Nightwood

by

Djuna Barnes

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Nightwood: “The Squatter” Summary & Analysis

Summary
Analysis
Jenny Petherbridge is a middle-aged four-time widow. Jenny is small, visibly aging, and seems perpetually nervous. She’s one of those women who never looks good in fashionable clothing because she simultaneously looks old and like a child doing penance for something. She fills her house with other people’s belongings: a picture Robin took for Nora, another person’s wedding ring, books from other people, and so on. A fragile little woman, Jenny would undoubtedly die from shock if she were the first person to do anything. Listening to her share a story, other people get the distinct sense that she doesn’t really understand the importance of what she says. Jenny is obsessed with the idea of being important, of being the reason for things happening. Because Jenny wants to be the reason for things, she never succeeds in causing anything. Unable to think for herself, Jenny continually reiterates other people’s facts and stories.
Jenny is constantly torn between her desire to be interesting—the kind of person who has interesting stories and objects, that people talk about and like—and her fear of doing anything original. This could be because Jenny is afraid that if she’s the first to do something, other people will mock her for it. She looks at appropriating other people’s stories and even possessions as a safe way to be interesting, but it actually makes her look somewhat ridiculous to other people.
Themes
Identity Theme Icon
Otherness and the Search for Acceptance Theme Icon
Quotes
Jenny’s other preoccupation is love—she desires love above all things but fails to get it. Her emotions, being shallow, prevent her from taking an active part in a great love, although she loves hearing stories of great loves throughout history. On the occasions when Jenny begins to fall in love, her words and actions are all second-hand things that she has learned from other people’s stories. After learning about Nora’s love for Robin, Jenny appropriated it like a “squatter.” Jenny learned about Robin and Nora from Robin herself, who frequently talks about Nora to other people. After hearing the story, it was inevitable that Jenny would make their love her own. This happens in 1927.
Barnes describes Jenny as a “squatter,” which is someone who moves into another person’s space and claims they have a right to be there. Because Jenny struggles to think for herself and is afraid to do anything original, she tries to claim a space in a pre-made relationship, edging one person out so she can take over their spot. This passage also reveals that, ironically, it is Robin’s love for Nora that ruins their relationship, since talking about Nora is what draws Jenny to Robin.
Themes
Sexuality, Gender, and Nonconformity Theme Icon
Identity Theme Icon
Obsession and Despair Theme Icon
Quotes
Whenever Jenny and Robin have a scheduled date, Jenny shows up early and Robin shows up late; Jenny leans forward across the table while Robin leans as far back as she can go. Although Jenny has actually known Robin for a year, she asks Matthew to introduce them at the opera. After the opera, Matthew, Robin, and Jenny go back to Jenny’s house together. There is already a group of people there, including Jenny’s young niece, who takes an interest in Robin. Jenny talks about this with Felix later. While Robin talks to Jenny’s niece, the Marchesa de Spada notes that some people will reappear in the world but that one person in the room was at the end of their existence. She says this while looking at Robin, which sends a shiver down Jenny’s spine. Jenny calls for some old-fashioned carriages so the party can take a ride outside.
Like Felix, Jenny doesn’t seem to pick up on the fact that Robin isn’t nearly as interested in having a relationship as Jenny is (or at least not in the type of relationship Jenny wants). Even before their relationship really starts, Jenny is determined to possess Robin—she’s another interesting object to add to her collection, another thing that might make Jenny seem more interesting to other people. Above all things, Jenny (like Nora) is afraid of losing possession of Robin.
Themes
Sexuality, Gender, and Nonconformity Theme Icon
Obsession and Despair Theme Icon
Matthew seems confused by Jenny’s sudden call for carriages, but Robin seems to understand. She says that Jenny is in a panic and will get dressed in something old-fashioned. Matthew, who is uncomfortable but loves a scandal and gossip, tells Robin to hush. Sure enough, Jenny scurries out and reappears wearing a hoop skirt and bonnet. Robin, however, doesn’t pay attention because she’s busy talking to Jenny’s niece (whose name is revealed to be Sylvia). Three carriages wait outside for the party and Jenny, terrified that Robin might get in a different carriage with a tall Englishwoman from the party, hurries into an empty one and calls to Robin to come in. Seeing that Robin is about to get in another carriage with the Englishwoman, Jenny panics and begs them both to join her. Sylvia and Matthew are also in Jenny’s carriage.
Robin’s comment that Jenny will get dressed in old-fashioned clothes reveals just how familiar Robin is with Jenny’s habits and feelings. Notably, Jenny doesn’t seem threatened by Nora (Robin’s long-term girlfriend), but rather by other women. This shows that Jenny doesn’t consider Nora a threat even though Robin talks about her so much and the very thing that first drew Jenny to Robin was the love between her and Nora.
Themes
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Identity Theme Icon
Obsession and Despair Theme Icon
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Matthew tells the driver to go and the carriages start driving. Jenny sits in her corner, watching the other women with suspicion. Matthew, wondering how he ended up in a carriage full of women, says under his breath: “Just the girl that God forgot.” Matthew becomes overwhelmed by grief and calls to God out loud and then wonders what kind of person adopts his brother’s kids to try to be a mother. Without looking at him and hoping that a loud conversation will get Robin and the Englishwoman to stop whispering together, Jenny asks twice what Matthew said. Matthew tells Jenny that his father never liked him but warmed up a little when Matthew joined the military. Matthew believes his father understood Matthew’s fear that he’d be shot and go down crying like a girl, which is why his dad told him to conduct himself like a soldier.
Matthew’s comment about “the girl that God forgot” is the first clear indication that he doesn’t totally identify as male. God “forgot” that Matthew was supposed to be a girl, and so made him a man (biologically speaking). As this novel is set in the 1920s, Matthew would be prohibited from openly presenting as female; he could be either prosecuted for obscenity or sent to a mental institution to be treated. This situation is the only time Matthew gives the slightest public hint about his gender identity, and he possibly only feels comfortable doing this because it’s obvious Jenny isn’t listening to him. The only other times Matthew openly talks about his gender or sexuality are with Nora Flood.
Themes
Sexuality, Gender, and Nonconformity Theme Icon
Identity Theme Icon
Otherness and the Search for Acceptance Theme Icon
Instead of listening to Matthew, Jenny cries and watches Robin stroke Sylvia’s hair. Noticing this, Matthew tells Jenny that crying makes her look like a single person reflected in 20 mirrors. Jenny cries harder and louder, trying to attract Robin’s attention. Matthew wonders who first thought of a woman loving another woman. Jenny points Robin out and says she brings love “down to a level.” When Matthew tries to sympathize, Jenny lashes out and says men don’t understand love, and her particular love is sacred. Robin finally looks up, tells Jenny to shut up, and says Jenny’s always talking without knowing anything. Jenny starts slapping Robin and keeps going even when Robin is on her knees on the floor. Jenny collapses on top of Robin until the carriage stops and Robin runs out. Not long after this, Nora and Robin separate, and Jenny and Robin go to America. 
When Jenny says that Robin brings love “down to a level,” she means that Robin degrades love and doesn’t revere it the way Jenny thinks she should. To Jenny, love is sacred, and one person should never hurt a person whom they love or who loves them. This is ironic, considering Jenny is trying to take over Nora and Robin’s relationship—violently, in this scene. Jenny wants to seem like the victim in this situation, but that is difficult to do since, from Nora’s perspective, Jenny must be a villain.
Themes
Sexuality, Gender, and Nonconformity Theme Icon
Obsession and Despair Theme Icon