Roald Dahl was born in 1916 in Cardiff, Wales; his parents were Norwegian immigrants. His school experiences, recorded in his autobiography
Boy: Tales of Childhood, inspired many of his later works, including
Matilda,
The Witches, and
Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. During the Second World War, Dahl joined the Royal Air Force (RAF): his experiences there, as detailed in his second autobiography
Going Solo, ultimately culminated in him being sent home to the UK. He was then sent to Washington, DC on behalf of the British Embassy; there, he began to publish short stories for the first time. He quickly became known for his children’s writing: his first children’s book,
The Gremlins, draws on his experiences in the RAF as well. He is known for some of the most beloved English-language children’s books, including
The BFG and
James and the Giant Peach. He also wrote short stories for adults and screenplays. Dahl was also a well-known philanthropist, especially for children’s causes: he promoted measles immunizations, advocated for literacy campaigns, and donated to medical charities for dyslexia. At the time of his death in 1990, he was 74 years old; his legacy continues today through his descendants and many organizations, like Roald Dahl’s Marvellous Children’s Charity, created in his honor.