Nightwood

by

Djuna Barnes

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Nightwood: La Somnambule Summary & Analysis

Summary
Analysis
Matthew lives in a square near the Church of St. Sulpice in Paris. He is well known in the square, particularly to the proprietor of the local cafe, which is where he brings Felix a few weeks after their first meeting. Felix likes Matthew because he seems valuable—there’s an aura about him that reminds Felix of a servant of an extinct noble family—even though he’s a liar. After a long silence, Matthew remarks that the Irish and the Jews often meet somewhere in the middle as the one moves up and the other down. Matthew notes that while the Irish are common, they have a great imagination because they’ve been pushed down and then lifted up again. However, a Jew is, at best, a meddler. Matthew then says that while Jews meddle, the Irish lie.
Matthew’s observation about Jews and the Irish indicates that he is aware that Felix is actually Jewish, even though Felix hasn’t said anything about it. The Irish, like the Jews, were stigmatized by much of society. This is because Ireland was colonized by England and forced to convert to Catholicism, and then most Irish people refused to become Protestants during the Reformation. As a result, the Irish were considered somewhat backward and uncultured. In this way, Matthew reveals some of his own “otherness” that he has in common with Felix.
Themes
Identity Theme Icon
Otherness and the Search for Acceptance Theme Icon
Matthew explains that nurses know more about medical science than doctors, the best of which simply forget all they’ve studied and pray to God for help. Matthew says that nobody needs a cure for their “individual sickness” but that they should look to their “universal malady.” Felix notes that this sounds like dogma, which causes Matthew to launch into a monologue about how the things that work for or mean something to one person might be different for another. For example, “any man’s smile would be consternation on another’s mouth.” Staring at his hands, Matthew suddenly asks why he feels like a bride whenever he hears music. Felix suggests neurasthenia or impatience and Matthew agrees that the Irish are impatient. Felix notes that Vienna developed an impatience after coffee was introduced there in the 17th century and that every city has its own special drink associated with it.
The “individual sickness” Matthew refers to is his term for the issues each person faces in being accepted by society. For example, Felix’s Jewishness or Matthew’s Irishness might be considered “individual sicknesses.” But this, Matthew says, isn’t the true danger—the “universal malady” is the real problem. The “universal malady” can be described as narrow-mindedness and intolerance. Society in general isn’t understanding and can be very exclusionary. This is what actually needs curing. Matthews observation that “any man’s smile would be consternation on another’s mouth” highlights how what one person considers good or at least okay might be condemned by another person.
Themes
Identity Theme Icon
Obsession and Despair Theme Icon
Otherness and the Search for Acceptance Theme Icon
A bellhop from a nearby hotel runs up to Matthew and Felix and tells Matthew that there’s a woman in one of the rooms who fainted and won’t wake up. Matthew tells Felix to pay the bill and follow him, which Felix does. When they get to the hotel, the men see an unconscious woman lying on a bed surrounded by plants. The woman herself smells vaguely of fungi and there even seems to be a glow around her head, which seems to indicate that she’s a “born somnambule.” Out of delicacy, Felix steps behind some of the plants while Matthew, afraid that the police will be called and find out he’s unlicensed, throws water on the woman’s face. The woman comes to momentarily and Felix catches Matthew rummaging through the cosmetics on her dresser, ultimately pocketing a hundred-franc note. Felix knows he’ll always like Matthew despite the theft.
The title of this chapter is “La Somnambule,” which is French for “the sleepwalker.” The woman Felix and Matthew find seems to be a “born somnambule,” indicating that she is the true focus of this chapter. Barnes writes that there’s a peculiar glow around the woman’s head that indicates she’s a sleepwalker. This could actually be because the woman spends so much time walking around at night instead of the day that she’s become very pale, which might make her seem to glow.
Themes
Identity Theme Icon
Otherness and the Search for Acceptance Theme Icon
When Felix looks back to the woman, she’s awake and evidently recognizes Matthew from the café. Felix is taken by the woman’s bright blue eyes, which seem more like a wild animal’s than a human being’s eyes. Some women are like animals that are transforming into humans, and their actions evoke memories of a forgotten experience. These kinds of women are “carrier[s] of the past,” and Felix picks up on this feeling. The woman quickly dismisses the two men, saying they can visit when she feels better. On the way out, the bellhop tells them the woman’s name is Robin Vote. Matthew and Felix go back to the café and Matthew, sensing that Felix just had a powerful experience, asks if Felix has ever thought about getting married. Felix explains that he wants to have a son who will share his feelings about the past.
The first descriptions of Robin draw comparisons between her and plants and animals, which calls attention to the fact that Robin follows her instincts and impulses like an animal. Felix is attracted to her because she’s one of the “carrier[s] of the past” and he is obsessed with the past. In this respect, Robin seems like the perfect match for Felix, but it’s clear even at this point that Felix may just be projecting his own desires on to her—they only briefly met, after all.
Themes
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Otherness and the Search for Acceptance Theme Icon
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Matthew laughs and remarks that “Fate and entanglement” are starting again and then asks what nobility is. Before Felix can answer, Matthew says that the nobility are just the few people whom so many people have lied well about that they become immortal, and a king is just someone who is so scandalous that people must bow to him. Kings and nobility are set apart from other people, most of whom do all the same things in the same places. Somewhat troubled by this, Felix says that paying homage to the past is unique because it includes the future. This is why Felix wants a son. Matthew leans forward and tells Felix that the last child born to any aristocracy is often insane. After this warning, Matthew raises his glass to Robin Vote, noting that she can’t be more than 20 years old.
Matthew again displays an almost psychic ability to see what’s going to happen in the near future. Matthew sees “Fate and entanglement” beginning, which refers to Robin and Felix’s relationship. “Fate” implies that Felix essentially has no control over what will happen next—it was his fate to see Robin and, having seen her, he can’t help wanting to see her again and again. “Entanglement,” meanwhile, implies that there will be some complications and complexities that aren’t necessarily positive. Felix, however, is desperate for a son, so he might be willing to overlook the red flags in Robin’s behavior and words if she’s willing to give him that.
Themes
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Obsession and Despair Theme Icon
Otherness and the Search for Acceptance Theme Icon
Quotes
Felix tries to visit Robin four times before he finally sees her, and that happens entirely by accident when he runs into her on the street. Robin suggests that they take a walk in the Luxembourg Gardens and Felix agrees. While they walk, he brags about how much money he earns and how many languages he speaks. Robin doesn’t talk much and walks a little way ahead of him, but Felix is happy with her. In the following days, they spend a lot of time together. Felix is somewhat taken aback by the fact that Robin has a real enthusiasm for cheaper items in addition to nicer ones, and she touches everything with her hands. Felix realizes that he primarily loves Robin because through her Felix can quickly fulfill his destiny. Still, he asks her to marry him and is surprised that she accepts as if she’s unable to refuse.
From the start, Felix ignores a lot of Robin’s hints that she’s not as interested in him as he is in her. It takes him a long time to get back in contact with her (and that only happens in a chance situation that she can’t control), and then she doesn’t talk much to him or even make an effort to walk next to him. Furthermore, Felix ignores signs in himself that make it clear that their relationship isn’t all it should be—Robin is a means to an end, not a desirable partner whom he loves in her own right.
Themes
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Otherness and the Search for Acceptance Theme Icon
Felix takes Robin to Vienna hoping that he’ll be able to show her something that really moves her. Felix tells her that she’s a Baronin now that they’re married and tries to explain what Vienna was like before the war. One evening in their hotel, Robin opens the blinds and sits in a seat while Felix tells her about Emperor Francis Joseph. As he talks, Felix feels weighed down by his compulsion to recreate greatness until, looking up, he notices that Robin is asleep. As he watches her, Felix realizes that he can’t turn her into what he wants her to be on his own. A few days later, they return to Paris and Felix hopes that Robin’s Christian leanings will help her become more like the wife he wants her to be. Despite his hopes, Felix realizes her mind always seems to be elsewhere.
Felix believes that if he can show Robin something that evokes an emotional response then she’ll fall more in line with his opinions and thoughts. If she can develop the same love and respect for the past and greatness, then she will share his enthusiasm about expanding their own family. Felix believes Robin’s Christian leadings will help him with this because they might make her more submissive and eager to please him, since that was considered a Christian duty for any wife during the time period.
Themes
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Quotes
Felix finds himself repeating his father’s tragic story, trying desperately to make Robin understand the great destiny he has already chosen for her: namely, to have children who would share Felix’s reverence for the past and greatness. Thinking of a child, Felix wonders why he and Robin haven’t had one yet and abruptly runs to Robin to ask her. Robin quietly prepares herself to have a baby and, feeling like there is “some lost land in herself,” begins going out and staying out for hours or even days without sending word of her whereabouts. Robin suddenly converts to Catholicism and is seen in churches all over the place. She thinks about the fate her child will be born into and tries praying, but her prayers are abnormal because they leave no room “for damnation or forgiveness.”
Robin only gets pregnant after Felix asks her why they haven’t had a baby, which could indicate that she’s taken some steps on her own to prevent pregnancy. Still, she’s willing to have a baby because Felix has asked her to. The “lost land in herself” refers to both the baby physically taking up space in her body and the fact that impending motherhood threatens certain aspects of her identity that she’ll have to give up. Her prayers leave no room “for damnation or forgiveness” because she’s neither confessing nor apologizing for anything; she’s simply stating her opinions and sharing her reality. This unusual quality of her prayers highlights how Robin seems to operate outside society’s normal rules.
Themes
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Obsession and Despair Theme Icon
Quotes
Felix comes home one evening to find Robin asleep with a memoir by Marquis de Sade in her hand. When Robin wakes up Felix tries to pull her to him, but she pushes him away and they stare at each other without a word. A short time later, Robin goes into labor, cursing Felix when he tries to comfort her. After an intense labor during which Robin seems furious, she gives birth to their baby, whom they name Guido after Felix’s father. Within a week of leaving her bed, however, Robin seems lost, as if she’s done something terrible. One night, Felix sees her raise their baby high into the air as if she wants to throw him down, but she doesn’t.
Marquis de Sade was an infamous libertine and writer whose memoirs were very sexually explicit for their time (the 18th century). That Robin is reading these memoirs is the first indication that she might not be interested in traditional, heterosexual monogamy. To Robin, her baby represents a life that she doesn’t want to have. She doesn’t want to be tied down in one place, responsible for caring for someone else. She wants the freedom to move around and do as she likes with whomever she likes.
Themes
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Obsession and Despair Theme Icon
Robin and Felix’s son is small and lethargic, sleeps too much, and rarely makes noise above a whimper. Robin starts wandering again and is rarely home, and Felix, overwhelmed by sorrow, doesn’t know what to do. One night, Robin tells Felix that she never wanted to have a baby and asks why they don’t keep him secret. Felix asks what they should do, and Robin says she’ll leave. For months, people wonder where Robin is. When she eventually comes back, she’s with Nora Flood and doesn’t tell anyone where she’s been. Matthew, however, believes that Robin was in America, where Nora’s from.
The description of Robin and Felix’s son indicates that he’s not very healthy. Robin apparently wishes they had kept him a secret, which could mean that there’s something about him that signifies he’ll have psychological problems (this, unfortunately, proves true). Robin leaves because she doesn’t want to be a mother, especially to a sickly baby that will need more selfless love and devotion than she can give.
Themes
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Obsession and Despair Theme Icon