The Marriage Portrait
by Maggie O'Farrell
Themes and Colors
Art, Voyeurism, and Control Theme Icon
Duality and Identity Theme Icon
Gender Roles, Male Violence, and Female Solidarity Theme Icon
Primal Freedom vs. Civilized Imprisonment Theme Icon
Destiny vs. Chance Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in The Marriage Portrait, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Destiny vs. Chance Theme Icon
Destiny vs. Chance Theme Icon

Though the characters frequently grapple with the idea that destinies are predetermined and immutable, the novel seeks to disprove this by underscoring the impact of random chance. Reflecting on her own distracted state of mind during the intercourse that led to Lucrezia’s conception, Eleonora blames herself for her fifth child’s restless and wild nature. Here, Eleonora believes that her preoccupation with maps and adventure has doomed Lucrezia, ruining her chances for a successful life. Maria’s untimely death, on the other hand, is seemingly random, but it completely changes the course of Lucrezia’s life, as she is forced to marry Alfonso in Maria’s stead. Throughout her marriage, Lucrezia imagines an alternative world in which Maria is still alive and married to the Duke instead of her, wondering whether her sister would have been a more suitable duchess. Lucrezia internally oscillates between perceiving Maria’s death as a fated occurrence and resenting the unfortunate chance event that resulted in her unhappy marriage.

By comparing Lucrezia with her maid, Emilia, the novel takes a more definitive stance on the matter by emphasizing how random chance often comes to define a person’s life. Though the two young women are incredibly similar, even nursing from the same woman’s breast, Emilia is born into servitude and Lucrezia into nobility. Both girls are present when a pot of boiling water topples over, but it is Emilia who is permanently disfigured. Emilia herself says to Lucrezia, “Better that it was me and not you,” seeming to imply that this accident was predetermined, as Lucrezia is supposedly destined for greater things than Emilia herself. Lucrezia rejects this idea, replying, “Better that it had been neither of us.” At the novel’s end, Alfonso mistakenly murders Emilia, believing her to be the duchess. While this is pure bad luck, Emilia’s death allows Lucrezia to live the rest of her life in peace, since Alfonso believes she is dead. In this accidental occurrence, Emilia’s coincidental misfortune becomes Lucrezia’s fortuitous miracle. The novel’s final image of Lucrezia portrays her as “someone who cannot quite believe her good fortune,” implying an awareness of the role luck played in her survival. Ultimately, the novel abandons ideas of destiny and aligns the concept of chance with individual choice. Even knowing her death is still the likeliest outcome, Lucrezia chooses to take her chances and flee, actively participating in determining her own fate. In the end, then, the novel suggests that, in a world ruled by chance and uncertainty, the only thing humans can control is themselves.

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Destiny vs. Chance Quotes in The Marriage Portrait

Below you will find the important quotes in The Marriage Portrait related to the theme of Destiny vs. Chance.

Chapter 2: The Unfortunate Circumstances of Lucrezia’s Conception Quotes

Eleonora’s mind, as she sets down her stylus, raises herself from her desk and walks through the archway towards her daughter, fixes once more on Lucrezia’s conception, the way her eyes had passed over the maps of ancient lands, had been focused on strange and wild seas, filled with dragons and monsters, beset by winds that might blow a ship far off course. What a mistake for her to make! How she has been haunted by it, punished for it!

Related Characters: Maria, Alfonso, Eleonora, Lucrezia
Page Number and Citation: 13
Explanation and Analysis:

On the eve of her wedding to Alfonso, 15-year-old Lucrezia barges into her mother’s chambers and declares that she will not wear the dress meant for Maria. Since her youngest daughter’s birth, Eleonora has marked her as her most troublesome child, and she blames herself for Lucrezia’s incurably defiant nature. During Lucrezia’s conception, Eleonora was preoccupied by “maps of ancient lands” that hung around the map room where Cosimo made love to her, and she believes this distraction is the reason Lucrezia is more willful and wilder than her other children. The fantastical images on the maps—“strange and wild seas, filled with dragons and monsters”—recall paintings Lucrezia herself create in later chapters, which speak to her love of unusual and imaginative subjects. Though this does not prove Eleonora’s theory, in her mind, the circumstances of Lucrezia’s conception are a “mistake” which doomed her to be born unsuited for life as a submissive wife. By subscribing to the idea that destiny is unalterable, Eleonora dismisses her daughter as a known problem (for which she has been “haunted” and “punished”) and fails to see her for who she really is. At the end of this scene, Lucrezia watches her mother approach with the hope that Eleonora will save her from her impending marriage. Seeing how Eleonora thinks of her daughter in this quote, it is unsurprising that she fails to stand up for Lucrezia, as she views her as a personal blunder rather than a person.

Chapter 3: The First Tiger in Tuscany Quotes

The tigress swung her vivid, complex face around, as if to examine the person behind such a caress, as if to ascertain its meaning. To look into her eyes was to behold the visage of an incandescent, forbidden deity.

Lucrezia and the tigress regarded each other, for a stretched moment, the child’s hand on the beast’s back, and time stopped for Lucrezia, the turning world stilled. Her life, her. name, her family and all that surrounded her receded and became void. She was aware only of her own heart, and that of the tigress, pulsing inside the ribs, drawing in scarlet blood and shooting it out again, flooding their veins.

Related Characters: Lucrezia
Related Symbols: Tiger
Page Number and Citation: 37
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 7: Everything Changes Quotes

[…] her very body felt unfamiliar to her, as if it wasn’t hers, as if these arms and legs and head belonged to another, as if she could no longer tell it how to sit in a chair, to raise a spoon to the lips, to breathe in and out. Dread began to cover her, like moss on a stone. There was a sense that something or someone had crept up unseen and now stood at her back. She sat there in front of her empty plate, with a growing horror of what was behind her. […] It was, she knew, without looking around, her death. If this marriage went ahead, she would die, she suddenly saw, perhaps now, perhaps later, but soon. She would never get away from this spectre, this ghost of her own demise.

Related Characters: Maria, Lucrezia, The Late Duke of Ferrara, Vitelli, Cosimo, Alfonso
Page Number and Citation: 63
Explanation and Analysis:

She looked at the delicate, scaled feet, which would never again cling to the twig of a tree or the stone lintel of a window; she looked at the folded, layered wings, which would not be outstretched, catching the upwards motion of a breeze, would not carry the bird over roofs and streets. She looked at her painting, saw where it had failed to capture the exact line of the beak, the lustrous green of the soft throat.

Sofia’s “no” tolled through her head. No, she had said, definite and sure. She had looked at Vitelli and said: No.

Related Characters: Sofia (speaker), Lucrezia, Alfonso, Vitelli
Related Symbols: The Portrait
Page Number and Citation: 70-71
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 11: The Duchess Lucrezia on Her Wedding Day Quotes

“No.” Eleonora’s jewels tinkle as she shakes her head. “I saw him but I pretended not to. I knew he was there. I knew he admired me. I knew, in that moment, how things would be.”

Related Characters: Eleonora (speaker), Lucrezia, Cosimo, Alfonso
Page Number and Citation: 104
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 15: Honey Water Quotes

“A boiling pot fell. It missed you by this much.” Emilia holds up a hand, finger and thumb indicating a tiny space between them. “You screamed when it happened, as if you had been the one hurt, and you hugged me very tightly. I’ve never forgotten that.”

“Emilia, how terrible. I—”

Emilia gives a sad smile. “Better that it was me and not you.”

“Better that it had been neither of us.”

“But if it had to be one of us, it was better that it was me who was disfigured.”

Related Characters: Emilia (speaker), Lucrezia (speaker), Emilia’s Mother
Page Number and Citation: 179
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 18: The Marriage Portrait of Lucrezia, Duchess of Ferrara Quotes

She is aware, to an almost unbearable degree, of the different gazes in this room, and the way they stream towards her, like the sticky, silken threads of a spider’s web. That of her husband, somewhere to the left of her, standing just behind her; that of the artist, no doubt comparing her appearance today, haggard and ill, with that of the woman he rendered into paint only a few weeks ago […] and that of Jacopo. His is unlike any of the others. It is a beam of comprehension, from his eyes to her. It draws up awareness and knowledge as a thirsty plant will water. Does he see that she will die?

Related Characters: Lucrezia, Il Bastianino, Alfonso, Jacopo, Maurizio, Baldassare
Related Symbols: The Portrait
Page Number and Citation: 287-288
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 20: The Underpainting and the Overpainting Quotes

It seems to her that there is another Lucrezia is in the room, one who cowers still in the bed, plaintively asking her what on earth she is doing, imploring her to stay here, where she is safe and warm.

Related Characters: Emilia, Lucrezia
Page Number and Citation: 322
Explanation and Analysis:

Her choice, as she sees it, standing there clinging to the outer wall of the fortezza, is death by poisoning, by stealth, death in her chamber, perhaps with a fever, with spasms of pain, unbearable and unsupportable, vomiting into a basin. Or a death out here, somewhere in the woods or out on the road, in the open countryside, with Alfonso bearing down on her on horseback, perhaps wielding his sword. She will turn and face him, she will look him in the eye, daring him to do it, defying his mastery of her. This is what she will do, if it comes to it. She will.

Related Characters: Lucrezia, Alfonso
Page Number and Citation: 327-328
Explanation and Analysis:

Always, in these miniature underpaintings, there is the face of one particular woman, in a crowd, perhaps, or as a dryad in the background. There she will be, often looking out sideways, addressing the viewer with an enigmatic, unfathomable gaze, always with the air of someone who cannot quite believe her good fortune, to be a nymph, swimming in a warm sea, or a peasant with a basket of peaches.

Related Characters: Lucrezia
Page Number and Citation: 332
Explanation and Analysis: