Photograph 51

by

Anna Ziegler

Teachers and parents! Our Teacher Edition on Photograph 51 makes teaching easy.

Rosalind Franklin Character Analysis

The protagonist and central figure of Photograph 51, Rosalind Franklin is a brilliant Jewish British scientist in her mid-30s who has returned to England after several years abroad in Paris to work in the X-ray crystallography lab at King’s College London. Rosalind receives a rude awakening upon arriving, however. She’s been brought to King’s under false pretenses—she is meant to be Maurice Wilkins’s assistant, a role she refuses to take on principle. Rosalind, wearied, jaded, and toughened after facing years and years of sexism and antisemitism in the science community (in spite of her equal or superior qualifications to those of her male colleagues) is completely committed to the practice of working, researching, and studying her results alone—a practice that offends and confounds Wilkins as well as Rosalind’s own research assistant Ray Gosling. Rosalind is serious, intense, and aloof—traits that Rosalind likely practiced and calculated over the years to protect herself from the disappointments and indignities that come with being a woman in science. At the start of the play, Rosalind stands on the precipice of a great scientific discovery. And although she and Gosling ultimately produce an image, Photograph 51, that hints at the much-sought-after answer to the structure of DNA, Rosalind’s cautious research practices keep her from sharing her findings with her colleagues. When Gosling gives Photo 51 to Wilkins—who, in turn, shows it to the American scientist James Watson—Rosalind’s solitary methods backfire. Watson and his research partner Francis Crick hurry to develop a model together, and their research outpaces Rosalind’s. Then, when Rosalind is diagnosed with ovarian cancer and hospitalized, Watson and Crick “discover the secret of life” and publish their findings, winning the Nobel Prize along with Wilkins. At the end of the play, Rosalind acknowledges that while certain obstacles—from societal prejudice to her own prickly personality—got in her way, she never wavered in her devotion to her work. A self-reliant woman dedicated to benefiting humanity through her research, Rosalind Franklin is a complex character who comes to find that the walls she’s built to protect herself and her work also, unfortunately, hinder her.

Rosalind Franklin Quotes in Photograph 51

The Photograph 51 quotes below are all either spoken by Rosalind Franklin or refer to Rosalind Franklin. For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
Sexism and Antisemitism Theme Icon
).
Photograph 51 Quotes

ROSALIND. […] We were so powerful. Our instruments felt like extensions of our own bodies. We could see everything, really see it—except, sometimes, what was right in front of us.

Related Characters: Rosalind Franklin (speaker)
Page Number: 11
Explanation and Analysis:

ROSALIND. (Writing the letter, cold and formal.) I require an X-ray generating tube. And a camera specially made so that the temperature inside it can be carefully controlled. Otherwise, the solution will change during its exposure, and, Dr. Wilkins, you know as well as I do that that just won’t do. Finally, if at all possible, I’d like to know when this order will be placed so that, if need be, I can request a few minor modifications. Yours sincerely, Dr. Rosalind Franklin.

WILKINS. Dear Miss Franklin, you are ever so ... …cordial.

Related Characters: Rosalind Franklin (speaker), Maurice Wilkins (speaker)
Page Number: 12
Explanation and Analysis:

ROSALIND. Dr. Wilkins, I will not be anyone’s assistant. (Beat.)

WILKINS. What was that?

ROSALIND. I don’t like others to analyze my data, my work. I work best when I work alone. If, for whatever reason, I am forced into a different situation, I should feel that I came here under false pretenses.

WILKINS. I see… […] Then perhaps we could think of our work together as a kind of partnership. Surely that will suit you?

ROSALIND. I don’t suppose it matters whether or not it suits me, does it?

Related Characters: Rosalind Franklin (speaker), Maurice Wilkins (speaker)
Page Number: 13
Explanation and Analysis:

ROSALIND. I’ll have you know that nuclear force is not something of which I approve.

WILKINS. Then I suppose it’s good no one asked you to work on it. […] At any rate, you lot never do seem to approve of it.

ROSALIND. I’m not sure I understand what you’re driving at. […]

WILKINS. Just that ... people ... worked hard to ... come up with these ways to save ... well, the Jews, and then all you hear back from them is how they don’t approve. It feels a little ...

ROSALIND. You’re absolutely right that the Jews should be in a more grateful frame of mind these days.

WILKINS. All right, Rosy.

Related Characters: Rosalind Franklin (speaker), Maurice Wilkins (speaker)
Page Number: 14
Explanation and Analysis:

ROSALIND. It’s absurd, isn’t it? Archaic! […] This business of the senior common room…

GOSLING. I suppose. But ... you can’t worry about it. […] It’s not like biophysicists have such great conversations at meals anyway. They tend just to talk about the work. They never take a break.

ROSALIND. But those are precisely the conversations I need to have. Scientists make discoveries over lunch.

Related Characters: Rosalind Franklin (speaker), Ray Gosling (speaker), Maurice Wilkins
Page Number: 15-16
Explanation and Analysis:

WILKINS. I almost went to see the very same performance. […] Our paths so nearly crossed. (Beat.) Was it any good?

ROSALIND. Oh yes. Very.

WILKINS. The great difference, you know, between The Winter’s Tale and the story on which it’s based—Pandosto—is that in Shakespeare’s version the heroine survives.

ROSALIND. John Gielgud played Leontes. He really was very good. Very lifelike. Very good. When Hermione died, even though it was his fault, I felt for him. I truly did.

WILKINS. And who played Hermione?

ROSALIND. I don’t remember. She didn’t stand out, I suppose.

Related Characters: Rosalind Franklin (speaker), Maurice Wilkins (speaker)
Related Symbols: The Winter’s Tale
Page Number: 18
Explanation and Analysis:

WATSON. But she wasn’t [in the laboratory,] was she. She was too busy snow-shoeing and ... enjoying things like ... nature and small woodland creatures.
CRICK. I mean, didn’t she feel that something was at her back, a force greater than she was ...
WATSON. You mean us?
CRICK. No. I mean fate.
WATSON. What’s the difference?

Related Characters: James Watson (speaker), Francis Crick (speaker), Rosalind Franklin
Page Number: 21
Explanation and Analysis:

ROSALIND. (Condescendingly.) Flushed with pride, are we?

WILKINS. I beg your pardon?

ROSALIND. X-ray patterns you made?

WILKINS. It was just a manner of speaking. Everyone knows who’s on the team, that there is a team.

ROSALIND. Well, I don’t know which X-ray patterns you were looking at, but in the ones I took, it’s certainly not clear that there is a helix.

WILKINS. It’s like you’re unwilling to see it.

Related Characters: Rosalind Franklin (speaker), Maurice Wilkins (speaker)
Page Number: 28
Explanation and Analysis:

CRICK. She’s really that bad?

WILKINS. Worse.

WATSON. The Jews really can be very ornery.

WILKINS. You’re telling me.

WATSON. Is she quite overweight?

WILKINS. Why do you ask?

CRICK. James is many things but subtle is not one of them. […] You see, he imagines that she’s overweight. The kind of woman who barrels over you with the force of a train. […]

CASPAR. (To the audience.) To Watson and Crick, the shape of something suggested the most detailed analysis of its interior workings. As though, by looking at something you could determine how it came to be ... how it gets through each day.

Related Characters: Maurice Wilkins (speaker), James Watson (speaker), Francis Crick (speaker), Rosalind Franklin
Page Number: 31
Explanation and Analysis:

ROSALIND. As a girl, I prided myself on always being right. Because I was always right. I drove my family near mad by relentlessly proposing games to play that I’d win every time. […] And when I was at university, and it was becoming as clear to my parents as it always had been for me that I would pursue science, I left Cambridge to meet my father for a hiking weekend. (Staring again at the image.) And atop a mountain in the Lake District, when I was eighteen years old, he said to me, “Rosa­lind, if you go forward with this life… you must never be wrong…”

Related Characters: Rosalind Franklin (speaker), Ray Gosling
Related Symbols: Photograph 51
Page Number: 35
Explanation and Analysis:

WILKINS. But what are we celebrating??

GOSLING. It’s amazing, really—

ROSALIND. Have some faith in me. There is something to celebrate. Take a leap of faith.

WILKINS. (Bitterly.) As though you would ever do that. […] I mean, my God, can you even hear yourself? The irony?

ROSALIND. (Slowly.) I take a leap of faith every day, Maurice, just by walking through that door in the morning ... I take a leap of faith that it’ll all be worth it, that it will all ultimately mean something.

WILKINS. I don’t know what you’re talking about.

ROSALIND. No, you wouldn’t.

Related Characters: Rosalind Franklin (speaker), Maurice Wilkins (speaker), Ray Gosling (speaker)
Related Symbols: Photograph 51
Page Number: 36
Explanation and Analysis:

CRICK. And what is a race anyway? And who wins? If life is the ultimate race to the finish line, then really we don’t want to win it. Shouldn’t want to win it. Should we? […] Or maybe the race is for something else entirely. Maybe none of us really knew what we were searching for. What we wanted. Maybe success is as illusory and elusive as ... well, Rosalind was to us.

Related Characters: Francis Crick (speaker), Rosalind Franklin
Page Number: 37
Explanation and Analysis:

WATSON. Do tell us what our little ray of sunshine is keeping busy with these days.

CRICK. (Actually worried.) Wilkins, old boy. Are you sure you’re quite all right?

WATSON. Anything new on her docket? If you don’t mind sharing, that is.

WILKINS. I honestly couldn’t give two damns. I’m happy to tell you all I can remember.

Related Characters: Maurice Wilkins (speaker), James Watson (speaker), Francis Crick (speaker), Rosalind Franklin
Related Symbols: Photograph 51
Page Number: 44
Explanation and Analysis:

CASPAR. Watson and Crick got hold of the paper Rosalind had written. It was confidential.

CRICK. It wasn’t confidential. Another scientist at Cambridge gave it to us. […]

WILKINS. Well it wasn’t published, that’s for sure. And it included [….] information that became critical to your work.

WATSON. I’m sure we would have gotten there sooner or later, even without it.

WILKINS. So would we have done, with the benefit of your work. You had ours but we didn’t have yours!

WATSON. There was no “we” where you were concerned. […]

GOSLING. Anyway, it doesn’t matter how they got the paper, only that they got it.

CASPAR. And that Rosalind didn’t know she should be in a hurry.

Related Characters: Maurice Wilkins (speaker), Ray Gosling (speaker), Don Caspar (speaker), James Watson (speaker), Francis Crick (speaker), Rosalind Franklin
Page Number: 46
Explanation and Analysis:

ROSALIND. I think I’m thinking about how I’ve come to the end of thinking. […]

WILKINS. We could talk it through. It might help. […]

GOSLING. For a moment, everything stopped. Different ways our lives could go hovered in the air around us. […]

ROSALIND. You know, I think I am going to call it a night. I haven’t been home before midnight for a fortnight and really what’s the point of being here and not getting anywhere? […]

GOSLING. And then there was only one way everything would go.

Related Characters: Rosalind Franklin (speaker), Maurice Wilkins (speaker), Ray Gosling (speaker)
Related Symbols: Photograph 51
Page Number: 51
Explanation and Analysis:

GOSLING. There’s no science that can explain it. Loneliness. […]

CASPAR. Rosalind? (She clutches her stomach.)

WATSON. It works, Francis. It works. (A very long beat.)

CRICK. It’s ...

WATSON. I can’t believe it.

CRICK. It’s life unfolding, right in front of us. (Rosalind doubles over in her chair, and gasps.)

CASPAR. Rosalind?

WILKINS. It’s the loneliest pursuit in the world. Science. Because there either are answers or there aren’t.

Related Characters: Maurice Wilkins (speaker), Ray Gosling (speaker), Don Caspar (speaker), James Watson (speaker), Francis Crick (speaker), Rosalind Franklin
Page Number: 54
Explanation and Analysis:

ROSALIND. We lose. In the end, we lose. The work is never finished and in the meantime our bodies wind down, tick slower, sputter out.

WILKINS. Like grandfather clocks.

Related Characters: Rosalind Franklin (speaker), Maurice Wilkins (speaker)
Page Number: 56
Explanation and Analysis:

ROSALIND. If I’d only ...

GOSLING. Been more careful around the beam.

WATSON. Collaborated.

CRICK. Been more open, less wary. Less self-protective.

CASPAR. Or more wary, more self-protective.

WATSON. Been a better scientist.

CASPAR. Been willing to take more risks, make models, go forward without the certainty of proof.

CRICK. Been friendlier.

GOSLING. Or born at another time.

CRICK. Or born a man.

Related Characters: Rosalind Franklin (speaker), Ray Gosling (speaker), Don Caspar (speaker), James Watson (speaker), Francis Crick (speaker), Maurice Wilkins
Page Number: 57
Explanation and Analysis:

WILKINS. And they do. I love that Hermione wasn’t really dead. That she comes back.

ROSALIND. (Sympathetically.) No, Maurice. She doesn’t. Not really.

WILKINS. Of course she does.

ROSALIND. No.

WILKINS. Then how do you explain the statue coming to life?

ROSALIND. Hope. They all project it. Leontes projects life where there is none, so he can be forgiven.

Related Characters: Rosalind Franklin (speaker), Maurice Wilkins (speaker)
Related Symbols: The Winter’s Tale
Page Number: 59
Explanation and Analysis:
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Rosalind Franklin Quotes in Photograph 51

The Photograph 51 quotes below are all either spoken by Rosalind Franklin or refer to Rosalind Franklin. For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
Sexism and Antisemitism Theme Icon
).
Photograph 51 Quotes

ROSALIND. […] We were so powerful. Our instruments felt like extensions of our own bodies. We could see everything, really see it—except, sometimes, what was right in front of us.

Related Characters: Rosalind Franklin (speaker)
Page Number: 11
Explanation and Analysis:

ROSALIND. (Writing the letter, cold and formal.) I require an X-ray generating tube. And a camera specially made so that the temperature inside it can be carefully controlled. Otherwise, the solution will change during its exposure, and, Dr. Wilkins, you know as well as I do that that just won’t do. Finally, if at all possible, I’d like to know when this order will be placed so that, if need be, I can request a few minor modifications. Yours sincerely, Dr. Rosalind Franklin.

WILKINS. Dear Miss Franklin, you are ever so ... …cordial.

Related Characters: Rosalind Franklin (speaker), Maurice Wilkins (speaker)
Page Number: 12
Explanation and Analysis:

ROSALIND. Dr. Wilkins, I will not be anyone’s assistant. (Beat.)

WILKINS. What was that?

ROSALIND. I don’t like others to analyze my data, my work. I work best when I work alone. If, for whatever reason, I am forced into a different situation, I should feel that I came here under false pretenses.

WILKINS. I see… […] Then perhaps we could think of our work together as a kind of partnership. Surely that will suit you?

ROSALIND. I don’t suppose it matters whether or not it suits me, does it?

Related Characters: Rosalind Franklin (speaker), Maurice Wilkins (speaker)
Page Number: 13
Explanation and Analysis:

ROSALIND. I’ll have you know that nuclear force is not something of which I approve.

WILKINS. Then I suppose it’s good no one asked you to work on it. […] At any rate, you lot never do seem to approve of it.

ROSALIND. I’m not sure I understand what you’re driving at. […]

WILKINS. Just that ... people ... worked hard to ... come up with these ways to save ... well, the Jews, and then all you hear back from them is how they don’t approve. It feels a little ...

ROSALIND. You’re absolutely right that the Jews should be in a more grateful frame of mind these days.

WILKINS. All right, Rosy.

Related Characters: Rosalind Franklin (speaker), Maurice Wilkins (speaker)
Page Number: 14
Explanation and Analysis:

ROSALIND. It’s absurd, isn’t it? Archaic! […] This business of the senior common room…

GOSLING. I suppose. But ... you can’t worry about it. […] It’s not like biophysicists have such great conversations at meals anyway. They tend just to talk about the work. They never take a break.

ROSALIND. But those are precisely the conversations I need to have. Scientists make discoveries over lunch.

Related Characters: Rosalind Franklin (speaker), Ray Gosling (speaker), Maurice Wilkins
Page Number: 15-16
Explanation and Analysis:

WILKINS. I almost went to see the very same performance. […] Our paths so nearly crossed. (Beat.) Was it any good?

ROSALIND. Oh yes. Very.

WILKINS. The great difference, you know, between The Winter’s Tale and the story on which it’s based—Pandosto—is that in Shakespeare’s version the heroine survives.

ROSALIND. John Gielgud played Leontes. He really was very good. Very lifelike. Very good. When Hermione died, even though it was his fault, I felt for him. I truly did.

WILKINS. And who played Hermione?

ROSALIND. I don’t remember. She didn’t stand out, I suppose.

Related Characters: Rosalind Franklin (speaker), Maurice Wilkins (speaker)
Related Symbols: The Winter’s Tale
Page Number: 18
Explanation and Analysis:

WATSON. But she wasn’t [in the laboratory,] was she. She was too busy snow-shoeing and ... enjoying things like ... nature and small woodland creatures.
CRICK. I mean, didn’t she feel that something was at her back, a force greater than she was ...
WATSON. You mean us?
CRICK. No. I mean fate.
WATSON. What’s the difference?

Related Characters: James Watson (speaker), Francis Crick (speaker), Rosalind Franklin
Page Number: 21
Explanation and Analysis:

ROSALIND. (Condescendingly.) Flushed with pride, are we?

WILKINS. I beg your pardon?

ROSALIND. X-ray patterns you made?

WILKINS. It was just a manner of speaking. Everyone knows who’s on the team, that there is a team.

ROSALIND. Well, I don’t know which X-ray patterns you were looking at, but in the ones I took, it’s certainly not clear that there is a helix.

WILKINS. It’s like you’re unwilling to see it.

Related Characters: Rosalind Franklin (speaker), Maurice Wilkins (speaker)
Page Number: 28
Explanation and Analysis:

CRICK. She’s really that bad?

WILKINS. Worse.

WATSON. The Jews really can be very ornery.

WILKINS. You’re telling me.

WATSON. Is she quite overweight?

WILKINS. Why do you ask?

CRICK. James is many things but subtle is not one of them. […] You see, he imagines that she’s overweight. The kind of woman who barrels over you with the force of a train. […]

CASPAR. (To the audience.) To Watson and Crick, the shape of something suggested the most detailed analysis of its interior workings. As though, by looking at something you could determine how it came to be ... how it gets through each day.

Related Characters: Maurice Wilkins (speaker), James Watson (speaker), Francis Crick (speaker), Rosalind Franklin
Page Number: 31
Explanation and Analysis:

ROSALIND. As a girl, I prided myself on always being right. Because I was always right. I drove my family near mad by relentlessly proposing games to play that I’d win every time. […] And when I was at university, and it was becoming as clear to my parents as it always had been for me that I would pursue science, I left Cambridge to meet my father for a hiking weekend. (Staring again at the image.) And atop a mountain in the Lake District, when I was eighteen years old, he said to me, “Rosa­lind, if you go forward with this life… you must never be wrong…”

Related Characters: Rosalind Franklin (speaker), Ray Gosling
Related Symbols: Photograph 51
Page Number: 35
Explanation and Analysis:

WILKINS. But what are we celebrating??

GOSLING. It’s amazing, really—

ROSALIND. Have some faith in me. There is something to celebrate. Take a leap of faith.

WILKINS. (Bitterly.) As though you would ever do that. […] I mean, my God, can you even hear yourself? The irony?

ROSALIND. (Slowly.) I take a leap of faith every day, Maurice, just by walking through that door in the morning ... I take a leap of faith that it’ll all be worth it, that it will all ultimately mean something.

WILKINS. I don’t know what you’re talking about.

ROSALIND. No, you wouldn’t.

Related Characters: Rosalind Franklin (speaker), Maurice Wilkins (speaker), Ray Gosling (speaker)
Related Symbols: Photograph 51
Page Number: 36
Explanation and Analysis:

CRICK. And what is a race anyway? And who wins? If life is the ultimate race to the finish line, then really we don’t want to win it. Shouldn’t want to win it. Should we? […] Or maybe the race is for something else entirely. Maybe none of us really knew what we were searching for. What we wanted. Maybe success is as illusory and elusive as ... well, Rosalind was to us.

Related Characters: Francis Crick (speaker), Rosalind Franklin
Page Number: 37
Explanation and Analysis:

WATSON. Do tell us what our little ray of sunshine is keeping busy with these days.

CRICK. (Actually worried.) Wilkins, old boy. Are you sure you’re quite all right?

WATSON. Anything new on her docket? If you don’t mind sharing, that is.

WILKINS. I honestly couldn’t give two damns. I’m happy to tell you all I can remember.

Related Characters: Maurice Wilkins (speaker), James Watson (speaker), Francis Crick (speaker), Rosalind Franklin
Related Symbols: Photograph 51
Page Number: 44
Explanation and Analysis:

CASPAR. Watson and Crick got hold of the paper Rosalind had written. It was confidential.

CRICK. It wasn’t confidential. Another scientist at Cambridge gave it to us. […]

WILKINS. Well it wasn’t published, that’s for sure. And it included [….] information that became critical to your work.

WATSON. I’m sure we would have gotten there sooner or later, even without it.

WILKINS. So would we have done, with the benefit of your work. You had ours but we didn’t have yours!

WATSON. There was no “we” where you were concerned. […]

GOSLING. Anyway, it doesn’t matter how they got the paper, only that they got it.

CASPAR. And that Rosalind didn’t know she should be in a hurry.

Related Characters: Maurice Wilkins (speaker), Ray Gosling (speaker), Don Caspar (speaker), James Watson (speaker), Francis Crick (speaker), Rosalind Franklin
Page Number: 46
Explanation and Analysis:

ROSALIND. I think I’m thinking about how I’ve come to the end of thinking. […]

WILKINS. We could talk it through. It might help. […]

GOSLING. For a moment, everything stopped. Different ways our lives could go hovered in the air around us. […]

ROSALIND. You know, I think I am going to call it a night. I haven’t been home before midnight for a fortnight and really what’s the point of being here and not getting anywhere? […]

GOSLING. And then there was only one way everything would go.

Related Characters: Rosalind Franklin (speaker), Maurice Wilkins (speaker), Ray Gosling (speaker)
Related Symbols: Photograph 51
Page Number: 51
Explanation and Analysis:

GOSLING. There’s no science that can explain it. Loneliness. […]

CASPAR. Rosalind? (She clutches her stomach.)

WATSON. It works, Francis. It works. (A very long beat.)

CRICK. It’s ...

WATSON. I can’t believe it.

CRICK. It’s life unfolding, right in front of us. (Rosalind doubles over in her chair, and gasps.)

CASPAR. Rosalind?

WILKINS. It’s the loneliest pursuit in the world. Science. Because there either are answers or there aren’t.

Related Characters: Maurice Wilkins (speaker), Ray Gosling (speaker), Don Caspar (speaker), James Watson (speaker), Francis Crick (speaker), Rosalind Franklin
Page Number: 54
Explanation and Analysis:

ROSALIND. We lose. In the end, we lose. The work is never finished and in the meantime our bodies wind down, tick slower, sputter out.

WILKINS. Like grandfather clocks.

Related Characters: Rosalind Franklin (speaker), Maurice Wilkins (speaker)
Page Number: 56
Explanation and Analysis:

ROSALIND. If I’d only ...

GOSLING. Been more careful around the beam.

WATSON. Collaborated.

CRICK. Been more open, less wary. Less self-protective.

CASPAR. Or more wary, more self-protective.

WATSON. Been a better scientist.

CASPAR. Been willing to take more risks, make models, go forward without the certainty of proof.

CRICK. Been friendlier.

GOSLING. Or born at another time.

CRICK. Or born a man.

Related Characters: Rosalind Franklin (speaker), Ray Gosling (speaker), Don Caspar (speaker), James Watson (speaker), Francis Crick (speaker), Maurice Wilkins
Page Number: 57
Explanation and Analysis:

WILKINS. And they do. I love that Hermione wasn’t really dead. That she comes back.

ROSALIND. (Sympathetically.) No, Maurice. She doesn’t. Not really.

WILKINS. Of course she does.

ROSALIND. No.

WILKINS. Then how do you explain the statue coming to life?

ROSALIND. Hope. They all project it. Leontes projects life where there is none, so he can be forgiven.

Related Characters: Rosalind Franklin (speaker), Maurice Wilkins (speaker)
Related Symbols: The Winter’s Tale
Page Number: 59
Explanation and Analysis: