Sturdyvant thus plays an integral role in Levee’s violent breakdown at the end of the play.

Sturdyvant Quotes in Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom

The Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom quotes below are all either spoken by Sturdyvant or refer to Sturdyvant. For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
Power and Exploitation Theme Icon
).

Act 1 Quotes

STURDYVANT: I don’t care what she calls herself. I’m not putting up with it. I just want to get her in here...record those songs on that list...and get her out. Just like clockwork, huh?

IRVIN: Like clockwork, Mel. You just stay out of the way and let me handle it.

STURDYVANT: Yeah...yeah...you handled it last time. Remember? She marches in here like she owns the damn place...doesn’t like the songs we picked out...says her throat is sore…doesn’t want to do more than one take...

Related Characters: Irvin (speaker), Sturdyvant (speaker), Ma Rainey
Page Number and Citation: 18
Explanation and Analysis:

STURDYVANT: Irv, that horn player...the one who gave me those songs...is he gonna be here today? Good. I want to hear more of that sound. Times are changing. This is a tricky business now. We’ve got to jazz it up...put in something different. You know, something wild...with a lot of rhythm.

(Pause.)

You know what we put out last time, Irv? We put out garbage last time. It was garbage. I don’t even know why I bother with this anymore.

IRVIN: You did all right last time, Mel. Not as good as you did before, but you did all right.

STURDYVANT: You know how many records we sold in New York? You wanna see the sheet? And you know what’s in New York, Irv? Harlem. Harlem’s in New York, Irv.

Related Characters: Irvin (speaker), Sturdyvant (speaker), Levee, Ma Rainey
Page Number and Citation: 19
Explanation and Analysis:

LEVEE: See, I told you! It don’t mean nothing when I say it. You got to wait for Mr. Irvin to say it. Well, I told you the way it is.

CUTLER: Levee, the sooner you understand it ain’t what you say, or what Mr. Irvin say...it’s what Ma say that counts.

SLOW DRAG: Don’t nobody say when it come to Ma. She’s gonna do what she wants to do. Ma says what happens with her.

LEVEE: Hell, the man’s the one putting out the record! He’s gonna put out what he wanna put out!

SLOW DRAG: He’s gonna put out what Ma want him to put out

Related Characters: Levee (speaker), Cutler (speaker), Slow Drag (speaker), Irvin, Ma Rainey, Sturdyvant
Related Symbols: The Song (“Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom”)
Page Number and Citation: 36
Explanation and Analysis:

TOLEDO: It ain’t just me, fool! It’s everybody! What you think…I’m gonna solve the colored man’s problems by myself. I said, we. You understand that? We. That’s every living colored man in the world got to do his share. Got to do his part. I ain’t talking about what I’m gonna do...or what you or Cutler or Slow Drag or anybody else. I’m talking about all of us together. What all of us is gonna do.

Related Characters: Toledo (speaker), Cutler, Slow Drag, Levee, Sturdyvant
Page Number and Citation: 42
Explanation and Analysis:

The white man knows you just a leftover. ‘Cause he the one who done the eating and he know what he done ate. But we don’t know that we been took and made history out of. Done went and filled the white man’s belly and now he’s full and tired and wants you to get out the way and let him be by himself. Now, I know what I’m talking about. And if you wanna find out, you just ask Mr. Irvin what he had for supper yesterday. And if he’s an honest white man...which is asking for a whole heap of a lot...he’ll tell you he done ate your black ass and if you please I’m full up with you...so go on and get off the plate and let me eat something else.

Related Characters: Toledo (speaker), Ma Rainey, Levee, Sturdyvant, Irvin
Page Number and Citation: 57
Explanation and Analysis:

MA RAINEY: I’m gonna tell you something, Irvin...and you go on up there and tell Sturdyvant. What you all say don’t count with me. You understand? Ma listens to her heart. Ma listens to the voice inside her. That’s what counts with Ma. Now, you carry my nephew on down there...tell Cutler he’s gonna do the voice intro on that “Black Bottom” song and that Levee ain’t messing up my song with none of his music shit. Now, if that don’t set right with you and Sturdyvant...then I can carry my black bottom on back down South to my tour, ‘cause I don’t like it up here no ways.

Related Characters: Ma Rainey (speaker), Irvin, Sturdyvant, Levee, Cutler
Related Symbols: The Song (“Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom”)
Page Number and Citation: 63
Explanation and Analysis:

CUTLER: You talking out your hat. The man come in here, call you a boy, tell you to get up off your ass and rehearse, and you ain’t had nothing to say to him, except “Yessir!”

LEVEE: I can say “yessir” to whoever I please. What you got to do with it? I know how to handle white folks. I been handling them for thirty-two years, and now you gonna tell me how to do it. Just ‘cause I say “yessir” don’t mean I’m spooked up with him. I know what I’m doing. Let me handle him my way.

Related Characters: Cutler (speaker), Levee (speaker), Sturdyvant
Page Number and Citation: 67
Explanation and Analysis:

My daddy wasn’t spooked up by the white man. Nosir! And that taught me how to handle them. I seen my daddy go up and grin in this cracker’s face...smile in his face and sell him his land. All the while he’s planning how he’s gonna get him and what he’s gonna do to him. That taught me how to handle them. So you all just back up and leave Levee alone about the white man. I can smile and say yessir to whoever I please. I got time coming to me. You all just leave Levee alone about the white man.

Related Characters: Levee (speaker), Sturdyvant
Page Number and Citation: 67
Explanation and Analysis:

Act 2 Quotes

MA RAINEY: They don’t care nothing about me. All they want is my voice. Well, I done learned that, and they gonna treat me like I want to be treated no matter how much it hurt them. They back there now calling me all kinds of names…calling me everything but a child of god. But they can’t do nothing else. They ain’t got what they wanted yet. As soon as they get my voice down on them recording machines, then it’s just like if I’d be some whore and they roll over and put their pants on. Ain’t got no use for me then.

Related Characters: Ma Rainey (speaker), Cutler, Irvin, Sturdyvant, Slow Drag, Sylvester
Page Number and Citation: 79
Explanation and Analysis:

MA RAINEY: If you colored and can make them some money, then you all right with them. Otherwise, you just a dog in the alley. I done made this company more money from my records than all the other recording artists they got put together. And they wanna balk about how much this session is costing them.

Related Characters: Ma Rainey (speaker), Sturdyvant, Cutler, Irvin
Page Number and Citation: 79
Explanation and Analysis:

MA RAINEY: White folks don’t understand about the blues. They hear it come out, but they don’t know how it got there. They don’t understand that’s life’s way of talking. You don’t sing to feel better. You sing ‘cause that’s a way of understanding life.

Related Characters: Ma Rainey (speaker), Sturdyvant, Cutler
Page Number and Citation: 82
Explanation and Analysis:

CUTLER: I done told you about that blasphemy. Taking about selling your soul to the devil.

TOLEDO: We done the same thing, Cutler. There ain’t no difference. We done sold Africa for the price of tomatoes. We done sold ourselves to the white man in order to be like him. Look at the way you dressed...That ain’t African. That’s the white man. We trying to be just like him. We done sold who we are in order to become someone else. We’s imitation white men.

Related Characters: Cutler (speaker), Toledo (speaker), Levee, Sturdyvant
Page Number and Citation: 94
Explanation and Analysis:

LEVEE: It don’t matter what you talking about. I ain’t no imitation white man. And I don’t want to be no white man. As soon as I get my band together and make them records like Mr. Sturdyvant done told me I can make, I’m gonna be like Ma and tell the white man just what he can do. Ma tell Mr. Irvin she gonna leave...and Mr. Irvin get down on his knees and beg her to stay! That’s the way I’m gonna be! Make the white man respect me!

CUTLER: The white man don’t care nothing about Ma. The colored folks made Ma a star. White folks don’t care nothing about who she is...what kind of music she make.

Related Characters: Cutler (speaker), Levee (speaker), Irvin, Ma Rainey, Sturdyvant
Page Number and Citation: 94
Explanation and Analysis:

STURDYVANT: Hey, Ma…come on, sign the forms, huh?

IRVIN: Ma...come on now.

MA RAINEY: Get your coat, Sylvester. Irvin, where’s my car?

IRVIN: It’s right out front, Ma. Here...I got the keys right here. Come on, sign the forms, huh?

MA RAINEY: Irvin, give me my car keys!

IRVIN: Sure, Ma...just sign the forms, huh? (He gives her the keys, expecting a trade-off.)

MA RAINEY: Send them to my address and I’ll get around to them.

IRVIN: Come on, Ma...I took care of everything, right? I straightened everything out.

MA RAINEY: Give me the pen, Irvin.

(She signs the forms.)

You tell Sturdyvant…one more mistake like that and I can make my records someplace else.

Related Characters: Sturdyvant (speaker), Irvin (speaker), Ma Rainey (speaker), Sylvester
Page Number and Citation: 105
Explanation and Analysis:

STURDYVANT: Well, Levee, I don’t doubt that really. It’s just that...well, I don’t think they’d sell like Ma’s records. But I’ll take them off your hands for you.

LEVEE: The people’s tired of jug-band music, Mr. Sturdyvant. They wants something that’s gonna excite them! They wants something with some fire! I don’t know what fellows you had playing them songs...but if I could play them! I’d set them down in the people’s lap! Now you told me I could record them songs!

STURDYANT: Well, there’s nothing I can do about that. Like I say, it’s five dollars a piece. That’s what I’ll give you. I’m doing you a favor. Now, if you write any more, I’ll help you out and take them off your hands. The price is five dollars apiece. Just like now.

Related Characters: Levee (speaker), Sturdyvant (speaker), Irvin, Ma Rainey
Page Number and Citation: 108
Explanation and Analysis:
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Sturdyvant Character Timeline in Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom

The timeline below shows where the character Sturdyvant appears in Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom. The colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance.
Act 1
Power and Exploitation Theme Icon
Race and Identity Theme Icon
Ma Rainey’s manager, Irvin, sets up a microphone in a recording studio. Meanwhile, Sturdyvant—the owner of the studio—talks to him from the control room, instructing him to keep Ma... (full context)
Race and Identity Theme Icon
History, Tradition, and Change Theme Icon
Sturdyvant talks about Ma’s trumpet player, who he thinks has a fresh new sound—a sellable sound.... (full context)
Power and Exploitation Theme Icon
Collaboration vs. Independence Theme Icon
...than an expendable trumpet player. He has real talent, he tells Cutler. He even gave Sturdyvant some of his songs, and Sturdyvant agreed to record them once Levee rounds up a... (full context)
Power and Exploitation Theme Icon
Collaboration vs. Independence Theme Icon
History, Tradition, and Change Theme Icon
...rehearsing, but Levee doesn’t want to. He’d rather finish the song he’s working on for Sturdyvant. Cutler tells him this is unacceptable—he’s in the band, so he has to rehearse just... (full context)
Power and Exploitation Theme Icon
Race and Identity Theme Icon
Collaboration vs. Independence Theme Icon
...different song. But Irvin interrupts to ask about Ma, clearly nervous because of the pressure Sturdyvant is putting on him. Before he goes upstairs, Cutler asks which version of “Ma Rainey’s... (full context)
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Race and Identity Theme Icon
Collaboration vs. Independence Theme Icon
Levee doesn’t understand why Ma will have the last word. After all, Sturdyvant is the one putting out the record, so surely his opinion matters most. Slow Drag... (full context)
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Race and Identity Theme Icon
Collaboration vs. Independence Theme Icon
Toledo dislikes the way Levee deferred to Irvin and Sturdyvant. He argues that the Black man will never “find out who he is and what... (full context)
Power and Exploitation Theme Icon
Race and Identity Theme Icon
...tell the band that sandwiches have arrived upstairs in the studio. He then talks to Sturdyvant, who’s upset that Ma hasn’t come yet and reminds Irvin that he’s supposed to be... (full context)
Power and Exploitation Theme Icon
Race and Identity Theme Icon
Irvin doesn’t let the matter go. He and Sturdyvant decided that it would be best to go with Levee’s version, since that’s what will... (full context)
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Race and Identity Theme Icon
Sturdyvant comes downstairs and says he’s glad to see that the “boys” are rehearsing. “Yessir!” says... (full context)
Power and Exploitation Theme Icon
Race and Identity Theme Icon
...out at white people if necessary, but the band doubts this—after all, Cutler points out, Sturdyvant called him a “boy,” and Levee did nothing but try to please him. According to... (full context)
Act 2
Power and Exploitation Theme Icon
Race and Identity Theme Icon
Collaboration vs. Independence Theme Icon
...isn’t time to wait for him to get it right, but Ma disregards this. If Sturdyvant and Irvin want to make a record, they’ll simply have to make the time to... (full context)
Power and Exploitation Theme Icon
Race and Identity Theme Icon
...intro. Ma tells him not to worry and that he should take his time. Meanwhile, Sturdyvant comes on over the speaker system and tells Ma not to wait so long before... (full context)
Power and Exploitation Theme Icon
Race and Identity Theme Icon
...to do or how to sing, but she won’t take it. People like Irvin and Sturdyvant want to take her voice and profit off it, but they can’t do that until... (full context)
Power and Exploitation Theme Icon
...her that he’s going to have his own band soon. This impresses her, especially since Sturdyvant is going to record Levee’s music. Still, she tells him that she’s only interested in... (full context)
Power and Exploitation Theme Icon
Collaboration vs. Independence Theme Icon
...able to play through the entire number. Everyone celebrates when the song is over, but Sturdyvant breaks the news that something went wrong—Sylvester’s microphone wasn’t working because it got unplugged. As... (full context)
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Race and Identity Theme Icon
Irvin rushes after Ma, pleading with her to stay as Sturdyvant yells that her career will be ruined if she leaves. Hissing at Sturdyvant to be... (full context)
Power and Exploitation Theme Icon
Race and Identity Theme Icon
Although Levee thinks Ma has a certain authority over white men like Irvin and Sturdyvant, Cutler notes that this isn’t real power. After all, she can’t even hail a taxi... (full context)
Power and Exploitation Theme Icon
Race and Identity Theme Icon
...approaches Ma and tells her that, though he tried to talk him out of it, Sturdyvant insists that he can only pay Sylvester $25, and that this will be taken from... (full context)
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Meanwhile, Sturdyvant talks to Ma in the studio, claiming there was a “mistake” and that everything is... (full context)
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After Ma leaves, Sturdyvant comes downstairs and pays each of the band members $25. Before he leaves, Levee stops... (full context)
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Race and Identity Theme Icon
Sturdyvant says he had some of his own musicians play Levee’s songs, which is when he... (full context)
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History, Tradition, and Change Theme Icon
After Sturdyvant leaves, Levee takes the money from his pocket and throws it on the floor. The... (full context)