Yellowface

by R. F. Kuang
Themes and Colors
Critique of the Publishing Industry Theme Icon
Identity, Power, and Privilege Theme Icon
Social Media and Cancel Culture Theme Icon
Ambition, Success, and Notoriety  Theme Icon
Loss, Grief, and Guilt Theme Icon
Revenge and Retribution Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in Yellowface, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Loss, Grief, and Guilt Theme Icon
Loss, Grief, and Guilt Theme Icon

The two characters at the heart of Yellowface, frenemies and professional rivals Athena Liu and June Hayward, have both experienced ample suffering and loss in their lives. Both lost a father; neither has many close friends; both suffer the pain and stigma of being an outsider, Athena as a Chinese American woman and June as a published but generally unsuccessful writer. Both women draw on traumatic experiences (their own and those of others) as artistic fuel, but their unwillingness or inability to confront and face their own grief generates most of the book’s drama—and a lot of collateral damage.

Rather than processing grief, Athena attempts to transform and purify it by making into art. But without recognizing or honoring the pain she “vampirizes” (to use June’s word), Athena causes further harm to the people around her. She steals June’s near-rape story and exposes it, clumsily anonymized, to the world. Athena’s mother is so leery of seeing her own pain reflected at her that she refuses to look at Athena’s notebooks. Notably, Mrs. Liu tells June that Athena refused to make herself vulnerable in her own relationships, testifying to a deep and intense loneliness and insecurity that June recognizes. For her part, June seems to believe that she’s dealt with her grief—or at least learned enough coping mechanisms from Dr. Gaily. But she continually ruminates on the trauma and wrongs she feels she’s suffered, from her father’s death and subsequent changes in her family to her complicated history with Athena, in ways that suggest she’s stuck. She continually sees herself as a victim, even when she’s the one in the wrong. Because she refuses to take responsibility for her actions or to acknowledge either grief and guilt, Athena, Athena’s legacy, and June’s own painful past haunt her mercilessly. And grief and guilt can do the same, the book suggests, to anyone who fails to healthily confront and process them. 

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Loss, Grief, and Guilt ThemeTracker

The ThemeTracker below shows where, and to what degree, the theme of Loss, Grief, and Guilt appears in each chapter of Yellowface. Click or tap on any chapter to read its Summary & Analysis.
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Loss, Grief, and Guilt Quotes in Yellowface

Below you will find the important quotes in Yellowface related to the theme of Loss, Grief, and Guilt.

Chapter 3 Quotes

Fine. Here’s how I really felt, when things came down to it.

At Yale, I once dated a graduate student from the philosophy department who did population ethics. […] Some of his arguments were a little extreme—he didn’t think, for instance, that there is any moral obligation to follow wills of the deceased if there is an overriding interest in redistributing wealth elsewhere, or that there are strong moral objections to using cemetery grounds for, say, housing for the poor. The general theme of his research was under what circumstances someone counts as a moral agent that deserves consideration. I didn’t understand much of his work, but his central argument was quite compelling: we owe nothing to the dead.

Especially when the dead are thieves and liars, too.

And fuck it, I’ll just say it: taking Athena’s manuscript felt like reparations, payback for the things that Athena took from me.

Related Characters: June Hayward (Juniper Song) (speaker), Brett , Athena Liu
Related Symbols: The Last Front
Page Number and Citation: 9
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 6 Quotes

I have to steel myself before I walk through the doors. My publisher for Over the Sycamore set up a “multi-city” bookstore tour for me, but each store I visited never had an audience of more than ten people. And it is painful, truly painful, to struggle through a reading and Q&A when people keep leaving in the middle of your sentences. It’s even worse when the store manager hovers and makes awkward small talk about how it’s probably because it’s the holidays, and people are busy shopping, and they didn’t have quite enough time to advertise that the attendance numbers were so low. After the second stop I wanted to call it quits, but it’s more humiliating to cancel a book tour altogether than to struggle through it, minute by minute, your heart sinking the entire time as you realize your irrelevance, your foolishness to ever hope.

Related Characters: June Hayward (Juniper Song) (speaker), Athena Liu
Related Symbols: The Last Front, Over the Sycamore
Page Number and Citation: 79-80
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 15 Quotes

I’ve put on a stiff upper lip in public, but Geoff’s Twitter antics rattled me more than I let on. Athena Liu’s Ghost. A grotesque choice of name; surely chosen to surprise and provoke, but there’s more truth to it than even Geoff knows. Athena’s ghost has anchored itself to me; it hovers over my shoulder, whispering in my ear every waking moment of the day.

It's maddening. These days I’ve started dreading the thought of trying to write, because I can’t write without thinking of her. Then, of course, my thoughts inevitably spiral beyond the writing to the memories: the final night, the pancakes, the gurgling sounds she made as she thrashed against the floor.

I thought I’d gotten over her death. I was doing so well mentally. I was in a good space. I was fine.

Until she returned.

But isn’t that what ghosts do?

Related Characters: June Hayward (Juniper Song) (speaker), Geoff Carlino , Athena Liu
Related Symbols: The Last Front, Over the Sycamore
Page Number and Citation: 196-197
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 19 Quotes

But enter professional publishing, and suddenly writing is a matter of professional jealousies, obscure marketing budgets, and advances that don’t measure up to those of your peers. Editors go in and mess around with your words, your vision. Marketing and publicity make you distill hundreds of pages of careful, nuanced reflection into cute, tweet-size talking points. Readers inflict their own expectations, not just on the story, but on your politics, your philosophy, your stance on all things ethical. You, not your writing, become the product […]

And once you’re writing for the market, it doesn’t matter what stories are burning inside you. It matters what audiences want to see, and no one cares about the inner musings of a plain, straight, white girl from Philly. They want the new and exotic, the diverse, and if I want to stay afloat, that’s what I have to give them.

Related Characters: June Hayward (Juniper Song) (speaker), Mother , Athena Liu , Johnson Chen , Skylar Zhao
Page Number and Citation: 256
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 20 Quotes

But as I dig into the past, I find myself lingering on good memories, too. There are more of them than I realized. I haven’t let myself dwell on college for so long, but once I scratch the surface, it all comes bubbling to the fore. Starbucks every Tuesday after our Women in Victorian Lit seminar […] Nights at slam poetry events during which we’d sipped ginger beers and giggled at the performers, who were not real poets, and who would one day certainly grow out of this nonsense. A Les Mis sing-along party at a drama major’s apartment […]

As I transcribe all of this, I wonder if our friendship had indeed been as strained as I’d perceived it. Was that jealous tension always there? Were we rivals from the start? Or had I, in the throes of my insecurity, projected it all against Athena?

Related Characters: June Hayward (Juniper Song) (speaker), Candice Lee , Athena Liu
Page Number and Citation: 269-270
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 21 Quotes

It’s hard for me to really feel sorry for Geoff. This is, after all, the same man who once threatened to leak nudes of Athena on Reddit if she didn’t back him up against a Locus reviewer. But I can see the truth in his eyes, the pain. Athena always thought that what she did was a gift. A distillation of trauma into something eternal. Give me your bruises and hurts, she told us, and I will return to you a diamond. Only she never cared that once the art was made, once the personal became spectacle, the pain was still there.

Related Characters: June Hayward (Juniper Song) (speaker), Geoff Carlino , Athena Liu
Related Symbols: Over the Sycamore
Page Number and Citation: 280-281
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 22 Quotes

But the normal methods of dispelling ghosts, the ones that worked in all the stories, seem insufficient. I doubt Athena will be happy with offerings of food, incense, or burnt paper. Which isn’t to say I don’t try. Deep down I know its stupid, but I’m desperate enough to hope the rituals might at least calm my mind. I order incense sticks on Amazon and kung pao chicken from Kitchen No. 1 and place both before a framed photo of Athena, but all it does is stink up my apartment. I print paper cutouts of the things I imagine Athena could want in the underworld—stacks of money, a lavish apartment, the entire IKEA catalogue—and light them up with a match, but that only sets off the fire alarm, which pisses off my neighbors and lands me with a hefty fine.

Related Characters: June Hayward (Juniper Song) (speaker), Athena Liu
Page Number and Citation: 287
Explanation and Analysis: