Discourse on Colonialism

by

Aimé Césaire

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In Marxist historical and economic analyses of capitalism, the bourgeoisie is the class that legally owns, and therefore controls, private property and the means of production (the tools, technology, and resources necessary for economic activity). Because of this ownership, the bourgeoisie does not actually work, but rather pays other people—the working class or proletariat—to work for them. By using its economic and political power to make the proletariat dependent on the wages it pays, the bourgeoisie further expands its power and profits, which leads it to own greater and greater shares of society’s total wealth over time. Césaire argues that not every European is responsible for colonialism: rather, the European bourgeoisie has planned, implemented, and most profited from it. This bourgeoisie has formulated a progressively “more shameless” and “more summarily barbarous” culture in order to reconcile its conscience with the brutal violence it has perpetuated around the world in order to increase its profits. Césaire emphasizes that this hypocritical culture will continue to gain in power over time, until the proletariat launches a revolution that takes political and economic power from the bourgeoisie. In the 21st century, the bourgeois moral corruption that Césaire criticized continues to proliferate in European and North American societies. Some examples of this culture include extravagant and unnecessary displays of wealth, denial of climate change among the global elite, a preference for selective acts of philanthropy over systematic changes in government, and the increasing control of media and government by business elites whose profits depend on capturing new resources and ensuring that workers’ wages stay as low as possible across the globe.

Bourgeoisie Quotes in Discourse on Colonialism

The Discourse on Colonialism quotes below are all either spoken by Bourgeoisie or refer to Bourgeoisie. For each quote, you can also see the other terms and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
Colonial Racism and the Moral Corruption of Europe Theme Icon
).
Section 1 Quotes

A civilization that proves incapable of solving the problems it creates is a decadent civilization.
A civilization that chooses to close its eyes to its most crucial problems is a sick civilization.
A civilization that plays fast and loose with its principles is a dying civilization.
The fact is that the so-called European civilization—“Western” civilization—as it has been shaped by two centuries of bourgeois rule, is incapable of solving the two major problems to which its existence has given rise: the problem of the proletariat and the colonial problem; that Europe is unable to justify itself either before the bar of “reason” or before the bar of “conscience”; and that, increasingly, it takes refuge in a hypocrisy which is all the more odious because it is less and less likely to deceive.
Europe is indefensible.
Apparently that is the conclusion the American strategists are whispering to each other.
That in itself is not serious.
What is serious is that “Europe” is morally, spiritually indefensible.
And today the indictment is brought against it not by the European masses alone, but on a world scale, by tens and tens of millions of men who, from the depths of slavery, set themselves up as judges.

Related Characters: Aimé Césaire (speaker)
Related Symbols: Civilization and Barbarism
Page Number: 31-2
Explanation and Analysis:
Section 2 Quotes

Yes, it would be worthwhile to study clinically, in detail, the steps taken by Hitler and Hitlerism and to reveal to the very distinguished, very humanistic, very Christian bourgeois of the twentieth century that without his being aware of it, he has a Hitler inside him, that Hitler inhabits him, that Hitler is his demon, that if he rails against him, he is being inconsistent and that, at bottom, what he cannot forgive Hitler for is not the crime in itself, the crime against man, it is not the humiliation of man as such, it is the crime against the white man, the humiliation of the white man, and the fact that he applied to Europe colonialist procedures which until then had been reserved exclusively for the Arabs of Algeria, the “coolies” of India, and the “niggers” of Africa.

Related Characters: Aimé Césaire (speaker), Adolf Hitler
Page Number: 36
Explanation and Analysis:
Section 3 Quotes

One cannot say that the petty bourgeois has never read anything. On the contrary, he has read everything, devoured everything.
Only, his brain functions after the fashion of certain elementary types of digestive systems. It filters. And the filter lets through only what can nourish the thick skin of the bourgeois’s clear conscience.
Before the arrival of the French in their country, the Vietnamese were people of an old culture, exquisite and refined. To recall this fact upsets the digestion of the Banque d’Indochine. Start the forgetting machine!

Related Characters: Aimé Césaire (speaker)
Page Number: 52-3
Explanation and Analysis:
Section 6 Quotes

American domination—the only domination from which one never recovers. I mean from which one never recovers unscarred.
And since you are talking about factories and industries, do you not see the tremendous factory hysterically spitting out its cinders in the heart of our forests or deep in the bush, the factory for the production of lackeys; do you not see the prodigious mechanization, the mechanization of man; the gigantic rape of everything intimate, undamaged, undefiled that, despoiled as we are, our human spirit has still managed to preserve; the machine, yes, have you never seen it, the machine for crushing, for grinding, for degrading peoples?

Related Characters: Aimé Césaire (speaker)
Page Number: 77
Explanation and Analysis:

The salvation of Europe is not a matter of a revolution in methods. It is a matter of the Revolution—the one which, until such time as there is a classless society, will substitute for the narrow tyranny of a dehumanized bourgeoisie the preponderance of the only class that still has a universal mission, because it suffers in its flesh from all the wrongs of history, from all the universal wrongs: the proletariat.

Related Characters: Aimé Césaire (speaker)
Page Number: 78
Explanation and Analysis:
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Bourgeoisie Term Timeline in Discourse on Colonialism

The timeline below shows where the term Bourgeoisie appears in Discourse on Colonialism. The colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance.
Section 2
Colonial Racism and the Moral Corruption of Europe Theme Icon
The Consequences of Colonial Plunder Theme Icon
...that they have done the same thing outside Europe for centuries. Even the “very Christian bourgeois” European “has a Hitler inside him,” and Europeans only hate Hitler because he directed his... (full context)
Section 4
Scholarship and Power Theme Icon
...not “be indignant,” but should rather “resign ourselves to the inevitable” and accept that the bourgeoisie will always to grow “more shameless” and “more summarily barbarous” as history progresses and European... (full context)
Section 5
Scholarship and Power Theme Icon
Class Struggle and Revolution Theme Icon
...together so as to make room for the new arrival.” Lautréamont’s protagonist represents the Western bourgeoisie that is responsible for all the violence of recent history and finds itself experiencing “progressive... (full context)
Colonial Racism and the Moral Corruption of Europe Theme Icon
Scholarship and Power Theme Icon
...valuable, but that it nonetheless represents the way countless Europeans think, specifically “the Western petty bourgeoisie.” Ironically, while they praise humanism, “the West has never been further from” it. (full context)
Section 6
Colonial Racism and the Moral Corruption of Europe Theme Icon
The Consequences of Colonial Plunder Theme Icon
Scholarship and Power Theme Icon
“Man” and “the nation” are both bourgeois values, Césaire begins, and their inventors are the colonial nations that now threaten to destroy... (full context)
Colonial Racism and the Moral Corruption of Europe Theme Icon
Class Struggle and Revolution Theme Icon
...Revolution,” which promises to create “a classless society” led by the proletariat, rather than the bourgeoisie. (full context)