The Island of Missing Trees

The Island of Missing Trees

by Elif Shafak

Defne Character Analysis

Defne and Kostas begin a relationship in Cyprus when Defne is 17 and Kostas is 18. Because of rising tensions between the Turkish and Greek populations in Cyprus, Defne and Kostas keep their relationship a secret (Defne is a Turkish Muslim and Kostas is a Greek Christian). In 1974, Defne gives birth to a child, Yusuf Yiorgos, after Kostas leaves Cyprus. Defne and Kosta eventually reunite in the early 2000s and then move to England together, where they have a daughter, Ada. As an adult, Defne works as an archaeologist for the Committee on Missing Persons (CMP), an organization that aims to find the bodies of people who went missing during the 1974 violence in Cyprus. Defne’s job, and her character as a whole, highlight the novel’s themes of human rights and justice. Despite great obstacles and the emotional toll of her work, Defne continues to seek justice to help cultures and societies heal from, and avoid repeating, the violence of the past. That work, though, along with the violence Defne witnessed in Cyprus, are a heavy burden for Defne to bear. According to Kostas, Defne ends her life because she can no longer carry the weight of that past and those memories. With that in mind, Defne’s story adds to the novel’s examination of the far-reaching effects of trauma and the cycle of violence and suffering it perpetuates.

Defne Quotes in The Island of Missing Trees

The The Island of Missing Trees quotes below are all either spoken by Defne or refer to Defne. For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
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).

Part 1, Chapter 1: A Girl Named Island, England, late 2010s Quotes

So many times in her past she had suspected that she carried within a sadness that was not quite her own. In science class they had learned that everyone inherited one chromosome from their mother and one from their father—long threads of DNA with thousands of genes that built billions of neurons and trillions of connections between them. All that genetic information passed from parents to offspring—survival, growth, reproduction, the colour of your hair, the shape of your nose, whether you had freckles or sneezed in sunlight—everything was in there. But none of that answered the one question burning in her mind: was it also possible to inherit something as intangible and immeasurable as sorrow?

Related Characters: Ada, Defne
Page Number and Citation: 18
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Part 1, Chapter 4: Fig Tree Quotes

Not a very sensible thing to do, I admit, to fall for someone who is not of your kind, someone who will only complicate your life, disrupt your routine and mess with your sense of stability and rootedness. But, then again, anyone who expects love to be sensible has perhaps never loved.

Related Characters: The Fig Tree (speaker), Kostas, Defne
Page Number and Citation: 32
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Part 2, Chapter 1: Lovers, Cyprus, 1974 Quotes

For it is a land without borders, a lover’s body. You discover it, not at once, but step by anxious step, losing your way, your sense of direction, treading its sunlit valleys and rolling fields, finding it warm and welcoming, and then, hidden in quiet corners, running into caverns invisible and unexpected, pits where you stumble and cut yourself.

Related Characters: Defne, Kostas
Page Number and Citation: 78
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Part 2, Chapter 8: Fig Tree Quotes

Where there is trauma, look for signs, for there are always signs. Cracks that appear in our trunks, splits that won’t heal, leaves that display autumn colours in spring, bark that peals like unmoulted skin. But no matter what kind of trouble it may be going through, a tree always knows that it is linked to endless life forms—from honey fungus, the largest living thing, down to the smallest bacteria and archaea—and that its existence is not an isolated happenstance but intrinsic to a wider community. Even trees of different species show solidarity with one another regardless of their differences, which is more than you can say for so many humans.

Related Characters: The Fig Tree (speaker), Defne
Page Number and Citation: 100
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Part 3, Chapter 10: Definition of Love, Cyprus, 1974 Quotes

When we left the tavern… the moon, the smell of your hair, your hand in my hair, your hand in my hand, after all the horror when we realized we had only each other to depend on.

You know what I’ve been thinking since? I’ve been thinking that you are my country. Is that a strange thing to say? Without you, I don’t have a home in the world; I am a felled tree, my roots severed all around; you can topple me with the touch of a finger.

Related Characters: Kostas (speaker), Defne
Page Number and Citation: 183
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Part 4, Chapter 3: Remains of Love, Cyprus, early 2000s Quotes

[Kostas] asked, cautiously, “And the missing you’ve found here, were they Greeks or Turks?”

“They were islanders,” [Defne] said and there was a sharp edge to her voice then. “Islanders, like us.”

Overhearing, David interjected. “That’s the thing, my friend. You don’t know until you send the bones to a lab and get a report. When you hold a skull in your hands, can you tell if it’s a Christian or Muslim? All that bloodshed, for what? Stupid, stupid wars.”

Related Characters: Defne (speaker), Kostas (speaker), David (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 206
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Part 4, Chapter 5: Butterflies and Bones, Cyprus, early 2000s Quotes

David turned to Kostas. “The Nuremberg trials were a landmark. That’s when people realized how random and widespread violence actually is. Neighbours turning against neighbours, friends selling out friends. Now that’s a different kind of evil, one that we still haven’t come to grips with as humanity. It’s a difficult subject across the world—the acts of barbarity that happen off the battlefield.”

Related Characters: David (speaker), Defne, Kostas
Page Number and Citation: 213
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Part 6, Chapter 6: The Hidden, London, late 2010s Quotes

“The tree was being strangled by its own roots. Because it was happening under the earth, it was undetectable. If the encircling roots are not found in time, they start putting pressure on the tree and it just becomes too much to bear.”

Ada was silent.

“Your mother loved you very much, more than anything in this world. Her death had nothing to do with the absence of love. She was blooming and thriving with your love, and I’d like to believe with mine, too, but underneath, something was strangling her—the past, the memories, the roots.”

Related Characters: Kostas (speaker), Ada, Defne
Page Number and Citation: 334
Explanation and Analysis:
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Defne Character Timeline in The Island of Missing Trees

The timeline below shows where the character Defne appears in The Island of Missing Trees. The colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance.
Part 1, Chapter 4: Fig Tree
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...was tense. She expected airport officials to search Kostas’s luggage at any point. Kostas’s wife, Defne, walked beside them, pregnant with Ada at the time. The tree hasn’t returned to Cyprus... (full context)
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...He doesn’t want her to see another burial after they so recently buried her mom, Defne. After Defne fell into a coma, Kostas would come to the garden and cry beside... (full context)
Part 1, Chapter 11: Fig Tree
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...of a ritual for the dead. In this case, the ritual is for Meryem’s sister, Defne. The ceremony aims to guide loved ones to safety. The tree says that in many... (full context)
Part 1, Chapter 12: Banquet
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...Meryem says that she made a promise to her parents that she would never see Defne, Kostas, or Ada. Now that both of Meryem’s parents have passed away, one of the... (full context)
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...that doesn’t excuse the fact that Meryem and her family completely cut off communication with Defne, Kostas, and Ada. Meryem didn’t even go to her funeral, Ada says. Ada then leaves... (full context)
Part 2, Chapter 1: Lovers, Cyprus, 1974
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In the middle of the night, Defne changes from her pajamas into a skirt, puts on earrings, and sneaks out of her... (full context)
Part 2, Chapter 3: Shelter, Cyprus, 1974
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The next time Defne and Kostas meet at their usual spot, after the night when they exchanged gifts, Defne... (full context)
Part 2, Chapter 5: Tavern, Cyprus, 1974
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When Defne and Kostas walk into The Happy Fig together for the first time, Defne sees the... (full context)
Part 2, Chapter 6: Fig Tree
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The fig tree says that on that night, when she first met Defne, she had nothing to worry about; her figs were delicious and her leaves were green.... (full context)
Part 2, Chapter 9: Words Fly, Cyprus, 1974
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One day after Kostas and Defne have gone together to The Happy Fig for the first time, Kostas walks into the... (full context)
Part 2, Chapter 14: Music Box, London, late 2010s
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...with butterflies engraved on the cover. “Your mom loved butterflies,” Meryem says. She explains that Defne left the music box behind when she left home after their mother found out about... (full context)
Part 2, Chapter 18: Baklava, London, late 2010s
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...Meryem’s ex-husband, and Meryem says that theirs wasn’t a marriage of love, unlike Kostas and Defne’s. Meryem explains that because of the political divisions, at some point, Defne’s family had stopped... (full context)
Part 3, Chapter 2: Fig Tree
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...moment, Kostas understands that Yiorgos and Yusuf are even more at risk than he and Defne.   (full context)
Part 3, Chapter 3: Hear Me, London, late 2010s
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...want to talk about it. She tries to talk to Kostas about when he and Defne came to England, but he doesn’t want to talk about the past. Ada asks why... (full context)
Part 3, Chapter 5: The Moon, Cyprus, May 1974
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Kostas arrives late the next time he and Defne meet at The Happy Fig. Defne tells him that her father is in the hospital,... (full context)
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Kostas gets up to get water for himself and Defne. While he is walking, someone throws a homemade pipe bomb from a passing motorbike into... (full context)
Part 3, Chapter 10: Definition of Love, Cyprus, 1974
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Defne and Kostas haven’t seen each other since the night of the explosion. In the meantime,... (full context)
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...his mother when she said he was going to London. He had wanted to tell Defne the news that he would be leaving in person but couldn’t find her. In the... (full context)
Part 3, Chapter 11: Foreigner, London, July-August 1974
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...to work in their grocery store, and the busy days make Kostas’s time away from Defne a little more bearable. A week after his arrival, Kostas hears that a military force... (full context)
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Kostas tries everything he can think of to reach Defne. At first, he reaches Yiorgos and Yusuf, but then they strangely stop responding. Finally, Kostas... (full context)
Part 4, Chapter 2: A Thousand Thorns, Cyprus, early 2000s
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...it that he has come for his work as a botanist. He aims to find Defne as soon as possible. If he puts off looking for her, he’s afraid he’ll lose... (full context)
Part 4, Chapter 3: Remains of Love, Cyprus, early 2000s
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...and arrives early. When David arrives, he’s happy to see Kostas and says he knows Defne well. “Come, I’ll take you to her. It’s just five minutes away,” David says. He... (full context)
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David says that he, Kostas, and Defne should go out to dinner tonight. They plan to go to a tavern but not... (full context)
Part 4, Chapter 5: Butterflies and Bones, Cyprus, early 2000s
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When Kostas arrives at the tavern, David and Defne are already sitting at a table, along with a third person, Maria-Fernanda, who does forensic... (full context)
Part 4, Chapter 6: Restless Mind, Cyprus, early 2000s
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...goes to the dig site the next morning and finds the team already at work. Defne and Kostas talk about Defne’s work. After a while, Kostas asks, “Why did you not... (full context)
Part 4, Chapter 7: Picnic, Cyprus, early 2000s
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That night, Kostas meets Defne, and the two walk through the streets to a hill. “Hope you don’t mind having... (full context)
Part 4, Chapter 9: Psychic, Cyprus, early 2000s
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In Cyprus in the early 2000s, Kostas meets Defne and Meryem in front of Büyük Han, a historical inn that is now an arts,... (full context)
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When Defne, Kostas, and Meryem leave the psychic’s house, Defne runs up ahead, distraught. She thinks the... (full context)
Part 4, Chapter 11: Ancient Soul, Cyprus, early 2000s
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...of them knock him down and then kick him on the ground. The next day, Defne comes to visit. When Kostas comes to the lobby, he’s bruised and hobbling. Defne looks... (full context)
Part 5, Chapter 1: Fig Tree
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The day after Defne visited Kostas at the hotel, the butterflies from North Africa arrived in Cyprus. Many of... (full context)
Part 5, Chapter 2: Riddles, Cyprus, early 2000s
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Kostas wakes up in bed at the hotel beside Defne to the sound of the phone ringing. It’s Dr. Norman. When Kostas asks what happened... (full context)
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In 1974, Defne visits Dr. Norman and asks him to perform an abortion. She knows she’s running out... (full context)
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Yusuf and Yiorgos offer to help as soon as Defne asks. They push three tables together at The Happy Fig to serve as an operating... (full context)
Part 5, Chapter 3: Fig Tree
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...tree and told her that she had repeatedly bitten a baby named Yusuf Yiorgos Robinson, Defne’s baby who had been adopted by a British couple. Yusuf Yiorgos died soon after of... (full context)
Part 5, Chapter 4: Soldiers and Babies, Cyprus, early 2000s
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At The Happy Fig on the day Defne is set to have an abortion, she hears a commotion outside after Yusuf and Yiorgos... (full context)
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Defne never sees Yusuf or Yiorgos again. After that, she decides that she’ll have the baby... (full context)
Part 5, Chapter 6: Ammonite, Cyprus, early 2000s
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Kostas and Defne go to the military cemetery, and Kostas sees where his son, Yusuf Yiorgos, is buried... (full context)
Part 5, Chapter 8: Portable Roots, Cyprus, early 2000s
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After visiting the castle, Defne and Kostas go to The Happy Fig because Kostas wants to check on the fig... (full context)
Part 5, Chapter 9: Fig Tree
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...recently overheard in a nearby lab. A scientist named Eleni spoke on the phone with Defne. Eleni said that there had been a DNA match and she thought she knew where... (full context)
Part 5, Chapter 10: Little Miracles, Cyprus/London, early 2000s
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...and takes a cutting from one of its healthy branches. When they arrive in London, Defne and Kostas plant that cutting. When the clipping sprouts leaves, Kostas is overjoyed, and Defne... (full context)
Part 6, Chapter 2: Silences, London, early 2000s
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Nine months after Ada’s birth, Defne goes back to working with the CMP. She travels to different homes in the London... (full context)
Part 6, Chapter 4: Ways of Seeing, London, late 2010s
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...his study, Kostas works on the book he’s writing. While working, he remembers the week Defne died. That week, he had been in Australia researching whether trees that had survived wildfires... (full context)
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...late 2010s, Kostas leaves his study. He knows that Ada has been pulling away. If Defne were still alive, he thinks she would tell him to fight for his relationship with... (full context)
Part 6, Chapter 6: The Hidden, London, late 2010s
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...In the kitchen, Kostas makes them both the toasties sandwiches, and Ada asks him about Defne’s death. Ada says that Defne was drinking a lot and took pills while Kostas was... (full context)
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...strangled by its own roots,” Kostas says. He says that something did the same to Defne. Her past, her memories, something subterranean cut her off from the love she needed to... (full context)
Part 6, Chapter 9: Fig Tree
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...tree, which then fell inexplicably in love with her husband. Unlike the Daphne of myth, Defne sought refuge in a tree to hold onto love rather than avoid it. Defne says... (full context)