The Forty Rules of Love

The Forty Rules of Love

by Elif Shafak

Connections Across Distance and Time Theme Analysis

Themes and Colors
Love and Spirituality Theme Icon
Connections Across Distance and Time Theme Icon
Appearances vs. Reality Theme Icon
Storytelling and Truth Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in The Forty Rules of Love, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Connections Across Distance and Time Theme Icon
Connections Across Distance and Time Theme Icon

In Shafak’s The Forty Rules of Love, Ella falls in love with Aziz, even though he lives on the other side of the world. Ella’s husband, David, sees her every day but becomes increasingly distant from her. Aziz, on the other hand, feels familiar to Ella before she even meets him in person. The struggles going on in Ella’s life parallel those going on in the younger generation, as Jeannette thinks that she’s found love with Scott, only to realize shortly after that their relationship won’t work out. Meanwhile, in an even stranger connection, the lives of Ella and Aziz loosely parallel the lives of Rumi and Shams, the historical figures who appear in Aziz’s historical novel. Ella feels that a story based on long-ago events still resonates with her, speaking to how there are fundamental human qualities that remain the same across distance and time.

Characters in Aziz’s novel often feel mysterious connections to others. Kimya, for example, is able to speak with Gevher, Rumi’s first wife, even though Gevher is dead. Shams, meanwhile, has an almost psychic sense of being able to tell when people are watching him, even at the moment when his own killer comes to confront him in Rumi’s courtyard. All of these connections come together and relate back to the present day when Ella travels in person to Konya, the setting of Aziz’s novel, with Aziz himself. There, the death of Aziz due to cancer while Ella is in the hospital garden parallels the death of Shams in Rumi’s courtyard. More broadly, going to the source of all of Rumi’s poetry helps Ella to experience how the poems that Rumi wrote still resonate today. Shafak’s The Forty Rules of Love portrays how in spite of how different people’s lives are in different parts of the world or different moments in history, there are ultimately fundamental experiences that connect humans across these distances, something that novels and poetry can uniquely capture.

Related Themes from Other Texts
Compare and contrast themes from other texts to this theme…

Connections Across Distance and Time ThemeTracker

The ThemeTracker below shows where, and to what degree, the theme of Connections Across Distance and Time appears in each chapter of The Forty Rules of Love. Click or tap on any chapter to read its Summary & Analysis.
How often theme appears:
chapter length:
Chapter
Prologue, Chapter 1
P.1
Prologue, Chapter 2
P.2
Prologue, Chapter 3
P.3
Prologue, Chapter 4
P.4
Prologue, Chapter 5
P.5
Prologue, Chapter 6
P.6
Part 1, Chapter 1
1.1
Part 1, Chapter 2
1.2
Part 1, Chapter 3
1.3
Part 1, Chapter 4
1.4
Part 1, Chapter 5
1.5
Part 1, Chapter 6
1.6
Part 1, Chapter 7
1.7
Part 1, Chapter 8
1.8
Part 1, Chapter 9
1.9
Part 1, Chapter 10
1.10
Part 1, Chapter 11
1.11
Part 1, Chapter 12
1.12
Part 1, Chapter 13
1.13
Part 1, Chapter 14
1.14
Part 1, Chapter 15
1.15
Part 1, Chapter 16
1.16
Part 2, Chapter 1
2.1
Part 2, Chapter 2
2.2
Part 2, Chapter 3
2.3
Part 2, Chapter 4
2.4
Part 2, Chapter 5
2.5
Part 2, Chapter 6
2.6
Part 2, Chapter 7
2.7
Part 2, Chapter 8
2.8
Part 2, Chapter 9
2.9
Part 2, Chapter 10
2.10
Part 2, Chapter 11
2.11
Part 2, Chapter 12
2.12
Part 2, Chapter 13
2.13
Part 3, Chapter 1
3.1
Part 3, Chapter 2
3.2
Part 3, Chapter 3
3.3
Part 3, Chapter 4
3.4
Part 3, Chapter 5
3.5
Part 3, Chapter 6
3.6
Part 3, Chapter 7
3.7
Part 3, Chapter 8
3.8
Part 3, Chapter 9
3.9
Part 3, Chapter 10
3.10
Part 3, Chapter 11
3.11
Part 3, Chapter 12
3.12
Part 3, Chapter 13
3.13
Part 3, Chapter 14
3.14
Part 3, Chapter 15
3.15
Part 3, Chapter 16
3.16
Part 3, Chapter 17
3.17
Part 3, Chapter 18
3.18
Part 3, Chapter 19
3.19
Part 3, Chapter 20
3.20
Part 3, Chapter 21
3.21
Part 3, Chapter 22
3.22
Part 3, Chapter 23
3.23
Part 3, Chapter 24
3.24
Part 3, Chapter 25
3.25
Part 3, Chapter 26
3.26
Part 3, Chapter 27
3.27
Part 3, Chapter 28
3.28
Part 4, Chapter 1
4.1
Part 4, Chapter 2
4.2
Part 4, Chapter 3
4.3
Part 4, Chapter 4
4.4
Part 4, Chapter 5
4.5
Part 4, Chapter 6
4.6
Part 4, Chapter 7
4.7
Part 4, Chapter 8
4.8
Part 4, Chapter 9
4.9
Part 4, Chapter 10
4.10
Part 4, Chapter 11
4.11
Part 4, Chapter 12
4.12
Part 4, Chapter 13
4.13
Part 4, Chapter 14
4.14
Part 5, Chapter 1
5.1
Part 5, Chapter 2
5.2
Part 5, Chapter 3
5.3
Part 5, Chapter 4
5.4
Part 5, Chapter 5
5.5
Part 5, Chapter 6
5.6
Part 5, Chapter 7
5.7
Part 5, Chapter 8
5.8
Part 5, Chapter 9
5.9
Part 5, Chapter 10
5.10
Part 5, Chapter 11
5.11
Part 5, Chapter 12
5.12
Part 5, Chapter 13
5.13
Part 5, Chapter 14
5.14
Part 5, Chapter 15
5.15
Part 5, Chapter 16
5.16
Part 5, Chapter 17
5.17
Part 5, Chapter 18
5.18
Part 5, Chapter 19
5.19
Get the entire The Forty Rules of Love LitChart as a printable PDF.
"My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." -Graham S.
The Forty Rules of Love PDF

Connections Across Distance and Time Quotes in The Forty Rules of Love

Below you will find the important quotes in The Forty Rules of Love related to the theme of Connections Across Distance and Time.

Prologue, Chapter 1 Quotes

Between your fingers you hold a stone and throw it into flowing water. The effect might not be easy to see. There will be a small ripple where the stone breaks the surface and then a splash, muffled by the rush of the surrounding river. That’s all.

Related Characters: Shams, A. Z. (“Aziz”) Zahara, Ella Rubenstein, Rumi
Page Number and Citation: 1
Explanation and Analysis:

Prologue, Chapter 4 Quotes

But the story didn’t end there.

In truth, there never was an end. Almost eight hundred years later, the spirits of Shams and Rumi are still alive today, whirling amid us somewhere.…

Related Characters: A. Z. (“Aziz”) Zahara (speaker), Shams, Rumi, Ella Rubenstein
Page Number and Citation: 19
Explanation and Analysis:

Part 1, Chapter 3 Quotes

I am writing because the “timing” of my reading Sweet Blasphemy couldn’t have been more bizarre. Currently I am trying to persuade my elder daughter not to marry so young. The day before, I asked her boyfriend to call off their marriage plans. Now my daughter hates me and refuses to talk to me. I have a feeling you two would get along well, as you seem to have very similar views on love.

Related Characters: Ella Rubenstein (speaker), David Rubenstein, Jeannette, A. Z. (“Aziz”) Zahara, Shams, Scott
Page Number and Citation: 44
Explanation and Analysis:

Part 1, Chapter 16 Quotes

But this morning when she entered the kitchen, instead of brewing coffee, squeezing oranges, or toasting bread, the first thing Ella did was to sit at the kitchen table and turn on her laptop. She logged on to the Internet to see whether there was an e-mail from Aziz. To her delight, there was.

Related Characters: Orly, Ella Rubenstein, David Rubenstein, Avi, Jeannette, A. Z. (“Aziz”) Zahara
Page Number and Citation: 90
Explanation and Analysis:

Part 2, Chapter 5 Quotes

10. Open your heart to love!!!

Related Characters: Ella Rubenstein (speaker), David Rubenstein, A. Z. (“Aziz”) Zahara
Page Number and Citation: 113
Explanation and Analysis:

Part 3, Chapter 7 Quotes

But when Shams of Tabriz came to our house, and he and my husband locked themselves in the library for forty days, I felt an old resentment boil up inside me. A wound that I didn’t even know I had begun to bleed.

Related Characters: Kerra (speaker), Aladdin, Shams, Rumi
Page Number and Citation: 167
Explanation and Analysis:

Part 3, Chapter 12 Quotes

Shams of Tabriz bore more than a passing resemblance to Aziz Z. Zahara. He looked exactly the way Shams was described in the manuscript before he headed to Konya to meet Rumi. Ella wondered if Aziz had deliberately based his character’s looks on himself.

Related Characters: Rumi, Shams, A. Z. (“Aziz”) Zahara, Ella Rubenstein
Page Number and Citation: 184
Explanation and Analysis:

Part 4, Chapter 10 Quotes

“Beauty is in the eye of the beholder,” Shams kept saying. “Everybody will watch the same dance, but each will see it differently. So why worry? Some will like it, some won’t.”

Related Characters: Shams (speaker), Sultan Walad (speaker), Rumi, Aladdin
Page Number and Citation: 267
Explanation and Analysis:

Part 4, Chapter 14 Quotes

Beyond wildest dreams, Aziz said, strange things happened to people when they were ready for the unusual and the unexpected. But not a single bone in Ella’s body was ready for the one strange thing that happened this week: Aziz Z. Zahara came to Boston to see her.

Related Characters: Ella Rubenstein, A. Z. (“Aziz”) Zahara
Page Number and Citation: 278
Explanation and Analysis:

Part 5, Chapter 12 Quotes

“I know you’re not a Sufi.” Aziz smiled. “And you don’t have to be one. Just be Rumi. That’s all I’m asking of you.”

Related Characters: A. Z. (“Aziz”) Zahara (speaker), Ella Rubenstein, Rumi, Shams
Page Number and Citation: 325
Explanation and Analysis:

Part 5, Chapter 14 Quotes

Fast as lightning I threw my sword aside, pulled my dagger out of my belt, and dashed forward. The seven of us knocked the dervish to the ground, and in one swift move I stabbed him in the heart. A single hoarse cry came out of his mouth, his voice breaking at its peak. He didn’t stir again, nor did he breathe.

Related Characters: Jackal Head/The Killer (speaker), Shams, Rumi, Aladdin
Related Symbols: Silk
Page Number and Citation: 333
Explanation and Analysis:

Part 5, Chapter 18 Quotes

Deep in the slow whirling of sorrow and longing, I am with Shams every day, every minute. My chest is a cave where Shams is resting. Just as a mountain keeps an echo inside itself, I hold the voice of Shams within. Of the scholar and preacher I once was, not even the smallest speck remains.

Related Characters: Rumi (speaker), Ella Rubenstein, Shams, A. Z. (“Aziz”) Zahara
Page Number and Citation: 340
Explanation and Analysis:

Part 5, Chapter 19 Quotes

“It’s Rule Number Forty,” she said slowly. “A life without love is of no account. Don’t ask yourself what kind of love you should seek, spiritual or material, divine or mundane, Eastern or Western.… Divisions only lead to more divisions. Love has no labels, no definitions. It is what it is, pure and simple.

Love is the water of life. And a lover is a soul of fire!

The universe turns differently when fire loves water.”

Related Characters: Ella Rubenstein (speaker), Shams (speaker), A. Z. (“Aziz”) Zahara, Rumi
Page Number and Citation: 349
Explanation and Analysis: