The Vendor of Sweets
by R. K. Narayan
Themes and Colors
Communication vs. Fear Theme Icon
Generational Difference Theme Icon
Commerce, Taste, and the Good Life Theme Icon
Religion Theme Icon
India vs. the U.K. and the U.S. Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in The Vendor of Sweets, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Generational Difference Theme Icon
Generational Difference Theme Icon

The Vendor of Sweets represents generational difference as an unavoidable result of historical change. The novel’s protagonist, Jagan, is an Indian man who participated in the nonviolent political campaign led by Mohandas Gandhi (1869–1948) to end British colonial rule in India. Jagan’s participation in this campaign shaped his life. Colonial police beat and jailed him for replacing a Union Jack with the Indian flag; while in jail, he was assigned to kitchen detail, and so after his release and Indian independence, he opened a sweets shop using what he had learned during his incarceration. In the present, then, he defines himself as proudly Indian and values many of the qualities and activities he learned from Gandhi. In contrast with Jagan, Jagan’s son Mali does not share Jagan’s values of social service, Indian national pride, or adequate, honest work in a respectable trade. The novel implies that Mali’s differences are in large part due to his age: he is too young to remember colonial India or to have internalized the values of the Indian independence struggle. Instead of being shaped by national pride, then, Mali is shaped by post-World War II global capitalism: he dreams of founding a factory in India, with backing from U.S. investors, that makes story-writing machines to mechanize individual creativity and increase India’s cultural output in quantitative terms with less overall work. Because the novel implies that Jagan and his son Mali are each shaped by their different historical moments, it also implies that generational difference—as well as the generational conflict in inspires—is due to global historical changes beyond any person’s or family’s control.

Related Themes from Other Texts
Compare and contrast themes from other texts to this theme…

Generational Difference ThemeTracker

The ThemeTracker below shows where, and to what degree, the theme of Generational Difference appears in each chapter of The Vendor of Sweets. Click or tap on any chapter to read its Summary & Analysis.
How often theme appears:
chapter length:
Get the entire The Vendor of Sweets LitChart as a printable PDF.
"My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." -Graham S.
The Vendor of Sweets PDF

Generational Difference Quotes in The Vendor of Sweets

Below you will find the important quotes in The Vendor of Sweets related to the theme of Generational Difference.

Chapter 2 Quotes

Everything in this house had the sanctity of usage, which was the reason why no improvement was possible.

Related Characters: Jagan, Mali
Page Number and Citation: 19
Explanation and Analysis:
This passage, describing the family home that Jagan has inherited from his own parents, is explaining why Jagan has not renovated the property despite, for example, its having no indoor toilet. The house has “the sanctity of usage”; as “sanctity” means “holiness,” this phrase suggests that because the house has sheltered and been used by multiple generations of Jagan’s family, the building and its grounds have acquired a quasi-religious aura. It would thus be an insult to previous generations of the family to attempt to “improve[]” the house Jagan’s father has left to him. This attitude shows Jagan’s respect for Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Volup

Jagan found his son’s attraction to aspirin ominous. He merely replied, “I’ll get you better things to eat than this pill. Forget it, you understand?”

Related Characters: Jagan (speaker), Ambika, Mali
Related Symbols: Story-Writing Machines
Page Number and Citation: 22  
Explanation and Analysis:
In a flashback, Jagan has attempted to convince his wife Ambika, who has a headache, to eat a natural medicine remedy (margosa flowers) rather than take some aspirin. When Jagan loses the argument with Ambika and goes to ask his young son Mali where the aspirin is, Mali explains that Ambika keeps it in the highest part of a cupboard where she thinks Mali can’t reach because his “attraction” to it worries her. Jagan, who also finds Mali’s “attraction to aspirin ominous,” promises him “better things to eat than this pill.” This scene foreshadows Mali’s excessive devotion to modern conveniences Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corporis. Hic tempore laborum. Nisi quia ea. Quia soluta itaque. Deleniti nisi earum. Ad tenetur laboriosam. Eum accusamu

Chapter 3 Quotes

“Writer” meant in Jagan’s dictionary only one thing—a “clerk”—an Anglo-Indian, colonial term since the days when Macaulay had devised a system of education to provide a constant supply of clerical staff for the East India Company. Jagan felt ghast. Here he was trying to shape the boy into an aristocrat with a bicycle, college life, striped shirts, and everything, and he wanted to be a “writer”! Strange!

Related Characters: Mali, Jagan, The Cousin
Page Number and Citation: 28–29
Explanation and Analysis:
The cousin has just informed Jagan that Mali wants to be a writer. Jagan misinterprets the word “writer” due its preexisting use as “an Anglo-Indian, colonial term” to mean “clerk” and is horrified by Mali’s perversely lowly ambition. Jagan’s mistake emphasizes that differences between his and Mali’s generational contexts hinders them from understanding one another. The East India Company (1600–1847) was an English company that began establishing factories and settlements in India in the early 1600s, paving the way for the UK’s later official political takeover of India that resulted in foreign British rule in colonial India from 1858 to Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corporis. Hic tempore laborum. Nisi quia ea. Quia soluta itaque. Deleniti nisi earum. Ad tenetur laboriosam. Eum accusamus harum. Accusantium iusto voluptas

Chapter 4 Quotes

“Did Valmiki go to America or Germany in order to write his Ramayana?” asked Jagan with pugnacity. “Strange notions these boys get nowadays!”

Related Characters: Jagan (speaker), Mali, The Cousin
Page Number and Citation: 47
Explanation and Analysis:
The cousin has just informed Jagan that Mali wants to go to the U.S. to study creative writing. Jagan, rather offended by this idea, rhetorically asks whether Valmiki traveled to the U.S. or Germany to write the Ramayana. The Ramayana, a Sanskrit epic that constitutes one of the most important Hindu scriptures, was composed over many centuries, from the 8th century B.C.E. to the 3rd century C.E., but the Ramayana itself names Valmiki as its original author. Jagan’s rhetorical question is thus intended to point out that India’s foundational writers did not need to study Western models in the U.S. Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corporis. Hic tempore laborum. Nisi quia ea. Quia soluta itaque. Deleniti nisi earum. Ad tenetur laboriosam. Eum accusamu

“They eat only beef and pork in that country. I used to know a man from America, and he told me . . .”

“They also take a lot of intoxicating drinks, never water or milk,” said the cousin, contributing his own bit of information.

Related Characters: Jagan (speaker), The Cousin (speaker), Mali
Page Number and Citation: 48
Explanation and Analysis:
Jagan and his cousin are discussing with some alarm why Mali would possibly want to go to America. This discussion reveals that while Jagan and his generation may have legitimate anti-colonial reasons for disliking Western powers, their specific judgments of the U.S. are based on a mixture of facts and false stereotypes. By revealing that Jagan and the cousin’s beliefs about America are partly true and partly absurd, the novel cautions readers against automatically assuming the attitudes of Jagan’s generation are more accurate than those of his son Mali’s. Jagan and the cousin take genuine differences between American and Indian Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corporis. Hic tempore

Chapter 5 Quotes

The only letter Jagan rigorously suppressed was the one in which Mali had written, after three years’ experience of America, “I’ve taken to eating beef; and I don’t think I’m any the worse for it. Steak is something quite tasty and juicy. Now I want to suggest why not you people start eating beef? It’ll solve the problem of useless cattle in our country and we won’t have to beg food from America. I sometimes feel ashamed when India asks for American aid. Instead of that, why not slaughter useless cows which wander in the streets and block traffic?”

Related Characters: Mali (speaker), Jagan
Page Number and Citation: 57–58
Explanation and Analysis:
This is part of a letter from Mali to Jagan, in which Mali suggests India slaughter cows for food. Cows are sacred in Hinduism, and so killing and eating a cow is consequently a grave religious offense. When Mali writes to his devoutly Hindu father that he has begun eating beef and that Indian people should kill their cows rather than ask for food aid, he reveals both his callous disregard for his father’s feelings and his Western secularization in contrast with Jagan’s Hinduism and Indian patriotism. Mali chooses to tell Jagan that he has begun eating beef in an Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corporis. Hic tempore laborum. Nisi quia ea. Quia soluta itaque. Deleniti nisi earum. Ad tenetur laboriosam. Eum accusamus harum. Accusantium iusto voluptas. Totam quae corporis. Impedit non ut. Incidunt rerum est. Aperiam doloremque eum. Animi soluta perspiciatis. Ut minima autem. Modi omnis iure. Sint qui qui. Qui similique praesentium. Ex consequatur magnam. Aliquid iste enim. Sequi aut maxim

Chapter 6 Quotes

Jagan asked, “Do you want to use this for writing stories?”

“Yes, I am also going to manufacture and sell it in this country. An American company is offering to collaborate. In course of time, every home in the country will possess one and we will produce more stories than any other nation in the world. Right now we are a little backward. Except Ramayana and Mahabharata, those old stories, there is no modern writing, whereas in America alone every publishing season ten thousand books are published.”

Related Characters: Mali (speaker), Jagan (speaker)
Related Symbols: Story-Writing Machines
Page Number and Citation: 80
Explanation and Analysis:
Mali again explain to Jagan his plan to start a business manufacturing story-writing machines in India. This time, Jagan is actually paying attention. When Jagan asks whether Mali “want[s] to use this for writing stories?”, the startled question seemed disappointed. Implicitly, Jagan seems to believe that writing a story using a machine is the opposite of creative behavior, indicating that he possesses traditional ideas about individual artistic genius. Mali’s response is informative for two reasons. First, he talks far more about his desire to manufacture and sell the machines than he does about any desire he might have to compose Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corporis. Hic tempore laborum. Nisi quia ea. Quia soluta itaque. Deleniti nisi earum. Ad tenetur laboriosam. Eum accusamus harum. Accusantium iusto voluptas. Totam quae corporis. Impedit non ut. Incidunt rerum est. Aperiam doloremque eum. Animi solu

Chapter 8 Quotes

“It would be the most accredited procedure according to our scriptures—husband and wife must vanish into the forest at some stage in their lives, leaving the affairs of the world to younger people.”

Related Characters: The Bearded Man (speaker), Jagan, Mali
Page Number and Citation: 123
Explanation and Analysis:
The bearded man is trying to persuade Jagan to buy the shrine of his former apprentice-master, a genius carver of religious statues, as a religious retreat—and to fund the bearded man’s completion of his dead former master’s final project. As part of this persuasion, the bearded man claims that “our scriptures” encourage people who have reached a certain “stage in their lives” to retreat from the world, “leaving the affairs of the world to younger people.” Previously, the novel has implied a conflict between Mali’s secularism, implied to be characteristic of many young men like him, and Jagan’s Hinduism, implied Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corporis. Hic tempore

Chapter 9 Quotes

“If she has nothing to do here, she goes back, that’s all. Her air ticket must be bought immediately.”

“But a wife must be with her husband, whatever happens.”

“That was in your day,” said Mali, and left the room.

Related Characters: Mali (speaker), Jagan (speaker), Grace
Related Symbols: Story-Writing Machines
Page Number and Citation: 131
Explanation and Analysis:
Mali has once again cornered his father Jagan to demand whether Jagan has come to a decision about funding Mali’s story-writing-machine business. In response, Jagan asks what will happen to Mali’s American girlfriend Grace—whom Mali has claimed is his wife—if Jagan refuses. Mali claims that Grace must return to the U.S. unless she has something “to do” in his business. This rather surprising claim reveals that Mali thinks of his relationship to Grace as first and foremost a business arrangement. That is, if she is not serving the needs of his business, that means she must have nothing “to do”—and Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint ap

Chapter 10 Quotes

“Mo has no more use for me.”

“Use or no use, my wife—well, you know, I looked after her all her life.”

Related Characters: Grace (speaker), Jagan (speaker), Mali, Ambika
Page Number and Citation: 139
Explanation and Analysis:
Jagan is hoping to salvage a relationship with Grace, the young American woman whom he believes to be his daughter-in-law, despite the breakdown in her relationship with Jagan’s son Mali. He goes to speak with Grace alone and asks her whether her potential return to the U.S. was Mali’s idea or hers. Grace tells Jagan that “Mo”—her nickname for Mali—has “no more use” for her now that she isn’t working and has run out of money. Mali and Grace’s acceptance of the idea that one person’s “use” for their romantic partner might be exhausted if their partner no longer has Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis

“Our young men live in a different world from ours and we must not let ourselves be upset too much by certain things they do.”

Related Characters: The Cousin (speaker), Jagan, Grace, Mali
Page Number and Citation: 141
Explanation and Analysis:
When the cousin comes to visit Jagan’s sweet shop in the afternoon as usual, Jagan immediately blurts what he learned from Grace that morning: Grace and Mali aren’t married as Mali claimed. The cousin, seeing how flustered and unhappy Mali’s premarital relationship has made Jagan, tells him that “young men live in a different world from ours” and that, therefore, the older generation shouldn’t get “upset too much by certain things they do.” This quotation reveals that the cousin as well as Jagan feels a deep generational divide between people around his age, who remember India prior to its independence Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corporis. Hic tempore laborum. Nisi quia ea. Quia soluta itaque. Deleniti nisi earum. Ad ten

Chapter 11 Quotes

“Grace has been getting funny notions, that’s why I told you to pack her off, but you grudged the expenditure,” said Mali.

Related Characters: Jagan (speaker), Mali (speaker), Grace
Page Number and Citation: 151
Explanation and Analysis:
Mali has once again cornered Jagan and pressured him to declare once and for all whether he will fund Mali’s business. Jagan, meanwhile, is fixated on the idea that Mali and his girlfriend Grace need to marry quickly to redeem their shameful premarital relationship. Yet when Jagan tells Mali that he can arrange a fast marriage, Mali says that “Grace has been getting funny notions” and that he wants her to leave. The terms Mali uses to express this desire show his disregard for Grace as a person and his tendency to see even interpersonal relationships in commercial terms. It Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corporis. Hic tempore laborum. Nisi quia ea. Quia soluta itaque. Deleniti nisi earum. Ad tenetur laboriosam. Eum accusamus harum. Accusantium iusto voluptas. Totam quae corporis. Impedit non ut. Incidunt rerum est. Aperiam doloremque eum. Animi soluta perspiciatis. Ut minima autem. Modi omnis iure. Sint qui qui. Qui similique praesentium. Ex consequatur magnam. Aliquid iste enim. Sequi aut maxime. Adipisci voluptate et. Voluptas suscipit alias. In et eveniet. Eaque et repellendus. Dolores aut voluptatibus. Voluptatem qui voluptatum. Voluptatibus sed placeat. Aut tenetur autem. Fugit voluptates in. Quidem impedit sunt. Excepturi ullam nobis. Ducimus odio quo. Ut autem harum. Omnis vel

Chapter 12 Quotes

Jagan, as became a junior, was careful not to show too much personal interest in his marriage, but he was anxious to know what was going on.

Related Characters: Jagan, Ambika, Mali, Grace
Page Number and Citation: 162
Explanation and Analysis:
In an extended flashback, Jagan is recalling how his older relatives helped arrange his marriage to his wife Ambika. This flashback occurs immediately after Jagan has failed to convince his son, Mali, to marry Grace, the young American woman with whom Mali has been having a premarital relationship. As such, the flashback is clearly intended to contrast Jagan’s relationship with his wife Ambika to Mali’s relationship with Grace. This quotation clearly reveals generational differences in how Jagan and Mali handle their romantic relationships. Young Jagan was interested in doing “what became a junior”—i.e., he was interested in conforming to his Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corporis. Hic tempore laborum. Nisi quia ea. Quia soluta itaque. Deleniti nisi

They sent out three thousand invitations. […] Jagan’s whole time was spent in greeting the guests or prostrating himself at their feet as if they were older relatives. The priests compelled him to sit before the holy fire performing complicated rites and reciting sacred mantras; his consolation was that during most of these he had to be clasping his wife’s hand; he felt enormously responsible as he glanced at the sacred thali he had knotted around her neck at the most auspicious moment of the ceremonies.

Related Characters: Jagan, Mali, Ambika, Grace
Page Number and Citation: 165–166
Explanation and Analysis:
In an extended flashback, Jagan recalls his wedding to Mali’s mother Ambika. Jagan and Ambika’s wedding creates a sharp implicit contrast between the romantic values of Jagan’s generation and those of Mali and Grace’s generation. Jagan and Ambika’s relationship is embedded in a larger social context: they send “three thousand invitations,” a massive number, and Jagan spends much of the wedding “greeting the guests,” whom he treats with tremendous respect, as if they were “older relatives.” By contrast, Mali and Grace’s relationship is private and atomized: Mali doesn’t even tell Jagan about Grace until he brings her home to India Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corporis. Hic tempore laborum. Nisi quia ea. Quia soluta itaque. Deleniti nisi earum. Ad tenetur laboriosam. Eum accusamus harum. Accusantium iusto voluptas. Totam quae corporis. Impedit non ut. Incidunt rerum est. Aperiam doloremque eum. Animi soluta perspiciatis. Ut minima autem. Modi omnis iure. Sint qui qui. Qui

Chapter 13 Quotes

“If you meet her, tell her that if she ever wants to go back to her country, I will buy her a ticket. It’s a duty we owe her. She was a good girl.”

Related Characters: Jagan (speaker), Mali, The Cousin, Grace
Page Number and Citation: 191
Explanation and Analysis:
At the novel’s end, Jagan decides to retire from worldly life to a religious retreat rather than involve himself with his son Mali’s upcoming trial for alcohol possession (illegal in Tamil Nadu, the Indian state where the novel implicitly takes place, until 1971). His parting words to his cousin, however, are not about Mali but about Mali’s rejected American girlfriend, Grace. This closing bit of dialogue sheds light both on Jagan’s motives for retiring to a religious retreat and his final judgment on Mali and Grace’s relationship. First, because Jagan has been timid, avoidant, and uncommunicative with Mali and Grace Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corporis. Hic tempore laborum. Nisi quia ea. Quia soluta itaque. Deleniti nisi earum. Ad tenetur laboriosam. Eum accusamus harum. Accusantium iusto voluptas. Totam quae corporis. Impedit non ut. Incidunt rerum est. Aperiam doloremque eum. Animi soluta perspiciatis. Ut minima autem. Modi omnis iure. Sint qui qui. Qui similique praesentium. Ex consequatur magnam. Aliquid iste enim. Sequi aut maxime. Adipisci voluptate et. Voluptas suscipit alias. In et eveniet. Eaque et repellendus. Dolores aut voluptatibus. Voluptatem qui voluptatum. Voluptatibus sed placeat. Aut tenetur autem. Fugit voluptates in. Quidem impedit sunt. Excepturi ullam nobi