Previous
Chapter 3
Themes
and Colors
Key
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in Native Speaker, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Identity and Multiculturalism
Silence, Language, and Communication
Racism and Xenophobia
Love, Loss, and Moving On
Summary
Analysis
Henry’s father died a year and a half after Mitt’s death. He was a serious man who wouldn’t have understood the kind of vacation Lelia took in Italy. The point of life for him was to work hard and steadily rise through society, and his only beliefs revolved around the power of Jesus Christ and capitalism. When he had his first stroke, Henry and Lelia moved in to care for him. A week later, he had a second stroke that made it impossible for him to speak. Henry took advantage of his silence and his inability to do anything but listen. He sat up late with his father and spoke nonstop—part of it was a form of personal confession, but another part was intended as a kind of “emotional torture.”
Henry clearly resents his father, though it’s not yet clear why. All the same, the fact that he seized the opportunity to speak nonstop to his father as a form of “emotional torture” suggests that he wanted to get back at the old man for something. At the same time, though, it also indicates that he was eager to express himself. To that end, Henry has a tendency to open up in situations in which there’s no chance that his words will be used against him, as evidenced by the way he also spoke freely in therapy sessions with Luzan.
Active
Themes
But nothing Henry said to his father could really hurt him, since his father knew that he had done exactly what he intended to do in life. He’d raised Henry in a foreign country, become a successful businessman, and would even have had enough money to help Mitt have a good life. In short, he made it possible for Henry to avoid the hardships he himself faced. And yet, Henry’s father wasn’t successful because of some kind of natural talent or cleverness. Rather, he was successful because he “refused to fail.”
The novel explores the work ethic Henry’s father clung to as he fought to sustain himself in a foreign country. He appears to have believed that failure simply wasn’t an option, which makes sense, considering that he and his wife came all the way from Korea to live in the United States—having made such an effort, Henry’s father “refused to fail.” The novel implies that this is a rather common attitude for immigrants to embrace, since many people leave their homes for the exact purpose of gaining new opportunities to work hard.
Active
Themes
Henry’s father got his start in business through something known as a ggeh, which is a Korean “money club.” Members of a ggeh all contribute to a big pool of cash, and at some point each of them will get to take the money for themselves. The members pay into the ggeh each week with the knowledge that they will eventually be the ones to benefit from this collective effort. The members of Henry’s father’s ggeh were a tightknit bunch of humble businessmen whose families spent time together in public parks. His father used the money to open a green grocery store that became quite successful. But as everyone in the ggeh slowly earned more and more money, they grew apart, and they stopped spending so much time together.
Eventually, Henry’s father moved the family to a wealthy neighborhood in Ardsley, New York. He commuted into the city to oversee his multiple grocery stores, and Henry suspects that his father never felt completely comfortable in his own posh neighborhood in Ardsley, which was full of white families. His mother also seemed to want to fly under the radar, never wanting to borrow anything from their neighbors or ask anything of anyone. Henry didn’t understand why this was the case, bemoaning the fact that his mother seemed so afraid of what people thought of them.
Active
Themes
Get the entire Native Speaker LitChart as a printable PDF.
"My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." -Graham S.
During his childhood and adolescence, Henry worked at his father’s grocery stores. The ones in affluent neighbors on the Upper East Side of Manhattan were full of white women who hardly even seemed to see him. These women would even make racist comments right in front of him, assuming he couldn’t speak English. Once, a wealthy older woman picked up an apple, took a bite, and then put it back. Henry started toward her, but his father stopped him, telling him in Korean that she was a frequent costumer.
Active
Themes
Henry’s father was strict with his employees, but he refused to run things any other way. Dealing with this kind of strictness himself, he claimed, was how he learned business, and it would be how his employees would learn business, too. When he came home, Henry’s mother wouldn’t ask him about work—she would just comment that he must be hungry because he worked so late and so hard.
Active
Themes
One night, Henry decided to ask his father about how things were going at the stores, but his mother quickly pulled him to the side and asked why he was bothering his father with that kind of talk. His father, she told him, earned a degree from the best college in Korea, and the only reason he worked as a grocer was to give his son a better life—talking about it at home, though, would only “shame” him.
Active
Themes
Henry’s father didn’t know what Henry did for work, but he didn’t seem to disapprove of his lifestyle. To Henry’s surprise, he legitimately liked Lelia, and Henry began to suspect that his father was pleased he’d married a white woman—his father seemed to think Lelia would make it easier for Henry to succeed in the United States. But it was always hard to tell what, exactly, he thought. He was not a talkative man. Henry was 10 when his mother died, and his father took the tragedy in stride without saying much. He went on with life, and to this day Henry has no idea whether or not his father suffered internally from this loss.
Active
Themes
