To Room Nineteen
by Doris Lessing

Gender Roles and Marriage Theme Analysis

Themes and Colors
Gender Roles and Marriage Theme Icon
Rationality, Desire, and Madness Theme Icon
Identity and Sacrifice Theme Icon
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Gender Roles and Marriage Theme Icon
Gender Roles and Marriage Theme Icon

At the beginning of "To Room Nineteen,” upon the marriage of Susan and Matthew Rawlings, Susan quits her job to take care of their growing family. She does so willingly, with the sense that this is a necessary sacrifice: their children, both she and Matthew agree, should be raised by their mother. However, as the story progresses, Susan’s resentment grows: she is essentially trapped in their Richmond house and dependent on Matthew, having no job to provide an income or take her out of the house. She feels restricted by the next time her children will call for her or the next task she will have to undertake to keep the household running. Because of these feelings, she ends up seeking out Room 19 as a refuge where she does not have to exist as a wife or mother but can simply be a nameless nobody. Susan’s feelings of suffocation show how restricted she is by the roles she has to play in her own life: she is constantly waiting for the next task on behalf of her husband and children rather than viewing herself as autonomous.

As the story progresses, Susan spends more and more time in Room 19, until she feels like a stranger upon returning home. She is so divorced from her life as a wife and a mother that she feels as though she is looking in on a stranger’s life. Even the knowledge of Matthew’s long-term affair does not disturb her much, as she believes the two are an ill-fated match; she even wants Matthew to take an interest in their household's au pair instead. When Matthew discovers Room 19, the discovery ruins the hiding spot for Susan—now that he knows about her room, he knows how to find her. Because of this, Susan is no longer able to be anonymous in Room 19. She cannot shed her ties to her life as a wife and a mother. Susan ultimately dies by suicide, seeking to escape the roles of wife and mother that are continuously imposed on her no matter how much she seeks to run from them. The story therefore highlights just how suffocating and imposing gender roles can be for women in a society that expects them to live a certain way. These expectations confine Susan’s life to her husband and family so thoroughly that Susan is unable to hold on to any identity other than the one prescribed to her.

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Gender Roles and Marriage ThemeTracker

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Gender Roles and Marriage Quotes in To Room Nineteen

Below you will find the important quotes in To Room Nineteen related to the theme of Gender Roles and Marriage.

To Room Nineteen Quotes

This is a story, I suppose, about a failure in intelligence: the Rawlings’ marriage was grounded in intelligence.

Related Characters: Susan Rawlings, Matthew Rawlings
Page Number and Citation: 396
Explanation and Analysis:

But there was no point about which either could say: "For the sake of this is all the rest…”

Their love for each other? Well, that was nearest it. If this wasn't a centre, what was? Yes, it was around this point, their love, that the whole extraordinary structure revolved…

And if one felt that it simply was not strong enough, important enough, to support it all, well whose fault was that? Certainly neither Susan's nor Matthew's. It was in the nature of things. And they sensibly blamed neither themselves nor each other.

Related Characters: Susan Rawlings, Matthew Rawlings
Page Number and Citation: 398
Explanation and Analysis:

In that case why did Susan feel (though luckily not for longer than a few seconds at a time) as if life had become a desert, and that nothing mattered, and that her children were not her own?

Meanwhile her intelligence continued to assert that all was well.

Related Characters: Susan Rawlings, Matthew Rawlings
Page Number and Citation: 401
Explanation and Analysis:

What it amounted to was that Susan saw herself as she had been at twenty-eight, unmarried; and then again somewhere about fifty, blossoming from the root of what she had been twenty years before. As if the essential Susan were in abeyance, as if she were in cold storage. Matthew said something like this to Susan one night: and she agreed that it was true—she did feel something like that. What, then, was this essential Susan? She did not know.

Related Characters: Susan Rawlings, Matthew Rawlings
Page Number and Citation: 402-403
Explanation and Analysis:

It was a long time later that Susan understood that that night, when she had wept and Matthew had driven the misery out of her with his big solid body, was the last time, ever in their married life, that they had been—to use their mutual language—with each other. And even that was a lie, because she had not told him of her real fears at all.

Related Characters: Susan Rawlings, Matthew Rawlings
Related Symbols: The Richmond House
Page Number and Citation: 405
Explanation and Analysis:

She was breaking her part of the bargain and there was no way of forcing her to keep it: that her spirit, her soul, should live in this house, so that the people in it could grow like plants in water, and Mrs. Parkes remain content in their service. In return for this, he would be a good loving husband, and responsible towards the children. Well, nothing like this had been true of either of them for a long time. He did his duty, perfunctorily: she did not even pretend to do hers.

Related Characters: Susan Rawlings, Matthew Rawlings, Mrs. Parkes
Related Symbols: The Richmond House
Page Number and Citation: 415
Explanation and Analysis:

She went up to sit in her wicker chair. But it was not the same. Her husband had searched her out. (The world had searched her out.) The pressures were on her. She was here with his connivance. He might walk in at any moment, here, into Room 19.

Related Characters: Susan Rawlings, Matthew Rawlings
Related Symbols: Room 19
Page Number and Citation: 422
Explanation and Analysis:

The devils that had haunted the house, the garden, were not there; but she knew it was because her soul was in Room 19 in Fred's Hotel; she was not really here at all. It was a sensation that should have been frightening: to sit at her own bedroom window, listening to Sophie's rich young voice sing German nursery songs to her child, listening to Mrs. Parkes chatter and move below, and to know that all this had nothing to do with her: she was already out of it.

Related Characters: Susan Rawlings, Sophie Traub, Mrs. Parkes
Related Symbols: Room 19, The Richmond House, The Garden
Page Number and Citation: 424
Explanation and Analysis:

The demons were not here. They had gone forever, because she was buying her freedom from them. She was slipping already into the dark fructifying dream that seemed to caress her inwardly, like the movement of her blood...

Related Characters: Susan Rawlings
Related Symbols: Room 19
Page Number and Citation: 428
Explanation and Analysis: