To Room Nineteen
by Doris Lessing

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Gender Roles and Marriage Theme Analysis

Themes and Colors
Gender Roles and Marriage Theme Icon
Rationality, Desire, and Madness Theme Icon
Identity and Sacrifice Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in To Room Nineteen, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Gender Roles and Marriage Theme Icon
Gender Roles and Marriage Theme Icon

At the beginning of "To Room Nineteen,” upon the marriage of Susan and Matthew Rawlings, Susan quits her job to take care of their growing family. She does so willingly, with the sense that this is a necessary sacrifice: their children, both she and Matthew agree, should be raised by their mother. However, as the story progresses, Susan’s resentment grows: she is essentially trapped in their Richmond house and dependent on Matthew, having no job to provide an income or take her out of the house. She feels restricted by the next time her children will call for her or the next task she will have to undertake to keep the household running. Because of these feelings, she ends up seeking out Room 19 as a refuge where she does not have to exist as a wife or mother but can simply be a nameless nobody. Susan’s feelings of suffocation show how restricted she is by the roles she has to play in her own life: she is constantly waiting for the next task on behalf of her husband and children rather than viewing herself as autonomous.

As the story progresses, Susan spends more and more time in Room 19, until she feels like a stranger upon returning home. She is so divorced from her life as a wife and a mother that she feels as though she is looking in on a stranger’s life. Even the knowledge of Matthew’s long-term affair does not disturb her much, as she believes the two are an ill-fated match; she even wants Matthew to take an interest in their household's au pair instead. When Matthew discovers Room 19, the discovery ruins the hiding spot for Susan—now that he knows about her room, he knows how to find her. Because of this, Susan is no longer able to be anonymous in Room 19. She cannot shed her ties to her life as a wife and a mother. Susan ultimately dies by suicide, seeking to escape the roles of wife and mother that are continuously imposed on her no matter how much she seeks to run from them. The story therefore highlights just how suffocating and imposing gender roles can be for women in a society that expects them to live a certain way. These expectations confine Susan’s life to her husband and family so thoroughly that Susan is unable to hold on to any identity other than the one prescribed to her.

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Gender Roles and Marriage ThemeTracker

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Gender Roles and Marriage Quotes in To Room Nineteen

Below you will find the important quotes in To Room Nineteen related to the theme of Gender Roles and Marriage.

To Room Nineteen Quotes

This is a story, I suppose, about a failure in intelligence: the Rawlings’ marriage was grounded in intelligence.

Related Characters: Susan Rawlings, Matthew Rawlings
Page Number and Citation: 396
Explanation and Analysis:
This quote sets readers up to expect the failure of the Rawlingses’ marriage. It foreshadows the ending and the slow dissolution of Susan and Matthew’s relationship. By grounding readers with these expectations, it pushes them to consider the story’s central relationship critically from the very beginning. Additionally, by introducing the Rawlingses’ relationship as one of “intelligence,” the narrator immediately establishes both Susan and Matthew as people who are first and foremost rational. This frames Susan’s development over the course of the short story, as she begins to obsess more and more over her perceived ideal of solitude. While Matthew continues Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas.

But there was no point about which either could say: "For the sake of this is all the rest…”

Their love for each other? Well, that was nearest it. If this wasn't a centre, what was? Yes, it was around this point, their love, that the whole extraordinary structure revolved…

And if one felt that it simply was not strong enough, important enough, to support it all, well whose fault was that? Certainly neither Susan's nor Matthew's. It was in the nature of things. And they sensibly blamed neither themselves nor each other.

Related Characters: Susan Rawlings, Matthew Rawlings
Page Number and Citation: 398
Explanation and Analysis:
This quote calls into question the rationality that is the basis of Susan and Matthew’s entire relationship. While they are, on paper, a perfect match, and while both of them do care for each other in an abstract sense, neither are wholly fulfilled by their relationship. Neither feels that their marriage is a central driver of their lives: even their family (their four children together, as well as their beautiful home in Richmond) seemingly does not bring them enough joy to justify all of the effort they are putting into crafting this perfect life. Additionally, this quote also shows an Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusant

In that case why did Susan feel (though luckily not for longer than a few seconds at a time) as if life had become a desert, and that nothing mattered, and that her children were not her own?

Meanwhile her intelligence continued to assert that all was well.

Related Characters: Susan Rawlings, Matthew Rawlings
Page Number and Citation: 401
Explanation and Analysis:
This quote marks the beginning of Susan’s dissatisfaction with her life. Faced with the reality of Matthew’s affairs, she briefly considers having affairs of her own, but then must face the reality that she, as a housewife, would not have the same opportunities that her husband has to pursue them. Her life is wholly contingent on Matthew’s; in this way, it is “desert”-like— there are no opportunities for her own growth. It also marks the beginning of the separation of Susan’s identities. She starts to have moments where she regards her children as if they were not her own, as Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Co

What it amounted to was that Susan saw herself as she had been at twenty-eight, unmarried; and then again somewhere about fifty, blossoming from the root of what she had been twenty years before. As if the essential Susan were in abeyance, as if she were in cold storage. Matthew said something like this to Susan one night: and she agreed that it was true—she did feel something like that. What, then, was this essential Susan? She did not know.

Related Characters: Susan Rawlings, Matthew Rawlings
Page Number and Citation: 402-403
Explanation and Analysis:
This quote speaks to the sacrifices that Susan has made to be a mother—namely, her own identity as a person outside of her role as head of the household. Upon her marriage to Matthew and the birth of their children, Susan has put her entire life on hold to uphold her responsibilities. She quit her job, moving to a home in Richmond, and let her life shrink until it essentially only revolved around the domestic sphere. This shrinking continued until, faced with her first stretch of child-free time in years, Susan does not know how to reckon with the idea Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui

It was a long time later that Susan understood that that night, when she had wept and Matthew had driven the misery out of her with his big solid body, was the last time, ever in their married life, that they had been—to use their mutual language—with each other. And even that was a lie, because she had not told him of her real fears at all.

Related Characters: Susan Rawlings, Matthew Rawlings
Related Symbols: The Richmond House
Page Number and Citation: 405
Explanation and Analysis:
This quote changes the dynamic of the relationship between Susan and Matthew. Prior to this, they had been a partnership—they had discussed, together, the thought of Susan leaving her job. They had hosted parties together in their young adulthood and decided to wait to marry as a joint discussion. When moving in with each other, they had decided to get a third, new flat instead of one of them moving into the other’s, so that the dynamics on both ends were equal. Even when Matthew had had his affairs, he'd been open with Susan, and the two of them had Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesc

She was breaking her part of the bargain and there was no way of forcing her to keep it: that her spirit, her soul, should live in this house, so that the people in it could grow like plants in water, and Mrs. Parkes remain content in their service. In return for this, he would be a good loving husband, and responsible towards the children. Well, nothing like this had been true of either of them for a long time. He did his duty, perfunctorily: she did not even pretend to do hers.

Related Characters: Susan Rawlings, Matthew Rawlings, Mrs. Parkes
Related Symbols: The Richmond House
Page Number and Citation: 415
Explanation and Analysis:
Once again, this quote treats the Rawlingses’ relationship like a business contract. It outlines the terms of their deal clearly—Susan will remain at home and rule the domestic sphere, while Matthew will go out into the world to make money for the family but will, at the end of the day, return home to her—and in unemotional terms. However, this is Susan’s first purposeful breach of the contract, wherein she seeks some greater fulfillment than the placid contentment their life gives someone like Mrs. Parkes. In some ways this request is similar to Matthew’s affairs, in that both threaten the Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit

She went up to sit in her wicker chair. But it was not the same. Her husband had searched her out. (The world had searched her out.) The pressures were on her. She was here with his connivance. He might walk in at any moment, here, into Room 19.

Related Characters: Susan Rawlings, Matthew Rawlings
Related Symbols: Room 19
Page Number and Citation: 422
Explanation and Analysis:
Directly after Matthew hires a private investigator to follow Susan and see what she’s up to, Susan realizes that Matthew knows that she goes to Room 19 on a regular basis, if not what she does there or why she values her time there so highly. Although she invents a lie about an affair with a fictitious man in order to rationalize her affinity for the room to him, Susan realizes that now that Matthew knows about the room, it is no longer a safe haven for her. If, at any point, Matthew were to decide that he needed to Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus

The devils that had haunted the house, the garden, were not there; but she knew it was because her soul was in Room 19 in Fred's Hotel; she was not really here at all. It was a sensation that should have been frightening: to sit at her own bedroom window, listening to Sophie's rich young voice sing German nursery songs to her child, listening to Mrs. Parkes chatter and move below, and to know that all this had nothing to do with her: she was already out of it.

Related Characters: Susan Rawlings, Sophie Traub, Mrs. Parkes
Related Symbols: Room 19, The Richmond House, The Garden
Page Number and Citation: 424
Explanation and Analysis:
Here, Susan is witnessing her family as if from the outside. This quote shows how far removed she has become from her family and her domestic life. She hears the sounds of their movement as if listening to strangers; she moves among them as if she were a guest invited to dinner. She has become so distanced from her identities as wife and mother that she cannot reconcile herself with the idea of stepping back into those roles. In contrast with Mrs. Parkes, who exists to serve and indeed becomes uneasy when there are no orders to follow, and Sophie Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo

The demons were not here. They had gone forever, because she was buying her freedom from them. She was slipping already into the dark fructifying dream that seemed to caress her inwardly, like the movement of her blood...

Related Characters: Susan Rawlings
Related Symbols: Room 19
Page Number and Citation: 428
Explanation and Analysis:
This quote comes at the very end of the short story, when Susan, faced with the idea of creating an elaborate scheme to perpetuate her lie about her affair and the knowledge that the safe haven of Room 19 has been decimated by Matthew’s discovery of it, decides to commit suicide. She views it as “buying her freedom”: only in death, she believes, will Susan be free from her need from solitude and her inability to achieve it. The characterization of the dream as a “dark fructifying” one, in contrast with her early thoughts of her life as an arid Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus t