The Fifth Child
by Doris Lessing
Themes and Colors
Nature vs. Nurture Theme Icon
Idealism vs. Pragmatism Theme Icon
Conformity and Otherness Theme Icon
Biological Families vs. Nontraditional Families Theme Icon
Happiness vs. Contentment Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in The Fifth Child, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Idealism vs. Pragmatism Theme Icon
Idealism vs. Pragmatism Theme Icon

Throughout The Fifth Child, Harriet and David struggle to figure out how to be pragmatic in a difficult situation. However, their individual interpretations of what constitutes pragmatic action diverges as the novel progresses: Harriet interprets the magnitude of Ben’s troubles to mean that she should, in the name of pragmatism, focus her energy on him, while David takes a wider view of the situation, thinking it practical to focus on their other children and give up their idealist hopes of integrating Ben into family life. The novel’s ambiguity about which actions are idealistic and which are pragmatic shows the difficulty of knowing, in the moment, what’s right. Despite this ambiguity, though, Lessing seems to ultimately imply that David’s approach—basing actions on a wide view of a situation—leads to better results.

At the beginning of the book, Harriet and David are two very practical people who find they have a common impractical desire between them: to raise a large family with as many as ten children. They marry quickly and buy a big, expensive home that they can only hope to afford if they work for at least two years before having children. While this plan may seem pragmatic, David and Harriet display their underlying idealism when Harriet quickly becomes pregnant—instead of downsizing, they decide they’ll “manage somehow,” despite the mortgage being beyond them. Almost immediately, they diverge from the pragmatic plan they have set out for themselves, believing naively that everything will work out because they are so happy together.

In this moment, Lessing also begins to distinguish between Harriet and David’s diverging pragmatism. While David is committed to working as much as possible to get the family back on track financially, Harriet seems content to accept financial help from David’s father and help with childcare from her mother. After Ben is born, these differences between Harriet and David’s ideas of pragmatism become even more pronounced. When Ben sprains his brother’s arm, kills both a small dog and a cat, and then makes gestures toward strangling a larger dog, David’s stepfather Frederick insists that there is no other choice than to put Ben in an institution because of the danger he poses to others. This is a decision based solely on pragmatism: he believes it is better to save the other children than to save only one. Harriet, still hoping that her child might be saved, is unable to accept this decision, and so David takes charge of arranging an institution to take Ben. When a car comes to take Ben away, it is David who has packed his bags and who wrestles him into the vehicle, taking the advice of the more practical members of their extended family.

Harriet and David experience the ideal family environment after Ben is taken away, enjoying their children in a way they’ve been unable to before. Harriet, however, is troubled by the idea of how Ben might be treated in the institution and she insists on visiting him. When she arrives, she finds Ben naked but for a straightjacket on a urine-soaked cot, drugged and unconscious. It becomes clear to her that he will die quickly in this place, and she decides to bring him home. Though she finds this choice pragmatic (due to her narrow view, which considers only Ben’s needs), David considers this to be an idealistic decision based on a fantasy that Ben can be rehabilitated and coming at the expense of every other member of the family.

Once Ben returns home, chaos reigns and the family is ripped apart. With Harriet’s version of pragmatism beating out David’s, each of the other children becomes consumed by fear and frustration at Ben and, one by one, they leave the house. Meanwhile, though Harriet maintains her hope that Ben might find a way of existing in the world with compassion and purpose, Ben remains indifferent to the family, falling into the company of a street gang. This tragic ending implies that, though neither the choice to leave Ben in the institution nor the choice to bring him home would have been ideal, pragmatism that takes into account the sum total of factors in a situation, rather than narrowly focusing on one aspect, would have had better results.

Related Themes from Other Texts
Compare and contrast themes from other texts to this theme…

Idealism vs. Pragmatism ThemeTracker

The ThemeTracker below shows where, and to what degree, the theme of Idealism vs. Pragmatism appears in each section of The Fifth Child. Click or tap on any chapter to read its Summary & Analysis.
How often theme appears:
section length:
Get the entire The Fifth Child LitChart as a printable PDF.
"My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." -Graham S.
The Fifth Child PDF

Idealism vs. Pragmatism Quotes in The Fifth Child

Below you will find the important quotes in The Fifth Child related to the theme of Idealism vs. Pragmatism.

Pages 3 – 33 Quotes

She knew his look of watchful apartness mirrored her own. She judged his humorous air to be an effort. He was making similar mental comments about her: she seemed to dislike these occasions as much as he did. Both had found out who the other was.

Related Characters: David Lovatt, Harriet Lovatt
Page Number and Citation: 4
Explanation and Analysis:
When Harriet views David for the first time at the office Christmas party she identifies with him immediately. Neither one is having a good time and they can tell the other feels the same. The final sentence of the quote oversimplifies the ease with which one might come to know another person. Over the course of the book, the way these two understand each other will flourish and then fade as they come to see other aspects of their spouse’s personality emerge based on their circumstances. In this moment, they identify themselves as being likeminded to each other, but different Dolorem et quae. Exercit

But they meant to have a lot of children. Both, somewhat defiantly, because of the enormity of their demands on the future, announced they “would not mind” a lot of children. “Even four, or five…” “Or six,” said David. “Or six!” said Harriet, laughing to the point of tears from relief.

Related Characters: Harriet Lovatt, David Lovatt
Related Symbols: The Victorian House
Page Number and Citation: 8
Explanation and Analysis:
David and Harriet, upon finding the large house of their dreams, reveal here that they’re both interested in having a big family. The one-upmanship of David and Harriet in this quote shows the way their desires feed off of one another and multiply. While both want several children, it’s almost as though they challenge each other’s limits in suggesting more and more, finding confidence and assurance in the fact that the other doesn’t oppose the idea. The entitlement with which they approach their future is apparent in their expectation that they will be affluent and capable enough to have the Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occae

She did not realize, as David did, how annoyed these two parents were. Aiming, like all their kind, at an appearance of unconformity, they were in fact the essence of convention, and disliked any manifestation of the spirit of exaggeration, of excess. This house was that.

Related Characters: David Lovatt, Frederick , Molly , Harriet Lovatt
Related Symbols: The Victorian House
Page Number and Citation: 12
Explanation and Analysis:
In this scene, Molly and Frederick, David’s mother and stepfather, arrive to look at the house and immediately understand that David and Harriet expect to fill it with a large family. Advanced in age, previously divorced, living a financially modest life together, and viewing themselves as iconoclastic academics, Molly and Frederick see themselves as more progressive in their views, though Harriet and David are the ones who feel eccentric in this moment, since Molly and Frederick are clearly questioning the wisdom (and even the excessive optics) of buying such a large house and filling it with children. While Harriet is Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem.

“You want things both ways. The aristocracy—yes, they can have children like rabbits, and expect to, but they have the money for it. And poor people can have children, and half of them die, and expect to. But people like us, in the middle, we have to be careful about the children we have so we can look after them.”

Related Characters: Dorothy (speaker), Harriet Lovatt, David Lovatt
Page Number and Citation: 16
Explanation and Analysis:
Immediately preceding this, Harriet and David have made the case to Harriet’s mother, Dorothy that it is normal in plenty of cultures to have very large families. Dorothy, visiting for the first time and also understanding the grand, if impractical plans that David and Harriet have for their family life because of the size of the hosue, warns David and Harriet of the immense amount of work it takes to raise a family and why the middle class must be the especially careful about the choices they make. Dorothy is a voice of practicality throughout the novel. She speaks from Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dol

Happiness. A happy family. The Lovatts were a happy family. It was what they had chosen and what they deserved.

Related Characters: Harriet Lovatt, Helen Lovatt, Jane Lovatt, David Lovatt, Luke Lovatt
Page Number and Citation: 21
Explanation and Analysis:
This reflection comes from the united point of view of David and Harriet after their third daughter Jane has been born in quick succession to the others. Harriet and David remain very much in love, convinced that their happiness is the result of their will and effort, rather than good luck or the beneficence of their parents. The verbiage of “happiness” rather than “contentment” is especially important, indicating that it’s ecstatic bliss that colors their every day life instead of a more everyday satisfaction. The repetition of the word “happy” also serves to reinforce the way in which the Lovatts Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Evenie

Harriet said to David, privately, that she did not believe was bad luck: Sarah and William’s unhappiness, their quarrelling, had probably attracted the mongol child—yes, yes, of course she knew one shouldn’t call them mongol[…]David disliked this trait of Harriet’s, a fatalism that seemed so at odds with the rest of her. He said he thought this was silly hysterical thinking: Harriet sulked and they had to make up.

Related Characters: Harriet Lovatt, Sarah , William , David Lovatt, Amy
Page Number and Citation: 22
Explanation and Analysis:
Harriet voices this opinion privately to David after her sister Sarah complains that she and her husband are the recipients of the family’s bad luck when they have a disabled child. Harriet doesn’t believe in luck and this marks one of the first divisions between Harriet and David’s outlooks. In the same way that Harriet believes she and David have earned the happiness of their family, she believes that her sister has brought unhappiness on herself. David’s refusal to take Harriet seriously is also another first in the book. Throughout, Harriet believes that her opinions are not taken seriously and Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veni

“This is what everyone wants, really, but we’ve been brainwashed out of it. People want to live like this, really.”

Related Characters: Harriet Lovatt (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 27
Explanation and Analysis:
Harriet voices this opinion after her brother-in-law William has told Harriet she shouldn’t have more children. Paul has just been born, and the entire family appears judgmental of Harriet and David’s decision to have four children in such quick succession. The subtext of the fight is that, if Harriet and Paul are to continue having children, each child risks being born with a defect, as Amy was. Harriet defends their choices, offended by her relatives’ judgment, and lashes out by accusing the others of being incapable of attaining such happiness and being repressed in their desire for a larger family. Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliqu

Pages 33 – 74 Quotes

“The trouble is, you get used to hell,” said Harriet. “After a day with Ben I feel as if nothing exists but him. As if nothing has ever existed. I suddenly realize I haven’t remembered the others for hours. I forgot their supper yesterday. Dorothy went to the pictures, and I came down and found Helen cooking their supper.”

Related Characters: David Lovatt, Harriet Lovatt, Ben Lovatt, Helen Lovatt
Related Symbols: The Institution
Page Number and Citation: 65
Explanation and Analysis:
In bed after Dorothy suggests Ben needs to be institutionalized, Harriet reasons to David that she has become accustomed to the situation, even while she realizes it’s a disservice to the other children to spend all of her time on Ben. Harriet’s pragmatic approach to caring for Ben is also a type of idealism, hoping the attention she lavishes on him might result in a child that is closer in demeanor to the others, despite the fact that there is no evidence that this could ever occur. In some ways, it’s as though, when Harriet allows herself to focus solely Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Ape

She thought it not without significance, as they say, that it was Frederick who said, “Now look here, Harriet, you’ve got to face it, he’s got to go into an institution.”

“Then we have to find a doctor who says he’s abnormal,” said Harriet. “Dr. Brett certainly won’t.”

Related Characters: Dr. Brett , Frederick , Harriet Lovatt
Related Symbols: The Institution
Page Number and Citation: 71
Explanation and Analysis:
Though Dorothy had previously recommended that Harriet and David institutionalize Ben, it’s only after Ben attempts to kill a third pet that the recommendation is offered again and taken more seriously. The entire family witnesses this attempt and feels that the threat Ben poses to the rest of them can no longer be ignored. Frederick, David’s stepfather, is the one who is willing to take the blame for voicing such a suggestion, though he knows he will have the support of the others. Harriet, having already attempted to have Ben diagnosed, feels slighted for her family’s suggestion that having Ben Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptat

Pages 74 – 96 Quotes

“It’s either him or us,” said David to Harriet. He added, his voice full of cold dislike for Ben, “He’s probably just dropped in from Mars. He’s going back to report on what he’s found down here.” He laughed—cruelly, it seemed to Harriet, who was silently taking in the fact—which of course she had half known already—that Ben was not expected to live long in this institution, whatever it was.

“He’s a little child,” she said. “He’s our child.”

“No he’s not,” said David, finally. “Well, he certainly isn’t mine.”

Related Characters: Harriet Lovatt, Ben Lovatt, David Lovatt
Related Symbols: The Victorian House
Page Number and Citation: 74
Explanation and Analysis:
When it’s revealed that Molly and Frederick have found an institution that will take Ben without a diagnosis, Harriet is surprised at the speed and callousness with which her family has found a way to remove Ben from the house. David immediately detaches from Ben, identifying him as an alien who will not only be removed from their everyday life, but also from their worlds entirely. Harriet, faced with the reality of the situation, knows that the care in these institutions is poor and that Ben’s predilection for destruction, including self-harm, will surely end him sooner rather than later if Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptate

While she was part of the general relief, and could hardly believe she had been able to stand such strain, and for so long, she could not banish Ben from her mind. It was not with love, or even affection, that she thought of him, and she disliked herself for not being able to find one little spark of normal feeling: it was guilt and horror that kept her awake through the nights.

Related Characters: Ben Lovatt, Harriet Lovatt
Page Number and Citation: 77
Explanation and Analysis:
While the rest of the family is able to put Ben out of their minds after he is taken away, Harriet is unable to follow suit. While she does not experience the feelings she believes she is supposed to—loving and missing her child—she does feel a devotion to her duty as a mother and an inability to live with herself knowing what she’s done, emotions she is confused to find absent in the rest of her family. Despite the idealistic environment resulting from Ben’s absence, she can’t help but strive for the next level ideal: all of them being home Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia ape

She cried out, “Yes, but you didn’t see it, you didn’t see—!”

“I was careful not to see,” he said. “What did you suppose was going to happen? That they were going to turn him into some well-adjusted member of society and then everything would be lovely?” He was jeering at her, but it was because his throat was stiff with tears.

Now they looked at each other, long, hard, seeing everything about each other. She thought, All right, he was right, and I was wrong. But it’s done.

She said aloud, “All right, but it’s done.”

“That’s the mot juste, I think.”

Related Characters: Ben Lovatt, David Lovatt, Harriet Lovatt
Related Symbols: The Institution
Page Number and Citation: 87
Explanation and Analysis:
After Harriet arrives home from the institution with Ben, David is furious at Harriet for having undone what he believes was the positive change of removing Ben from family life. Harriet insists that her actions were pragmatic and unavoidable after seeing the conditions of Ben’s life there, but David argues that the pragmatism needed to start earlier, preventing her from visiting the institution in the first place. When Harriet sees David’s point, she argues that they haven’t any choice but to care for Ben now, and David calls out that this decision marks the beginning of the end of their Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. I

David came back to sleep in the connubial room. There was a distance between them. David had made and now kept this distance because Harriet had hurt him so badly: she understood this. Harriet informed him that she was now on the Pill: for both it was a bleak moment, because of everything they had been, had stood for, in the past, which had made it impossible for her to be on the Pill. They had felt it deeply wrong so to tamper with the processes of Nature! Nature—they now reminded themselves they once felt—was at some level or other to be relied upon.

Related Characters: David Lovatt, Harriet Lovatt
Page Number and Citation: 92
Explanation and Analysis:
After Harriet invites John to care for Ben, and Ben is mostly absent from family life, Harriet and David are able to restore some of their care for one another even if the intimacy is mostly gone. Their fear over becoming pregnant accidentally and producing another child like Ben has forced Harriet to take the Pill, something that they were both opposed to, even when it was being widely embraced during the Sexual Revolution. Harriet’s surrender to medical intervention to prevent the outcome that Nature intends is a 180-degree shift from the views they held early on in their relationship. Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi

But the last thing before they slept, the other children locked their doors quietly from inside. This meant Harriet could not go to them to see how they were before she went to bed, or if they were sick. She did not like to ask them not to lock their doors, nor make a big thing of it by calling in a locksmith and having special locks fitted, openable from the outside by an adult with a key. The business of the children locking themselves in made her feel excluded, forever shut out and repudiated by them. Sometimes she went softly to one of their doors and whispered to be let in, and she was admitted, and there was a little festival of kisses and hugs—but they were thinking of Ben, who might come in…and several times he did arrive silently in the door way and stare in at the scene, which he could not understand.

Related Characters: Harriet Lovatt, Ben Lovatt
Page Number and Citation: 95
Explanation and Analysis:
The way Harriet’s commitment to allowing Ben to remain incorporated into family life distances her from the children becomes physicalized here in the locked door that divides her from her children. While the door protects the children from Ben, it also deprives them of the nurturing that Harriet has to offer them, and even when she is allowed to be affectionate with them, she senses a metaphorical barrier between them, one prompted by the fear of Ben. Harriet’s refusal to go to the trouble of having special locks installed is notable because of all of the trouble that she’s gone Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Ac

Pages 96 – 133 Quotes

“We are being punished, that’s all.”

“What for?” he demanded, already on guard because there was a tone in her voice he hated.

“For presuming. For thinking we could be happy. Happy because we decided we would be.”

“Rubbish,” he said. Angry: this Harriet made him angry. “It was chance. Anyone could have got Ben. It was a chance gene, that’s all.”

“I don’t think so,” she stubbornly held on. “We were going to be happy! No one else is, or I never seem to meet them, but we were going to be. And so down came the thunderbolt.”

Related Characters: David Lovatt, Ben Lovatt, Harriet Lovatt
Page Number and Citation: 117-118
Explanation and Analysis:
This exchange between David and Harriet is the ultimate expression of Harriet’s fatalist strain. While she had earlier blamed Sarah for Amy’s disability, here, too, Harriet takes on the same responsibility for Ben’s problems. Their arrogance in believing it was their right to be happy has prompted the universe to deliver them misery. David, on the other hand, believes Ben’s presence in their life was completely out of their control, not even acknowledging that he is a product of their genes. Both parties refuse to see that they might have taken different actions to result in a different outcome. Either Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi.