The Vendor of Sweets

by R. K. Narayan

Mali Character Analysis

Mali, son of Jagan and Ambika, is a sullen, callous, commercially-minded young man living in southern India in the 1960s. Ambika dies when Mali is a child, and Jagan’s resulting breakdown leads to estrangement between Jagan and Mali. Though secretive and dismissive with Jagan, Mali sometimes confides in Jagan’s cousin, whom he calls “uncle.” After 20-year-old Mali announces that he plans to quit college, Jagan learns from his cousin that Mali wants to be a writer—specifically, that he wants to study creative writing in the U.S. After more than three years in the U.S., Mali returns with an American girlfriend named Grace—whom he falsely tells Jagan is his wife—and an ambition: to Westernize and “modernize” India, which he has come to hold in contempt. He plans to do this through American story-writing machines, which mechanize much of the individual creative work of composing novels. Mali, planning to found a story-machine factory, sees Jagan and Grace as mere means to that end. He relentlessly pursues Jagan for start-up money to fund his business, despite Jagan’s obvious unwillingness; moreover, when Grace runs out of savings and can’t work at Mali’s not-yet-funded business, he tries to send her back to the U.S. and accuses her of mental instability when she doesn’t go. As the novel ends, Mali has just been arrested after police found alcohol inside his green car (alcohol was illegal in many regions of India at the time of the novel’s publication). This situation emphasizes the negative consequences of Mali’s Westernization and contempt for Indian culture and law.

Mali Quotes in The Vendor of Sweets

The The Vendor of Sweets quotes below are all either spoken by Mali or refer to Mali. For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
Communication vs. Fear Theme Icon
).

Chapter 2 Quotes

Everything in this house had the sanctity of usage, which was the reason why no improvement was possible.

Related Characters: Jagan, Mali
Page Number and Citation: 19
Explanation and Analysis:

Jagan found his son’s attraction to aspirin ominous. He merely replied, “I’ll get you better things to eat than this pill. Forget it, you understand?”

Related Characters: Jagan (speaker), Ambika, Mali
Related Symbols: Story-Writing Machines
Page Number and Citation: 22  
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 3 Quotes

“Writer” meant in Jagan’s dictionary only one thing—a “clerk”—an Anglo-Indian, colonial term since the days when Macaulay had devised a system of education to provide a constant supply of clerical staff for the East India Company. Jagan felt ghast. Here he was trying to shape the boy into an aristocrat with a bicycle, college life, striped shirts, and everything, and he wanted to be a “writer”! Strange!

Related Characters: The Cousin, Mali, Jagan
Page Number and Citation: 28–29
Explanation and Analysis:

Even with the passage of time, Jagan never got over the memory of that moment. The coarse, raw pain he had felt at the sight of Mali on that fateful day remained petrified in some vital centre of his being. From that day, the barrier had come into being. The boy had ceased to speak to him normally.

Related Characters: Jagan, Mali, Ambika
Page Number and Citation: 38
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 4 Quotes

“I hate to upset him, that’s all. I have never upset him in all my life.”

“That means you have carried things to the point where you cannot speak to him at all.”

Related Characters: The Cousin (speaker), Jagan (speaker), Mali, Ambika
Page Number and Citation: 45
Explanation and Analysis:

“Did Valmiki go to America or Germany in order to write his Ramayana?” asked Jagan with pugnacity. “Strange notions these boys get nowadays!”

Related Characters: Jagan (speaker), The Cousin, Mali
Page Number and Citation: 47
Explanation and Analysis:

“They eat only beef and pork in that country. I used to know a man from America, and he told me . . .”

“They also take a lot of intoxicating drinks, never water or milk,” said the cousin, contributing his own bit of information.

Related Characters: Jagan (speaker), The Cousin (speaker), Mali
Page Number and Citation: 48
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 5 Quotes

Gradually his reading of the Bhagavad Gita was replaced by the blue airmail letters.

Related Characters: Grace, Jagan, Mali
Page Number and Citation: 56
Explanation and Analysis:

The only letter Jagan rigorously suppressed was the one in which Mali had written, after three years’ experience of America, “I’ve taken to eating beef; and I don’t think I’m any the worse for it. Steak is something quite tasty and juicy. Now I want to suggest why not you people start eating beef? It’ll solve the problem of useless cattle in our country and we won’t have to beg food from America. I sometimes feel ashamed when India asks for American aid. Instead of that, why not slaughter useless cows which wander in the streets and block traffic?”

