Kindred
by Octavia E. Butler

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Interracial Relationships Theme Analysis

Themes and Colors
Family and Home Theme Icon
Interracial Relationships Theme Icon
History and Trauma Theme Icon
Freedom and Privilege Theme Icon
Choice and Power Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in Kindred, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Interracial Relationships Theme Icon
Interracial Relationships Theme Icon

Butler depicts the complicated dynamics and power struggles of many different types of interracial relationships, in the romantic relationship between Dana and Kevin, the master-slave relationship between Rufus and Alice, and the complex familial relationship between Dana and Rufus. In Dana and Kevin’s marriage, Butler shows the possibility of an interracial relationship that is built on true connection based on shared personality and experiences, as the couple each struggle to become writers, rather than focusing narrowly on the differences in their race. However, Dana and Kevin’s relationship is not free from the harmful effects of racial discrimination. They each have to fight against prejudiced family members and co-workers, while maintaining a balance where Dana’s writing career does not come second to Kevin’s, even though Kevin is more socially accepted as an author due to his race and gender. Still, Dana and Kevin each put in the necessary effort to meet each other with mutual respect and support to make an honest, loving relationship possible.

In contrast, Rufus and Alice are the ultimate example of an unhealthy interracial couple. Rufus is obsessed with “possessing” Alice as both a slave and the object of his affection, while Alice regards Rufus, her master, with a mix of fear, loathing, pity, and hints of affection. The social structures and injustice surrounding black and white relations in the Antebellum South make it impossible for Rufus and Alice to escape the twisted power discrepancy of Rufus as a master and the de-humanizing oppression of Alice as a slave. A romantic relationship between them cannot be beneficial for either partner, because there is no respect or common ground between them. Rufus sexually exploits Alice with no regard for her human feelings, forcing Alice to give up her consent and freedom as well as subjecting her to the resentment of the other slaves. If Alice gives in to Rufus’s sexual desire for her, she both gives up control over her own body and “betrays” her fellow slaves by taking advantage of the comforts that sleeping with the plantation master gives her. In the end, Alice chooses to take her own life rather than losing her self-respect by becoming Rufus’s loyal mistress, and Rufus is also destroyed because he cannot recognize the necessity of respecting black women as equals instead of objects.

Contact between these two couples influences the dynamic between Dana and Kevin as well as Rufus and Alice. Dana, as a present day descendent of both the white master and the black slave, tries to approach Rufus from the position of an equal and convince Rufus to acknowledge Alice as a fellow human and true romantic partner. Yet the time that Dana and Kevin spend in the past also exposes their healthy marriage to the harmful effects of slavery on black-white relations. Butler emphasizes the physical similarities between Kevin and Rufus (as well as Rufus’s father Tom) as well as between Dana and Alice, stressing how interracial relationships in the present are not free from the legacies of oppression and privilege between the races in America. Butler acknowledges the unique conflicts that interracial couples face, yet also advocates for increased acceptance of interracial couples so that these couples can move forward in a more supportive atmosphere and provide crucial first steps to healing the racial divide in America. It is only when systems of oppression and privilege are not present that couples have a chance of stripping away the differences of race and racial experience in order to connect in a positive way. While this one healthy couple certainly doesn’t solve the centuries of pain that white masters inflicted on black slaves, Kevin and Dana do offer a future in which white and black people are equal and integrated and have a chance at an authentically loving relationship.

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Interracial Relationships Quotes in Kindred

Below you will find the important quotes in Kindred related to the theme of Interracial Relationships.

Prologue Quotes

I lost an arm on my last trip home. My left arm.
And I lost about a year of my life and much of the comfort and security I had not valued until it was gone. When the police released Kevin, he came to the hospital and stayed with me so that I would know I hadn't lost him too.

Related Characters: Dana (Edana) Franklin (speaker), Kevin Franklin
Related Symbols: Dana’s Lost Left Arm
Page Number and Citation: 9
Explanation and Analysis:
Dana loses her left arm on her final trip back from the past, though the prologue leaves the circumstances of this injury mysterious. What is clear from the start, though, is Dana’s attachment to Kevin. Even through the horrible things that Dana undergoes while living as a slave on her ancestor’s plantation, she never loses sight of the wonderful relationship she has with her husband, Kevin, even though Kevin is white. Through Kevin and Dana, Butler offers hope for healthy interracial relationships to thrive despite the many losses that African Americans, in particular, have to deal with even after slavery Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque

Chapter 2: The Fire Quotes

Alice Greenwood. How would she marry this boy? Or would it be marriage? And why hadn't someone in my family mentioned that Rufus Weylin was white? If they knew. Probably, they didn't. Hagar Weylin Blake had died in 1880, long before the time of any member of my family that I had known. No doubt most information about her life had died with her.

Related Characters: Dana (Edana) Franklin (speaker), Hagar Weylin, Alice Jackson (Greenwood), Rufus Weylin
Page Number and Citation: 28
Explanation and Analysis:
Dana slowly puts together that she is traveling into the past to save Rufus, a white boy in the Antebellum South who will someday begin Dana’s own family line, along with a black woman named Alice Greenwood. Recognizing that it would have been impossible at that time for Rufus and Alice to have had a legal marriage, Dana wonders how this interracial relationship actually played out. These mysteries are a part of many American families, as Butler points out how often family history becomes tangled even when modern Americans would rather believe that the story was simple. Dana, a black Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim

Chapter 3: The Fall Quotes

He had written and published three novels, he told me, and outside members of his family, he'd never met anyone who'd read one of them. They'd brought so little money that he'd gone on taking mindless jobs like this one at the warehouse, and he'd gone on writing—unreasonably, against the advice of saner people. He was like me—a kindred spirit crazy enough to keep on trying.

Related Characters: Dana (Edana) Franklin (speaker), Kevin Franklin
Page Number and Citation: 57
Explanation and Analysis:
Kevin and Dana meet while working day jobs at a warehouse they hate in order to fund their dreams of being authors. They build a relationship from this basis of shared desires and sense of “kindred spirits” (a phrase recalling the novel’s title and the theme of family and home), giving them a solid foundation from which to deal with the difficulties of having an interracial relationship. Dana and Kevin do not ignore the differences in their familial and cultural backgrounds, but they prioritize the ways that their personalities and values are similar. Each prize their freedom and independence as Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque

A place like this would endanger him in a way I didn't want to talk to him about. If he was stranded here for years, some part of this place would rub off on him. No large part, I knew. But if he survived here, it would be because he managed to tolerate the life here.

Related Characters: Dana (Edana) Franklin (speaker), Kevin Franklin
Page Number and Citation: 77
Explanation and Analysis:
When Kevin comes back to the past with Dana, Dana is very worried that Kevin might get stuck in the past alone if she transports back to the present without him. While Kevin, as a white male, will certainly be in less danger in the Antebellum South than Dana is herself, Kevin still faces significant peril the more time he spends in this harsh time period. Aside from the diseases and injuries that could hurt Kevin in the past, the poisonous atmosphere of this social climate might influence Kevin negatively against black people. In the present, Kevin has a strong Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consect

"This could be a great time to live in," Kevin said once. "I keep thinking what an experience it would be to stay in it—go West and watch the building of the country, see how much of the Old West mythology is true."
"West," I said bitterly. "That's where they're doing it to the Indians instead of the blacks!"
He looked at me strangely. He had been doing that a lot lately.

Related Characters: Dana (Edana) Franklin (speaker), Kevin Franklin (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 97
Explanation and Analysis:
As Kevin is less affected by the horrible practices of slavery, he is able to see more of the fascinating and potentially positive aspects of Dana’s time travel and living in the past. Kevin and Dana face many difficulties in the Antebellum South, but they also get a firsthand look at an interesting era of history. Kevin wants to push this interest further, finding out more about the American Old West in order to correct the historical record about life on the frontier where reliable surviving documents are often scarce. While Dana also sees the intellectual merit of their travels, Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore i

Chapter 4: The Fight Quotes

“She doesn't care much for white people, but she prefers light-skinned blacks. Figure that out. Anyway, she ‘forgives’ me for you. But my uncle doesn't. He's sort of taken this personally.”
“Personally, how?”
“He ... well, he's my mother's oldest brother, and he was like a father to me even before my mother died because my father died when I was a baby. Now ... it's as though I've rejected him. Or at least that's the way he feels. It bothered me, really. He was more hurt than mad.”

Related Characters: Dana (Edana) Franklin (speaker), Kevin Franklin (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 111
Explanation and Analysis:
When Dana and Kevin decided to get married, they faced opposition from each of their families. In 1976, interracial couples were still somewhat of a novelty and both Kevin and Dana’s relatives do not fully understand why each do not want someone “of their own kind.” Dana’s aunt and uncle also deal with the additional layer of internalized racism that prizes light black skin above darker black skin, as it is closer to the white “ideal.” As American society in general tells black people that black skin is undesirable and white skin is beautiful, Dana’s uncle is then somewhat understandably Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferend

I said nothing. I was beginning to realize that he loved the woman—to her misfortune. There was no shame in raping a black woman, but there could be shame in loving one.
"I didn't want to just drag her off into the bushes," said Rufus. "I never wanted it to be like that. But she kept saying no. I could have had her in the bushes years ago if that was all I wanted."
"I know," I said.
"If I lived in your time, I would have married her. Or tried to."

Related Characters: Rufus Weylin (speaker), Dana (Edana) Franklin (speaker), Alice Jackson (Greenwood), Kevin Franklin
Related Literary Devices:
Page Number and Citation: 124
Explanation and Analysis:
Rufus, Dana’s white ancestor, confesses to be in love with the free black woman Alice Greenwood and tries to compare his feelings to the interracial marriage between Dana and her white husband Kevin. Dana recognizes that Rufus believes that he truly cares for Alice, but questions whether any romantic relationship between a white slave holder and a black person can be healthy in this corrupt power dynamic. As Rufus has been socially conditioned not to respect the humanity and agency of black people, he works to own Alice rather than accepting Alice’s choice to be with another man. Rufus is Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate

Chapter 5: The Storm Quotes

"Christ," he muttered. "If I'm not home yet, maybe I don't have a home."… I could recall walking along the narrow dirt road that ran past the Weylin house and seeing the house, shadowy in twilight, boxy and familiar… I could recall feeling relief at seeing the house, feeling that I had come home. And having to stop and correct myself, remind myself that I was in an alien, dangerous place. I could recall being surprised that I would come to think of such a place as home.

Related Characters: Dana (Edana) Franklin (speaker), Kevin Franklin (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 190
Explanation and Analysis:
When Dana and Kevin return from the past for the third time (for Dana), they are surprised to find that they feel like the Weylin estate has become a kind of home for them. Kevin especially struggles with feeling out of place in the present after spending five years in the past without Dana. Though living in the past is far more difficult for each of them, due to both the day-to-day rigor of making a living in this time period and the harmful social atmosphere of slavery and inequality, there is also a sense of belonging at the Weylin Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corporis. Hic tempore laborum. Nisi quia ea. Quia soluta itaque. Deleniti nisi earum. Ad tenetur laboriosam. Eum accusamu

“I know what he means. He likes me in bed, and you out of bed, and you and I look alike if you can believe what people say.”
“We look alike if we can believe our own eyes!”
“I guess so. Anyway, all that means we're two halves of the same woman—at least in his crazy head.”

Related Characters: Alice Jackson (Greenwood) (speaker), Dana (Edana) Franklin (speaker), Rufus Weylin
Page Number and Citation: 228
Explanation and Analysis:
As Alice and Dana spend more time together, Rufus starts to regard the two women as two halves of a “wife,” though he is not legally married to either of them. He desires Alice physically and craves Dana’s company and help with running the Weylin estate. Rufus’s love for each woman is a complicated mix of ownership and obsession, as Rufus asserts himself as their master but also wants the women to adore him and be happy in his presence. Rufus is not content to rule through fear, hoping that Alice will forgive him for raping her and that Dana Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a des

Her names were only symbolic, but I had more than symbols to remind me that freedom was possible—probable—and for me, very near.
Or was it?
Slowly, I began to calm down. The danger to my family was past, yes. Hagar had been born. But the danger to me personally ... the danger to me personally still walked and talked and sometimes sat with Alice in her cabin in the evening as she nursed Hagar.

Related Characters: Dana (Edana) Franklin (speaker), Alice Jackson (Greenwood), Hagar Weylin, Joseph (Joe) Weylin, Rufus Weylin
Page Number and Citation: 234
Explanation and Analysis:
Alice finally gives birth to Hagar, her fourth child with her master Rufus and Dana’s many great-grandmother. Hagar’s existence means that Dana can stop worrying about protecting Rufus for the sake of her family line, and is somewhat free from her obligation as Rufus’s guardian. Yet though Dana may not ever have to come back to the past, she still has to deal with Rufus until she travels back to her life in the future. Rufus is a danger to Dana personally, with the power to hurt Dana as long as she lives on the Weylin estate. Alice also sees Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus poss

He gave me a long searching look. "You want to be with that white man, girl?"
"If I were anywhere else, no black child on the place would be learning anything."

"Some folks say ..."
"Hold on." I was suddenly angry. "I don't want to hear what 'some folks' say. 'Some folks' let Fowler drive them into the fields every day and work them like mules."
"Let him...?"
"Let him! They do it to keep the skin on their backs and breath in their bodies. Well, they're not the only ones who have to do things they don't like to stay alive and whole. Now you tell me why that should be so hard for 'some folks' to understand?"

Related Characters: Dana (Edana) Franklin (speaker), Sam Jones (speaker), Rufus Weylin
Related Literary Devices:
Page Number and Citation: 237
Explanation and Analysis:
Dana finally meets Sam, one of the field hands on the Weylin plantation, and discovers that the field hands think that she truly likes being with Rufus and taking advantage of the special “privileges” that come with being a favorite of the master. Most also assume that Dana is Rufus’s mistress, though Dana’s relationship to Rufus is far from sexual. Dana has used her influence as an advisor and parent figure to Rufus to start a school for the slave children on the estate and give them a chance at the education that will improve their lives after they are Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos.

Chapter 6: The Rope Quotes

A slave was a slave. Anything could be done to her. And Rufus was Rufus—erratic, alternately generous and vicious. I could accept him as my ancestor, my younger brother, my friend, but not as my master, and not as my lover. He had understood that once.

Related Characters: Dana (Edana) Franklin (speaker), Rufus Weylin
Page Number and Citation: 260
Explanation and Analysis:
The relationship between Dana and Rufus, always complicated, becomes even worse once Alice dies and Rufus expects Dana to take Alice’s place as his mistress. Throughout the novel, Dana has refused to submit herself entirely to Rufus’s will, reminding Rufus that he is also under her control, even though Dana has to pose as Rufus’s slave in order to survive in the Antebellum South. Dana feels connected to Rufus as he is her ancestor, and tries to keep Rufus safe because of that bond. In return, Rufus has to maintain some basic respect for Dana and remember that she will Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omni