Related Characters: Mali (speaker), Jagan
Page Number and Citation: 57–58
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 6 Quotes

Jagan asked, “Do you want to use this for writing stories?”

“Yes, I am also going to manufacture and sell it in this country. An American company is offering to collaborate. In course of time, every home in the country will possess one and we will produce more stories than any other nation in the world. Right now we are a little backward. Except Ramayana and Mahabharata, those old stories, there is no modern writing, whereas in America alone every publishing season ten thousand books are published.”

Related Characters: Mali (speaker), Jagan (speaker)
Related Symbols: Story-Writing Machines
Page Number and Citation: 80
Explanation and Analysis:

Prayer was a sound way of isolating oneself—but sooner or later it ended: one could not go on praying eternally, though one ought to.

Related Characters: Jagan, Grace, Mali
Related Symbols: Story-Writing Machines
Page Number and Citation: 85
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 8 Quotes

He went on talking and Jagan listened agape as if a new world had flashed into view. He suddenly realized how narrow his whole existence had been—between the Lawley Statue and the frying shop[.]

Related Characters: Jagan, Mali, The Bearded Man
Page Number and Citation: 117
Explanation and Analysis:

“It would be the most accredited procedure according to our scriptures—husband and wife must vanish into the forest at some stage in their lives, leaving the affairs of the world to younger people.”

Related Characters: The Bearded Man (speaker), Jagan, Mali
Page Number and Citation: 123
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 9 Quotes

“If she has nothing to do here, she goes back, that’s all. Her air ticket must be bought immediately.”

“But a wife must be with her husband, whatever happens.”

“That was in your day,” said Mali, and left the room.

Related Characters: Mali (speaker), Jagan (speaker), Grace
Related Symbols: Story-Writing Machines
Page Number and Citation: 131
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 10 Quotes

“Mo has no more use for me.”

“Use or no use, my wife—well, you know, I looked after her all her life.”

Related Characters: Grace (speaker), Jagan (speaker), Mali, Ambika
Page Number and Citation: 139
Explanation and Analysis:

“Our young men live in a different world from ours and we must not let ourselves be upset too much by certain things they do.”

Related Characters: The Cousin (speaker), Grace, Jagan, Mali
Page Number and Citation: 141
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 11 Quotes

“Grace has been getting funny notions, that’s why I told you to pack her off, but you grudged the expenditure,” said Mali.

Related Characters: Jagan (speaker), Mali (speaker), Grace
Page Number and Citation: 151
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 12 Quotes

Jagan, as became a junior, was careful not to show too much personal interest in his marriage, but he was anxious to know what was going on.

Related Characters: Ambika, Jagan, Grace, Mali
Page Number and Citation: 162
Explanation and Analysis:

They sent out three thousand invitations. […] Jagan’s whole time was spent in greeting the guests or prostrating himself at their feet as if they were older relatives. The priests compelled him to sit before the holy fire performing complicated rites and reciting sacred mantras; his consolation was that during most of these he had to be clasping his wife’s hand; he felt enormously responsible as he glanced at the sacred thali he had knotted around her neck at the most auspicious moment of the ceremonies.

Related Characters: Ambika, Jagan, Mali, Grace
Page Number and Citation: 165–166
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 13 Quotes

“That’s why I discouraged his idea of buying that horrible green car!” He vented his rage against the green automobile until the cousin interrupted, “A bottle could be sneaked in anywhere . . .”

“You don’t understand. It’s the motor car that creates all sorts of notions in a young fellow,” said Jagan[.]

Related Characters: The Cousin (speaker), Jagan (speaker), Mali
Related Symbols: Green Car
Page Number and Citation: 184
Explanation and Analysis:

“If you meet her, tell her that if she ever wants to go back to her country, I will buy her a ticket. It’s a duty we owe her. She was a good girl.”

Related Characters: Jagan (speaker), Grace, The Cousin, Mali
Page Number and Citation: 191
Explanation and Analysis:
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Mali Character Timeline in The Vendor of Sweets

The timeline below shows where the character Mali appears in The Vendor of Sweets. The colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance.
Chapter 1
Communication vs. Fear Theme Icon
Generational Difference Theme Icon
...an adherent of Gandhi’s, he doesn’t want to kill animals. As a child, Jagan’s son (Mali) enjoyed his father’s leather tanning activities, but he started whining about the smell when he... (full context)
Chapter 2
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...Lawley looking over the town Malgudi, Jagan begins to get excited about seeing his son Mali soon. He spots Mali with a group of friends and, though ecstatic at his son’s... (full context)
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...aspirin for a headache. That day, Jagan grudgingly conceded to her preferences and went to Mali’s room to ask where Ambika kept aspirin. Young Mali told him that Ambika kept it... (full context)
Chapter 3
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One morning at breakfast, Mali tells Jagan that he is quitting college. When Jagan asks whether Mali is being bullied,... (full context)
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Jagan tells the cousin about Mali’s idea to quit college and explains that he’d hoped Mali would get a B.A. because... (full context)
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...walk. The cousin explains to Jagan, who is spinning disaster scenarios in his mind, that Mali simply wants to become a writer. Jagan understands the term “writer” through the lens of... (full context)
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The cousin, not realizing that Jagan has misunderstood the word “writer,” continues: he waited for Mali outside the college, where Mali was saying goodbye to his school friends, and overheard Mali... (full context)
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The cousin explains that when Mali finished speaking to people outside the college, the cousin invited him for coffee. At a... (full context)
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...the cousin keep walking and talking until midnight. Suddenly, a frustrated Jagan wonders aloud why Mali can’t study and write at the same time. The cousin offers that Mali said studying... (full context)
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As soon as Jagan gets the chance, he peeks through Mali’s keyhole into his room. Much to Jagan’s disappointment, he sees Mali sitting around glumly, doing... (full context)
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Humbly, Jagan asks what Mali is working on. Snootily, Mali replies that he is working on a novel. When Jagan... (full context)
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Mali explains that he saw a novel-writing competition with a 25,000-rupee prize in Ananda Vikatan. Competitors... (full context)
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Jagan effusively claims to believe in Mali. Meanwhile, though, he wonders why an “invisible barrier” exists between him and Mali, even though... (full context)
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 Jagan tells Mali again that he believes in him and that he only asked about the story because... (full context)
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At the sweet shop the next day, Jagan brags to his head cook that Mali is going to earn 25,000 rupees with a novel he’ll write by September. When the... (full context)
Chapter 4
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Though Jagan and Mali don’t talk much at home, Mali is happy that Jagan isn’t insisting he return to... (full context)
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September passes, and Jagan has no idea whether or not Mali has written and sent off his novel manuscript. One day, the cousin arrives in the... (full context)
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When the cousin asks when Jagan last had a conversation with Mali, Jagan realizes it was a brief, contentless exchange more than three months ago. Rather than... (full context)
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After four days, the cousin comes back to the sweet shop and announces that Mali wants to travel to America to study writing. Jagan, patriotism offended, asks rhetorically whether Valmiki... (full context)
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...cautions that some negative stereotypes about America may be false—but he concludes that, after all, Mali mustn’t go there. (full context)
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The cousin says that Mali has already gone to Madras for his passport and stolen the travel fare from Jagan’s... (full context)
Chapter 5
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After Mali leaves, Jagan brags to everyone that his son is heading to America. One day, he... (full context)
Religion Theme Icon
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...heads for work. On the way, he stops a couple acquaintances to tell them about Mali’s letter; both annoy him by offering their own ideas rather than accepting “enlightenment on the... (full context)
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Uncharacteristically, Mali communicates a great deal via letter—though he generalizes about American culture rather than sharing anything... (full context)
Generational Difference Theme Icon
Religion Theme Icon
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...however, Jagan receives a letter whose contents he does not share with anyone: in it, Mali says that he has started eating beef and suggests that Indians should start killing and... (full context)
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Jagan, perplexed, goes to meet Mali’s train with the cousin. When Mali appears, he seems taller than before and surrounded by... (full context)
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...the driver talks about the availability or lack thereof of various cars in India, while Mali periodically declares that “nothing has changed.” Meanwhile, Grace stares out the window happily. When she... (full context)
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...of money in the past two weeks renovating the house with an indoor bathroom by Mali’s bedroom. Mali goes to wash up while the cousin and the driver handle Mali’s luggage,... (full context)
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...his acquaintances because he doesn’t want to explain who Grace is. The cousin, curious whether Mali and Grace eat meat in Jagan’s house, asks indirect questions about how the household cooks;... (full context)
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Every so often, one of Mali’s old friends will visit and talk quietly with Mali; Jagan, who can’t hear what they’re... (full context)
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Soon Jagan, uncomfortable, asks Grace whether Mali earned his degree in America. Grace, surprised, asks whether Jagan doesn’t know. Jagan says that... (full context)
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Jagan, uncomfortable, says he couldn’t have known—he didn’t know about Grace. When Grace asks whether Mali never wrote his own letters to Jagan, Jagan lies and says that Mali only wrote... (full context)
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...and abandoned her there. Eventually, Grace went to Michigan to study domestic science, where “Mo” (Mali) was taking creative writing. They met at a football game. Abruptly, Grace asks whether Jagan... (full context)
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One day, Mali rushes up to Jagan and asks him to get a telephone for the house. When... (full context)
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Jagan, examining Mali up close, sees that Mali looks unwell. He suddenly notices that Mali is wearing socks... (full context)
Chapter 6
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...conversation about a fight at the market because he’s noticed Jagan doesn’t want to discuss Mali. Jagan complains that the other merchants raising prices have no “sense of service” and notes... (full context)
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After a digression in which Jagan and the cousin discuss how Mali seems to have borrowed a friend’s scooter, the cousin asks whether Jagan likes Mali’s “scheme.”... (full context)
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...machine writes stories. The cousin says that, not being an engineer, he has no idea—but Mali said it was “‘electronic’ or ‘electric’ or something like that.” He suggests that Jagan ask... (full context)
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...morning, when Grace comes to clean Jagan’s side of the house, Jagan asks her whether Mali is free to talk. Grace goes to ask, comes back, and tells Jagan Mali will... (full context)
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Jagan asks Mali whether he actually wants to write using the story-writing machine. Mali says he will not... (full context)
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Grace enters the room and says to Jagan how intelligent Mali is. Jagan, wondering what exactly Mali’s scheme is, tells Grace that the Indian epics were... (full context)
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Mali tells Jagan that if they raise $51,000, their American backers will give them help worth... (full context)
Communication vs. Fear Theme Icon
Commerce, Taste, and the Good Life Theme Icon
...$50,000 is in rupees. The cousin says “two lakhs”—a conversion he checked after talking to Mali. Jagan asks where Mali expects to get the money, and the cousin replies that Mali... (full context)
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At home, Jagan feels that Mali and Grace are now putting themselves in his path and looking at him significantly. One... (full context)
Communication vs. Fear Theme Icon
Commerce, Taste, and the Good Life Theme Icon
...the man asks why Jagan doesn’t talk to him about America anymore and asks how Mali is doing. Jagan tersely says that Mali is going to found a factory for machines... (full context)
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...the sweet shop and opens the Bhagavad Gita, but all he can think about is Mali’s prospectus. He’s angry that Mali didn’t tell him about putting his name on the prospectus,... (full context)
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...he will use “non-violent non-cooperation” of the sort he learned from Gandhi to deal with Mali and Grace. One morning, Grace asks him whether he’s come to a decision about investing... (full context)
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Mali calls to Jagan before Jagan can escape. When Jagan enters Mali’s room, Mali asks whether... (full context)
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Mali tells Jagan that they need the money soon or their business associates will back out.... (full context)
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The cousin asks whether Jagan plans to give up his business, and Jagan says that Mali isn’t interested in taking over for him. The cousin tells Jagan that there’s no better... (full context)
Chapter 7
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...has spent going only between his house and the sweet shop and thinking only about Mali, the cousin, and his business. He remembers how, in his youth, he listened to Gandhi... (full context)
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...of white hair.” He asks whether Jagan needs his hair dyed, and Jagan—alarmed at how Mali and Grace might react, supposing they even noticed—gently declines. Then, remembering his book, he tells... (full context)
Chapter 8
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...as though he has traveled back in time, far away from his own business and Mali’s ventures. As the bearded man searches, he points out to Jagan various empty pedestals and... (full context)
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...say more about what he wants, but he is unwilling to explain the pain that Mali has caused him. (full context)
Chapter 9
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Commerce, Taste, and the Good Life Theme Icon
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...Would the bearded man expect Jagan to take over his hair dye business and “ruin Mali further” with wealth? Jagan tells himself that he is no longer a sweet-shop owner and... (full context)
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Mali enters and asks Jagan to stop spinning the wheel so they can talk. When Jagan... (full context)
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Mali launches into another pitch for his business. When Jagan asks what will happen if he... (full context)
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When Jagan asks again whether Grace is unhappy, Mali says that she has nothing to be happy about because she has no work. Jagan... (full context)
Chapter 10
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...though an impenetrable wall has arisen between him on the one hand and Grace and Mali on the other. (full context)
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At the sweets shop, when Jagan asks the cousin whether he has run into Mali lately, the cousin says he ran into Mali at an acquaintance’s house. Mali told the... (full context)
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Two days later, while Mali is showing the cousin the land where he plans to build the factory for his... (full context)
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...himself not to dither and “lose [his] daughter” Grace as he feels he’s nearly lost Mali. He asks why he doesn’t see her around the house anymore. When she blushes and... (full context)
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Grace, walking Jagan out, says that “Mo”—Mali—wants her to return to America. Jagan, shocked, asks why. Grace explains that Mali says he... (full context)
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Grace admits that she and Mali aren’t married, though Mali promised to marry her according to Indian cultural traditions when he... (full context)
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When the cousin enters the shop, Jagan tells him that Mali isn’t married. The cousin asks whether Jagan talked with Grace, and Jagan repeats that she... (full context)
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The cousin suggests that Jagan ask Mali’s “side of the story.” Jagan points out that Mali told him he wanted Grace to... (full context)
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...in his house. The cousin suggests he use the back entrance to avoid Grace and Mali; Jagan agrees and asks the cousin not to tell anyone about the situation. The cousin... (full context)
Chapter 11
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Jagan spends an entire morning shutting off his part of the house from Mali and Grace’s. After he leaves the house by the back door, he takes a side... (full context)
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...daughter-in-law” while his brother has reportedly been speaking ill of Jagan, blaming him for how Mali has turned out. In truth, Jagan is happy to be the black sheep of the... (full context)
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As Jagan walks to the sweets shop, Mali and Grace drive up in the green car and stop. Grace asks whether Jagan wants... (full context)
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...weeks later, Jagan realizes he hasn’t seen or heard Grace in a while. One day, Mali hears Jagan sneaking by, calls to him, and asks why he’s “prowling around like this.”... (full context)
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Jagan announces that Mali and Grace need to get married. When Mali shouts that Jagan has been talking behind... (full context)
Chapter 12
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...in a daze. While he counts his cash, he internally compares his inability to understand Mali to the warrior Arjuna’s inability to comprehend the entirety of God in the Bhagavad Gita—though... (full context)
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...not to whine about the price—he’ll be compensated with a grandson soon. And sure enough, Mali is born, after which the family delivers offerings to Badri Hill to fulfill the oath... (full context)
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Ambika goes with Mali to visit her own parents, who give her many gifts and hold a feast in... (full context)
Chapter 13
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...he has been sleeping by the statue. He looks at his house and thinks that Mali and Grace have failed to brighten it the way his own mother and Ambika did... (full context)
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Recalling how Mali rejected the idea of a quick marriage, Jagan concludes that he no longer has a... (full context)
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...But then he thinks that his brother will have heard the rumors about Grace and Mali and scorn Jagan as a result—so Jagan decides he’ll keep the key. (full context)
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...announces that he is leaving home forever. The cousin, struck by his brusqueness, says that Mali needs immediate help: the police found him with alcohol in his car and have put... (full context)
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The cousin says that Mali is in jail and that they could have bailed him out the previous night, if... (full context)
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When Jagan admits that he didn’t know Mali drank, the cousin says under Prohibition they can charge you even if you just smell... (full context)
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The cousin goes over possibilities for Mali’s defense: the lawyer—who is thinking of buying stock in Mali’s story-writing machine company—is investigating the... (full context)
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...as a dead man from now on, gives him the keys to the shop for Mali to inherit eventually, and says that the cousin can always visit him at the retreat... (full context)